1.1 伊斯兰作为一种生活方式
1.1 Islam as a Way of Life
伊斯兰是真主(SWT)降示给穆罕默德ﷺ的终极而最后的人生蓝图,他是为全人类而派遣的最后一位使者ﷺ。因此,造物主为人类所制定的唯一生活方式就是伊斯兰。真主(SWT)说:“凡是追求伊斯兰以外的宗教的人,那种宗教决不会被接受;他在后世,必是亏折者。”[TMQ 3:85] “信士们哪!你们应当敬畏真主,敬畏的程度应当与他相称;你们应当保持穆斯林的身份而死。”[TMQ 3:102] 伊斯兰的“aqeedah(信仰)是穆斯林的信条,其基础在于理解:真主(SWT)是唯一的主宰,穆罕默德ﷺ是真主的最后一位使者。它为人类最大的难题提供答案,即生命的来源与目的是什么,并引导人认识到自己应当相信什么、不应相信什么。同时,伊斯兰的“aqeedah是治理生活事务的规则与法律由此产生的内在动力。伊斯兰的信仰不应被视为一套与生活毫无关联的抽象、理论性的规则和条例。恰恰相反,正确理解伊斯兰信仰的方式是:它是一种必须确信的信条,其规则与法律必须在生活事务中得到实施。
Islam is the ultimate and final blueprint for life, sent down by Allah (swt) to Muhammad (saw), the last and final messenger for the whole of mankind. Thus, the only way of life ordained for humanity by the Creator of the universe is Islam. Allah (swt) says, “If anyone desires a deen other than Islam, never will it be accepted of him, and in the hereafter he will be in the ranks of those who have lost.” [TMQ 3:85] “Oh you who believe, fear Allah as He should be feared, and die not except in a state of Islam.” [TMQ 3:102] The Islamic ‘aqeedah is the creed of the Muslims, its basis being the understanding that Allah (swt) is the only God and Muhammad (saw) is the final messenger of Allah. It provides the answer to man’s greatest problem, i.e. what is the source and purpose of life, and it guides him to come to the realisation of what he should and should not believe in. As well, the Islamic ‘aqeedah is the driving energy from which the rules and laws to govern lifes affairs emanate. The Islamic belief is not to be viewed as a set of abstract, theoretical rules and regulations which have no bearing in life. Rather, the correct way of understanding the Islamic belief is as a creed which must be believed in and whose rules and laws must be implemented in lifes affairs.
伊斯兰教不仅是人类最重大难题的终极解决方案,还为人类如何生活提供了全面的指引。造物主已经启示了一套生活准则供人类遵循,祂没有让我们在黑暗中摸索,而是为我们提供了指引和方向。若人类不遵行这些准则,便只能任凭自身软弱易错的思想和私欲来主宰自己的事务。
Islam, as well as being the final solution for mankind’s greatest problem, has given comprehensive guidance for human beings to live their lives. The Creator has revealed a code of life for mankind to live by, and He has not left us in the dark without guidance and direction. Unless mankind applies this, he is left to the whims and desires of his own weak and fallible mind to govern his affairs.
人类的心智使人区别于一切其他受造物,无论是无生命的物质,还是有生命的植物与动物。整个宇宙,包括这一切,都依循着完美的秩序与平衡运行。水循环、行星的轨道、植物的光合作用、动物群体复杂的社会结构,这些都只是这种秩序的几个例子。然而,在这种和谐之中,我们却看到了鲜明的反差:我们周围的世界充斥着混乱与灾难。这包括社会的堕落、战争与纷争、经济上的剥削、犯罪和贫困,列举起来既丑陋又冗长。在所有这些情况中,我们可以看到,只有在人类运用自己的心智去解决生活问题的领域,才会出现这种失序。
The mind is what differentiates human beings from all other creations, be they from dead matter, or living plants or animals. The whole universe, encompassing all of these, runs on a perfect order and balance - think of the water cycle, the planetary orbits, the process of photosynthesis in plants, or the complex structures of animal societies - these are just some examples of this order. But it is amongst this harmony that we see a stark contrast; chaos and calamity in the world around us. This includes social degradation, wars and disputes, economic exploitation, crime and poverty - the list is as ugly as it is long. In all of these cases, we can see that it is only in the areas where man has applied his own mind to solving lifes problems that such disorder arises.
事实上,这些问题恰恰是因为人类忽视了伊斯兰的生活方式,而用自己的理智来决定如何管理自己的事务而产生的。如果理智真的能够创造出我们在宇宙中所看到的那种秩序,那么为什么"人类"世界会如此混乱呢?
In fact, these problems arise precisely as a result of mankind neglecting the Islamic way of life and using his own mind to decide how to run his affairs. If indeed, the mind was capable of producing the same organisation as we see in the universe, why is the ‘human’ world in such a mess?
事实上,只有那赋予自然过程以完美之律法的力量,才能在人类事务中取得同样的成效。伊斯兰的生活方式正是这个意思。它是宇宙的创造者安拉为人类制定的法度,是给人类的慈悯。
In reality, only the power that gave the laws which proffer perfection to the processes of nature can achieve the same result in the affairs of mankind. The Islamic way of life means precisely that. It is the law of the Creator of the universe, Allah (swt), for human beings - a mercy to mankind.
神圣律法(hukm shar‘i)可以定义为立法者真主(swt)关于人的行为所作的言说。真主(swt)以一种全面、详尽而完善的方式降示了神圣律法。真主(swt)说:“今天,我已为你们完善了你们的宗教,使我的恩典在你们身上圆满,并喜悦伊斯兰作你们的宗教。” [TMQ 5:3]
The divine law (hukm shari‘i) can be defined as the speech of the legislator Allah (swt), related to the actions of the people. And Allah (swt) has revealed the divine law in such a way that it is comprehensive, detailed and perfect. Allah (swt) says, “This day I have perfected your deen, bestowed My favour upon you and chosen for you al-Islam as your deen.” [TMQ 5:3]