9.3.3 Lembaga-Lembaga Pendidikan Kaum Muslimin
9.3.3 The Muslims’ Educational Institutions
(1) Al-Katatib: Bentuk jamak dari kuttab, yaitu tempat diajarkannya penulisan dan perhitungan Al-Qur'an. Katatib ini ada di seluruh masa pemerintahan Negara Islam, di kota-kota maupun desa-desa.
(1) Al-Katatib: Which is the plural of kuttab, is the place where the Qur’an writing and calculating are taught. These katatib were present throughout the reign of the Islamic State in the cities and villages.
(2) Masjid-Masjid: Para ulama dan ahli hadits biasa mengadakan halaqah-halaqah kajian di masjid-masjid jami' yang agung, tempat mereka duduk untuk mengajar atau berdebat tentang masalah fikih, tafsir, bahasa, dan hadits; halaqah-halaqah ini dihadiri oleh murid-murid mereka.
(2) The Mosques: The scholars and the hadith experts used to hold study circles in the majestic central mosques, where they used to sit and teach or debate matters of fiqh, tafseer, language and hadith; these used to be attended by their pupils.
(3) Pusat-pusat Al-Qur'an: Orang pertama yang mendirikan pusat khusus untuk pengajaran Al-Qur'an adalah sang perawi Rasha ibn Nathif al-Dimashqi, dan itu terjadi di Damaskus pada tahun 400 Hijriah.
(3) The Qur’an centres: The first to establish a separate centre for the teaching of Qur’an was the receptor Rasha ibn Nathif al-Dimashqi, and that was in Damascus in the year 400 Hijri.
(4) Pusat-pusat Hadits: Orang pertama yang mendirikan pusat khusus pengajaran hadits adalah al-Malik al-Adil Nureddine Mahmud al-Zanki, juga di Damaskus.
(4) The Hadith centres: The first to establish a centre specialising in the teaching of hadith was al-Malik al-Adil Nureddine Mahmud al- Zanki, in Damascus as well.
(5) Madrasah-Madrasah: Madrasah-madrasah ini didirikan pada abad kelima Hijriah di Damaskus; terdapat sebuah madrasah untuk setiap bidang studi, seperti madrasah teknik sipil di Damaskus dan madrasah kedokteran.
(5) The Schools: These were established in the fifth century of Hijrah in Damascus; there was a school for every subject such as the school of civil engineering in Damascus and the school of medicine.
(6) Universitas-Universitas: Lembaga-lembaga ini didirikan pada pertengahan abad kelima Hijriah. Al-Hakam ibn Abdul Rahman mendirikan Universitas Cordoba, yang merupakan salah satu pusat pendidikan paling terkenal pada masa itu. Universitas-universitas lain didirikan di berbagai tempat, seperti Universitas Mustansiriyya di Baghdad. Para pelajar dari seluruh Eropa berupaya untuk diterima di lembaga-lembaga semacam ini.
(6) The Universities: These were established in the middle of the fifth century Hijri. Al-Hakam ibn Abdul Rahman established the university of Cordoba which was one of the most famous centres of education at the time. Other universities were established in many places such as the Mustansiryya university in Baghdad. Students from all over Europe sought admission to these types of institutions.
Universitas-universitas ini mendidik banyak ulama yang memiliki peran berpengaruh dalam apa yang telah dicapai dunia ilmu pengetahuan hingga hari ini dalam hal penemuan-penemuan, seperti Al-Khwarizmi, Ibn al-Haytham, Ibnu Sina, Jabir ibn Hayyan, Al-Razi, dan lainnya.
These universities educated many scholars who played an influential part in what the world of science has reached today in terms of inventions, such as Al-Khwarizmi, Ibn al-Haytham, Ibn Sina, Jabir ibn Hayyan, Al-Razi and others.