11.4 政治运动的必要性
11.4 The Need for Political Movements
安拉(SWT)在《阿利•伊姆兰》章中命令道:
Allah (swt) commands in surah al-Imran:
“你们当中应当有一个团体(或若干团体)号召行善,命人行正道,禁止作恶。这些人便是成功者。”(TMQ 3:104)
“There should be from among you an Ummah (band(s) of people) inviting to the good (khayr), commanding what is right (ma‘ruf) and forbidding what is wrong (munkar). Those are they who are the successful.” [TMQ 3:104].
这节经文中的"Ummah"一词并不是指现今最常用的、遍及全球的穆斯林群体,而是指一种政治性的运动。伊玛目古尔泰比在其著作《古兰经教法总汇》(Tafseer Ahkam al-Qur'an)中将此经文里的"Ummah"定义为一个群体、一支队伍或一个团体,经文中的"min kum"(你们中间)即表明,这一群体是从整个Ummah之中分出来的。这一要求属于集体义务中的"充足义务"(fard kifaya),即社会中应当始终存在这样一个群体,或若干群体,经文所说"那些人才是成功者"也表明,这里指的是复数的群体,而不是单数的个人。 这一群体的运作必须与穆罕默德ﷺ的同伴们具有相同的目的、相同的意图和相同的方法,即全面地召唤人们归信伊斯兰(da'wa ila al-khayr),并致力于照管民众的事务,而这正是"政治"的含义。伊玛目菲鲁兹阿巴迪说,照管公民的事务即是命人行善、禁人作恶(amr bil-ma'ruf wa nahy 'an al-munkar)。因此,这些群体必定具有政治性质。
The word Ummah in this ayah does not refer to the global body of Muslims most commonly used but a political movement. Imam Qurtubi in his book, ‘Tafseer Ahkam al-Qur’an’ defined the word Ummah in this verse as a group or band or party, as the verse states ‘min kum’ (among you) and the group is from amongst the total Ummah. The requirement is a fard of sufficiency as there should always be such a group, or groups as the verse states ‘Those are they who are successful’ and does not refer to the group in the singular. The functioning of the group must be for the same purpose as Muhammad’s (saw) companions with the same intention and with the same approach, i.e. to invite to Islam comprehensively (call to al-khayr), and aiming to look after the affairs of the people, which is the meaning of politics. Imam Fairuz al- Abadi said that looking after the affairs of the citizens means ordering and forbidding them (commanding ma‘ruf and forbidding munkar). Therefore the group(s) must be political in nature.