增加财富的方式与满足需要是两个不同的问题，因为它涉及的是财富的创造，而非人的需要，因此在不同国家之间各有不同。在穆斯林国家，这一问题主要通过寻找改进农产品的途径、发起工业革命来处理，使工业成为经济发展和增长的主要手段，并提高商业生产力。这一思路可分为四个部分：

The ways of increasing the wealth are a separate issue from providing the needs, as it deals with generating the wealth and not with the human needs, so it differs from one country to another. In Muslim countries, it is approached and dealt with chiefly by finding ways in which to improve the agricultural products, to launch an industrial revolution, so that industry becomes the main method used in economic development and growth, ant to increase commercial productivity. This approach may be divided into four sections :

农业政策。

The agricultural policy.

工业政策。

The industrial policy.

项目融资

The financing of projects.

创建外部市场。

Creating an external market.

这一做法以提高农产品的产量和品种为基础，通常遵循两种方法：a) 寻找提高土地生产力的途径；b) 通过扩大耕地面积来实现扩张。

This is based on increasing the yield and variety of farm produce, and usually follows two methods : a) finding means of increasing productivity of the land, and b) increasing the farming lands as a method of expansion.

这些工作借助现代化的精密机械、化学品以及优质种子来完成。国家应当向那些无力购买所需机械、种子和化学品的农民提供补助金（而非贷款），并应鼓励有能力的农民购买这些物资。

These take place by using modern and sophisticated machinery, chemicals and by providing high quality seed. The State should provide grants (as opposed to loans) to the farmers who are unable to buy what they need in terms of machines, seed and chemicals, and it should also encourage those who are able, to buy such materials.

扩张通过鼓励开垦荒地并耕种来实现。国家应当把使用不当或闲置的封建土地,以及其控制下的土地,分配给有劳动能力但没有土地或土地很少的农民。凡连续三年荒废自己土地的人,应被迫将土地交给国家,由国家分配给能够加以利用的人。 伊玛目艾布·优素福(Abu Yusuf)记载:“穆罕默德·本·伊斯哈格(Muhammad ibn Ishaque)告诉我,欧麦尔·本·哈塔卜(‘Umar ibn al-Khattab)在讲坛上向人们讲话时说:‘谁获得了一块死地,它就属于他;而谁建造了围墙,三年之后他便不再拥有对它的权利。这是因为人们过去常常圈占自己并不耕种的土地。’”(《土地税之书》(Kitab al-Kharaj))。

The expansion takes place by encouraging the revival of barren land and cultivating it. The State should grant feudal lands which are improperly used or left unused, to farmers who are able to work but have no land or little land, and from lands that are under its control. Anyone neglecting his land for three consecutive years would be forced to give it up to the State, which would allocate it to people who would make use of it. Imam Abu Yusuf narrated that : “Muhammad ibn Ishaque related to me that ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab said addressing the people on the pulpit : ‘Whoever receives a dead land, (it) would belong to him and whoever constructs a boundary wall, has no right over it after three years. This was because the people used to enclose land which they did not cultivate.’” (Kitab al-Kharaj).

通过遵循这两种方法，农产品产量将会增加，农业政策的目标也将得以实现。

By following these two methods, an increase in farm produce would be achieved, and the aim of the agricultural policy would be realised.

然而,在实施此类政策时,仍有一些问题需要考虑。在确保生产力提高之后,还必须考虑提升农产品的质量。提高生产力的政策须通过机械设备的现代化来实现;这就需要发起一场工业革命,以配合雄心勃勃的农业计划,而工业则成为推动进步的主要手段。

There are, however, issues to be considered while implementing such a policy. Once increased productivity is ensured, improving the quality of the produce has also to be considered. The policy of improving productivity has to be achieved by modernising the machinery; this necessitates the launching of an industrial revolution to match the ambitious agricultural programme, with industry providing the main means of progress.

工业政策的主要目标是使国家成为工业国。实现这一目标的直接途径是首先制造机器，然后才能引进其他工业。优先事项是建立制造机器的工厂。除此之外，别无其他途径可以使国家成为工业强国。只有这样，才能建立依赖本地制造（即生产）的机器的工业。

The main aim of the industrial policy is to make the country an industrial one. The direct route towards achieving such an aim is to first of all manufacture the machines; then other industries can be introduced. The priority would be given to build factories to manufacture machines. There is no other way to turn the country into an industrial force. Only then can industries which rely on the machines produced (i.e. manufactured) locally, be established.

