"Madhalim"法院（不公正申诉法院）有权审理任何不公正（Madhlamah）案件，无论该案件是否涉及国家官员、国家元首偏离伊斯兰教法（Shari'ah）规则的行为、对宪法中立法文本、法律（Qanun）以及国家元首所采纳框架内其他伊斯兰教法规则的解释，还是税收的征收，或其他任何事项。

The Court of Injustice Acts (Madhalim) has the authority to investigate any case of injustice (Madhlamah), irrespective of whether it is related to officials of the State, the Head of State’s deviation from the Shari’ah rules, interpretation of the legislative texts in the constitution, law (Qanun) and other Shari’ah rules within the framework adopted by the Head of State, or the imposition of a tax, or anything else.

它的证据在于：先知（愿主赐他平安）认为统治者定价是一种不公（Madhlamah），并且看到国家在安排人们从公共水源灌溉土地的次序上的做法，是一个可能导致不公（Madhlamah）的问题。这表明，统治者的行为若与真理或伊斯兰教法规定相违背，就是一种不公（Madhlamah）；如果该行为与哈里发（国家元首）相关，便是不公，因为先知（愿主赐他平安）本人就是国家元首。若该行为与国家官员相关，同样是不公，因为他们是国家元首的代理人，因此它也与哈里发相关，因为其所涉及的是他们被委派执行的职责，而非他们个人。因此，关于定价的这段圣训证明，侵犯国家元首的行为是一种不公（Madhlamah），而不公审理院（Madhalim）是有权审查这些不公（Madhalim）的机构，这就是本文第一部分的证据。

Its evidence is that the Messenger (pbuh) considered that pricefixing by the ruler was an injustice (Madhlamah), and saw that the arrangements of the State in setting the order of people to irrigate their land from the public water was an issue that could lead to an injustice (Madhlamah). This indicates that the action of the ruler which contradicts the Truth or the Shari’ah rules is an injustice (Madhlamah) if it was connected to the Khalifah (Head of State), because the Messenger (pbuh) was the Head of State. And if it was connected to officials of the state it would also be an injustice (Madhlamah), because they are the delegates of the Head of State, and so it would also be connected to the Khalifah because it is connected to the action which they were delegated to and not to themselves as individuals. Accordingly, the narration regarding price fixing is evidence that the violation of the Head of State is an injustice (Madhlamah), and the Court of Injustices (Madhalim) is the entity which has the power to look into the injustices (Madhalim), which is the evidence for the first part of the article.

至于第二部分，即对宪法或法典文本的考察，原因在于宪法是根本大法，而法律是权威的命令，因此考察它就是考察权威的命令。所以它属于关于物价限定的那段叙述之范畴，因为这是对哈里发行为的考察。除此之外，真主(SWT)说：

As for the second part, which is the investigation into a text for the constitution or canons, it is because the constitution is the basic law, and the law is the order of the authority, and so investigating it is investigating the order of the authority. Therefore, it comes under the narration regarding price fixing since it is an investigation of the actions of the Khalifah. Above and beyond that, Allah (swt) said,.

“如果你们在任何事情上有分歧，就把它交还给真主和使者。”（TMQ 4:59），换句话说，就是你们与掌权者在某件事上存在分歧。对宪法或法律条文的分歧，是臣民与掌权者之间关于一项沙里亚律法的分歧，因此应当交还真主（SWT）和祂的使者ﷺ裁决。交还真主（SWT）和祂的使者ﷺ，就是将其提交至不义申诉法庭（Madhalim），也就是交由真主（SWT）和祂的使者ﷺ的裁决来决定。

“And if you disagree over anything, refer it to Allah and the Messenger.” (TMQ 4:59), or in other words, if you and those in authority differed over something. Differing over an article of the constitution or law is a difference between the subjects and the people of authority regarding a Shari’ah rule, and so it is referred to Allah (swt) and His Messenger – referring to Allah (swt) and His Messenger is referring it to the Court of Injustices (Madhalim), in other words, to the judgement of Allah (swt) and His Messenger .

关于文章的第三部分，使者（愿主福安之）说ﷺ：

With regards to the third part of the article, the Messenger (pbuh) said,

. » مَنْ أَخَذْتُ لَهُ مَالاً فَ هَذَا مَالِي فَ لْيَأْخُذْ مِنْه « .

. » مَنْ أَخَذْتُ لَهُ مَالاً فَ هَذَا مَالِي فَ لْيَأْخُذْ مِنْه « .

“谁从我这里拿过财物，就让他从我的财物中拿回去。”这段圣训由艾卜·雅拉从法德勒·本·阿拔斯传述，他说：

“Whoever I took property from, let him take from my property” reported by Abu Ya’la from Al-Fadl Bin Abbas, and he said,

. وَإِنِّي لأَرْجُو أَنْ أَلْقَى اللَّهَ وَلا يَطْ لُ بُنِي أَحَدٌ بِمَ ظْلِمَةٍ ظَلَمْ تُ هَا إِيَّاهُ فِي دَمٍ وَلا « » مَالٍ .

. وَإِنِّي لأَرْجُو أَنْ أَلْقَى اللَّهَ وَلا يَطْ لُ بُنِي أَحَدٌ بِمَ ظْلِمَةٍ ظَلَمْ تُ هَا إِيَّاهُ فِي دَمٍ وَلا « » مَالٍ .

“我满怀希望能够与真主相见，而你们中没有人因我所犯的涉及鲜血或财产的不义而向我索取”（艾哈迈德以安斯为传述者所载），因此哈里发无正当理由夺取臣民的财产，被视为不义（Madhlamah）；取走伊斯兰教法没有强制臣民承担的财产，同样是不义（Madhlamah）。正因如此，申冤法庭（Madhalim）有权审查赋税，因为这些赋税是从臣民手中取得的财产。对赋税的审查，只在于查明该项赋税是否为伊斯兰教法所规定、应由穆斯林承担的，例如用于救济贫困者的款项，这不构成不义（Madhlamah）；或者该项赋税并非伊斯兰教法所规定，例如为修建一座并非必要的水坝而征收的钱款，那么这就是一种必须予以消除的不义（Madhlamah）。这就是申冤法庭（Madhalim）有权审查赋税的原因。

“And I am hopeful that I will meet Allah and none of your are seeking (recompense from) me for injustice (I inflicted) involving blood or wealth,” (reported by Ahmad from Anas), and so the taking of wealth from the subjects by the Khalifah without right is considered an injustice (Madhlamah), and to take the wealth which the Shari’ah did not obligate upon the subjects is an injustice (Madhlamah), and due to this the Court of Injustices (Madhalim) can investigate the taxes since they are wealth taken from the subjects. Its investigation into the taxes is only to see whether that tax is lawfully obliged by Shari’ah upon the Muslims, such as the money taken to feed the needy, which would not be an injustice (Madhlamah), or whether that tax is not obliged by the Shari’ah, such as money taken to build a dam that is not considered essential, which would ,therefore, be an injustice (Madhlamah) that has to be removed. This is why the Court of Injustices (Madhalim) has the power to examine taxes.