人間はみな、程度の差こそあれ、本能と生理的欲求を備えており、それらが人にある種の行動をとらせます。例えば本能のうち、神聖視の本能は人に崇敬と崇拝をもたらし、生存の本能は富を増やし生命を確保しようとさせ、生殖の本能は他者と性的関係を持つよう促します。同様に、生理的欲求には、食べること、飲むこと、呼吸することなどが含まれます。

Human beings are all endowed, albeit to different extents, with instincts and organic needs, which drive them to perform certain actions. For example, of the instincts, the sanctification instinct causes people to revere and worship, the survival instinct causes them to seek to increase their wealth and secure their lives, and the procreational instinct urges them to have sexual relationships with others. Similarly, among the organic needs, are the need to eat, drink, breathe etc.

すべての本能と生理的欲求は満たされなければならない。本能が満たされなければ、不幸につながる。生理的欲求が満たされなければ、死に至る。しかし、人間が自分の思うままに任されると、人は自分の理性を用いて行動を方向づけ、本能と生理的欲求を自分の望むとおりに満たすことができる。けれども、人間の理性は能力に限りがあり、誤りやすく、利己心や偏見の影響を受けやすい。導きがなければ、本能と生理的欲求の充足は他者に害を及ぼす形で行われてしまうかもしれない。例えば、生存本能によって、人は富を増やそうとして他人を欺いたり盗んだりするかもしれない。子孫を残す本能によって、人は姦通や不品行に走るかもしれない。これらは数ある例のほんの一部にすぎず、問題が生じる余地はほとんど限りがない。

All of the instincts and organic needs must be fulfilled. If the instincts are not satisfied it will lead to misery. If the organic needs are not fulfilled, it will lead to death. However, if human beings are left to their own devices, they use their own minds to direct their actions and can thus fulfil their instincts and organic needs exactly as they please. But their minds are limited in ability, prone to error and subject to selfishness and prejudice. Without guidance, the satisfaction of the instincts and organic needs may be carried out in a way that is harmful to others. For instance, the survival instinct may drive individuals to cheat and steal from others in order to gain more wealth. The procreation instinct may lead people into committing adultery or fornication. These are just a couple of examples, but the scope for problems is almost limitless.