认为制造机器需要很长时间，因此应当先发展轻工业，这种说法毫无根据，只会导致灾难；这是西方精心策划的一项计划，旨在阻碍伊斯兰世界的主要进程，使其始终专注于消费品工业，并沦为西方工业的市场。

To claim that the manufacturing of machines takes a long time and that we should begin by introducing the light industries, is baseless and a recipe for disaster; it is a plan schemed by the West to impede the main initiative of the Islamic world, and to keep it concentrating on consumer goods industries and as a market for Western industries.

认为这一事业不可行、因为它需要现成的工业人才，这种看法同样是错误的。首先，穆斯林国家拥有大量受过训练、具备资格的人才，但由于本国缺乏技术和工业，他们找不到工作。伊斯兰国可以让这些人参与工业化进程。此外，工业化国家拥有过剩的实业家、工程师和技术人员，可以聘用他们，同时培训穆斯林青年掌握此类知识。

It is also wrong to believe that this venture is unfeasible because it requires industrial personnel which are not available. Firstly, Muslim countries have a large surplus of trained and qualified personnel who have no jobs due to unavailability of technology and industry in their own countries. These people would be used by the Islamic State for participation in the industrialisation process. Additionally, industrialised countries have a surplus of industrialists, engineers and technicians who can be contracted while the Muslim youth are trained to acquire such knowledge.

因此，在工业革命的推进尚未完成之际，不应把精力浪费在轻工业和消费品工业上。所以，第一步应当是制造机器。这一政策应当同时推行，而不是逐个阶段进行。我们不应等到完成一个阶段之后才开始下一个阶段；因为那些可能拖慢我们进步的障碍，本来就是想象出来的。

Therefore, efforts should not be wasted in light and consumer industries while the drive towards achieving the industrial revolution is still under way. Thus, the first step would be to manufacture the machines. This policy should be pursued simultaneously and not stage by stage. We should not wait until we reach one stage before we start another; because these obstacles that would delay our progress are imaginary.

目前穆斯林在消费品工业方面所拥有的，应当予以维持，不必试图扩张；重点应放在发动工业革命上。在机器能够在本地制造之前，进口政策可依照伊斯兰经济政策继续执行。即便是采矿等国营工业，也应遵循同样的策略。国家作为伊斯兰法所规定的石油、矿产及其他自然资源的唯一合法所有者，不应购买开采矿藏的机器，因为那会分散其制造此类机器的精力，从而阻碍工业革命的进行。

What the Muslims possess nowadays in terms of consumer industries should be maintained as they are, without attempting to expand, but rather the concentration should be upon launching the industrial revolution. The import policy can remain in force according to the Islamic economic policy, until such machines are locally manufactured. Even the state industries like mining would have to follow the same strategy. The State, being the only legal owner of such industries under Islamic law (such as oil, minerals and other natural resources) would not buy machines to extract minerals, for this would divert its efforts from manufacturing such machines and thus impede the industrial revolution.

伊斯兰的经济政策无疑决定了国家应当采取的项目，以及个人应当采取的项目。农业政策属于私营部门，在这一领域除了向农民提供补助，以及资助修建水坝、运河和渠道等建设与开发项目之外，公营部门没有其位置。

The economic policy in Islam has undoubtedly determined the projects which the State should adopt, and those which the individuals should adopt. The agricultural policy falls into the private sector, and there is no place for the public sector in this area, except in offering farmers grants and financing building projects and developments, like dams, canals and channels.

工业政策同样向私营部门开放，但与公有资源相关的行业除外，例如石油、基础矿产等。此类行业必须归入公有（即国营）部门。自然，这些项目无论是公营还是私营，都需要融资。

The industrial policy is open to the private sector as well, except where the industries are linked to resources that fall under the public ownership, like oils, basic minerals etc. Such industries must fall under the public (i.e. state run) sector. Naturally, these projects, whether public or private, require financing.

就私营部门而言，个人、公司或合伙人可以采用任何他们认为合适、且符合法律规定（即伊斯兰教法所允许的）的方式为其项目融资。

As far as the private sector is concerned, it is up to the individual, the company or the partners to finance their projects in any way they deem fit by legal means (i.e. by what the Shari‘ah permits).

