المادة 180 - مسودة دستور دولة الخلافة | System Of Islam

المادة 180 - مسودة دستور دولة الخلافة | System Of Islam

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «إِنَّ أَحَقَّ مَا أَخَذْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًا كِتَابُ اللَّهِ» [رواه البخاری عن ابن عباس]، فَمِنْ بَابِ أَوْلَى يَجُوزُ أَخْذُ الْأُجْرَةِ عَلَى تَعْلِيمِ غَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْعُلُومِ، وَيَدُلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَعَلَ فِدَاءَ أَسْرَى بَدْرٍ أَنْ يُعَلِّمَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ عَشْرَةً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَهَذَا أَخْذُ عِوَضٍ عَلَى التَّعْلِيمِ. وَالتَّأْلِيفُ هُوَ كِتَابَةُ الْعِلْمِ، أَيْ إِعْطَاءُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْكِتَابَةِ، فَهُوَ كَتَعْلِيمِهِ شَفَاهَةً. وَالْعِلْمُ يُنْقَلُ إِلَى النَّاسِ شَفَاهَةً أَوْ كِتَابَةً، وَفِي الْحَالَيْنِ يَجُوزُ أَخْذُ الْأُجْرَةِ عَلَيْهِ. فَإِذَا عَلَّمَ الْمُعَلِّمُ شَيْئًا شَفَاهَةً أَوْ كِتَابَةً، صَارَ مَا أَخَذَهُ الْمُتَعَلِّمُ مِلْكًا لَهُ، فَلَهُ أَنْ يُعَلِّمَهُ لِغَيْرِهِ شَفَاهَةً أَوْ كِتَابَةً، وَلَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ عَلَيْهِ أُجْرَةً. وَلَيْسَ لِأَسْرَى بَدْرٍ حَقٌّ عَلَى مَنْ تَعَلَّمُوا مِنْهُمُ الْقِرَاءَةَ وَالْكِتَابَةَ سِوَى أُجْرَتِهِمْ، وَلِمَنْ تَعَلَّمَ مِنْهُمْ أَنْ يُعَلِّمَ غَيْرَهُ الْقِرَاءَةَ وَالْكِتَابَةَ بِأُجْرَةٍ دُونَ إِذْنِ مُعَلِّمِيهِ، وَلَا حَقَّ لِمُعَلِّمِيهِ عَلَيْهِ.

“You are most entitled to take wages for Allah (swt)'s Book” (reported by Al-Bukhari from Ibn ‘Abbas), and so by greater reasoning a fee can be taken for teaching anything else; additionally it is confirmed from the fact that the Messenger (pbuh) allowed the prisoners from the battle of Badr to each teach ten Muslims as their ransom, which is making a payment for education. Authoring is the writing of knowledge, or in other words, the giving of knowledge through writing and so it is like imparting it verbally. Knowledge can be passed to people verbally or in a written form and in both circumstances it is permitted to take a fee for it. However, if the teacher imparts something verbally or through writing, the knowledge that the learner took becomes possessed by him, and so he has the right to impart that knowledge to anyone else whether verbally or through writing, and he has the right to take a fee for it. The prisoners from Badr had no right over those who learnt reading and writing from them other than their fee, and those who learnt from them could teach others reading and writing for a fee without the permission of their teachers, and without their teachers having any right.

وكذلك العلم، من جهة أنه مباحٌ، ومعنى كونه مباحًا أنه يجوز لكل أحدٍ أن يأخذه، ويجوز لكل مَن يعلّمه أن يأخذ عليه أجرًا، لا المعلّمُ الذي علّمه أولًا فقط. فبهذا يُعلم أن العلم يكون ملكًا لكل مَن عرفه، وليس ملكًا خالصًا لمن علّمه، وهو ملكٌ لمن عرفه ما دام باقيًا عنده، فله أن يأخذ أجرًا على تعليمه لغيره، أو أن يعلّمه غيره مجانًا. فإذا خرج منه بتعليمه إياه لشخصٍ أو جماعةٍ، أو بالتحدث به علانيةً، أو بإيصاله إلى الناس بأيّ وسيلةٍ، صار مباحًا لجميع الناس وفقًا للأدلة التي تُبيح العلم عمومًا، وصار لمن أخذ ذلك العلم فردًا أو جزءًا من جماعةٍ أن يعطيه لمن شاء، سواءٌ أذن له مَن علّمه أولًا أم لم يأذن، وسواءٌ رضي بذلك أم لم يرضَ.

Additionally, knowledge, from the angle that it is permitted, and the meaning of its being permitted is that it is permissible for anyone to take it, and permitted for anyone who teaches it to take a fee, and not simply the teacher who taught it originally. So from this it is seen that the knowledge is possessed by anyone who knows it, and is not the sole possession of the one who taught it, and it is the possession of the one who knows it as long as it remains with him, and so he can take a fee for teaching it to someone else, or can teach it to others for free. So if it emerges from him through his teaching of it to an individual or a group, or talking about it in public, or conveying it to the people by any means, it becomes permissible for all of the people in accordance with the evidences which generally permit knowledge, and it becomes permissible for whoever took that knowledge individually or part of a group, to give it to whoever they wish irrespective of whether the one who taught them initially gave them permission or not, and whether they were content for that to happen or not.