至于公共部门，不应依靠海外贷款为其项目筹资，因为这会导致外国影响力的增加，也会导致贫困的加剧，正如目前第三世界国家所见的结果，那些国家的经济因此类贷款而陷入瘫痪。此外，此类贷款通常附带利息，而伊斯兰教是禁止利息的。因此，国家应当自行为其项目筹资，即使是通过对有能力者征收税款的方式，以筹集足够的资金推动工业革命。若采取此类措施，则应适用伊斯兰关于征税的裁决，使贫困者不负担此项税收。

As for the public sector, it should not resort to overseas loans to finance its projects, for this leads to increasing foreign influence, and also to increasing poverty, which is the result currently seen in Third World countries, whose economies are crippled by such loans. Besides, such loans are generally subject to interest, which is forbidden in Islam. Therefore, the State should finance its own projects even by imposing taxes upon those who can afford it, in order to raise sufficient funds to launch the industrial revolution. The Islamic verdict on taxation projects should apply if such measures were to be taken, such that poor people would not be subject to the taxation.

项目也可以通过分期付款的方式购买机器来融资，即使从长远来看所付金额高于机器的实际价格；但这应当是买卖交易，而非高利贷交易。

Projects could also be financed by purchasing machinery on easy terms, even if it means paying more for the machines in the long term than their actual prices; this should be on a sales basis, and not on a usury transaction.

营销商品是产生财富的主要因素之一。无论过去还是现在，许多国家都非常重视为其商品和产品寻找市场。许多经济帝国正是在这一基础上建立起来的。因此，伊斯兰国家必须推销其商品和产品，这是十分必要的。然而，这不应成为目的，而应作为一种手段，用以购买工业革命所需的物资，获取硬通货，或派遣穆斯林青年去接受必要的教育，例如土木工程、医学等。

Marketing goods is one of the major factors that generate wealth. Many countries have taken great care, past and present in finding markets for their goods and products. Many economic empires have been established on such a basis. It is essential therefore for the Islamic State to market its goods and products. However, this should not be an aim but a means to helping the purchase of goods necessary for the industrial revolution, to acquire hard currency or to send the Muslim youth to acquire the necessary education such as civil engineering, medicine etc.

基于此,应当推行建立海外市场的政策,即以商业和工业为基础。不应将注意力集中于与各国的贸易差额。只要能够实现经济制度的目标、对外政策以及国家其他必要的考量,无论我们的出口多于、少于还是等于进口,都无关紧要;同时以商业和工业为基础,无论贸易差额是否对我们有利。然而,应当注意,伊斯兰国家在贸易中所遵循的原则与世界上任何其他国家都不相同。其他所有国家都是根据商品的产地而非商人的来源进行交易的。而国家则是根据商人的来源而非所制造或生产的商品的产地来进行贸易的。在建立贸易关系时应当考虑到这一点。如此一来,伊斯兰国家例如就不会与敌视它或与它交战的国家进行任何贸易。 国家的商人即是其公民,他们依据自由贸易的原则,与他人交易那些根据伊斯兰教法合法的商品;而其他国家的商人则依照本国的对外政策进行贸易。

On this basis, the policy of establishing foreign markets should be pursued, i.e. on a commercial and industrial basis. Attention should not be focused on the trade balance with the different countries. It is insignificant for our exports to be less, more or equal to our imports, as long as the objectives of the Economic System, the foreign policy and other obligatory considerations of the State are achieved, by being commercial and industrial at the same time, whether the trade balance were to our advantage or not. However, it should be noted that the basis followed by the Islamic State in its trading is different from any other in the world. All other countries deal on the basis of where the goods originate from and not where the businessman comes from. The State bases its trading on the traders origin, not on the origin of the manufactured or produced goods. This should be taken into consideration while establishing trading relations. In this way, the Islamic State will not for example, be involved in any trade with countries who are hostile to it, or at war with it.The businessmen of the State are its citizens, and they deal with others on the basis of free trade on goods that are legal according to the Shari‘ah; whereas other businessmen trade according to the foreign policy of their country.

如果采用这种交易方式并坚持下去，将有助于创造和增加财富。

This method of trading, if pursued, would help generate and increase the wealth.

通过这些方式,伊斯兰国的经济政策将使其成为一股强大的经济力量:它将满足民众的基本需求,并尽可能使他们能够满足奢侈性需求,同时消除西方和社会主义经济体系中显现的所有腐败、不平等和不公。

In these ways, the economic policy of the Islamic State will build it up as a powerful economic force, where it will supply the basic needs of its people, and enable them to fulfil their luxurious needs as much as possible, while undermining all the corruption, inequality and unfairness that is manifest in the Western and Socialist economic systems.