第47条
Article 47
如果辅佐者处理某事务,而哈里发命令他去做,那么他必须按照哈里发的命令执行,不得增添或减少。如果哈里发之后又反对辅佐者,拒绝他已经执行的决定,那么需要审查此事:若这是他已正确执行的律法条文,或他已妥善用于其应有用途的财物,则执行辅佐者的意见,因为该意见本质上就是哈里发的意见,而哈里发不能撤销他自己已经执行的律法和已经支出的财物。若辅佐者所执行的是其他事务,例如任命总督或筹备军队,那么哈里发可以反对辅佐者,执行哈里发的意见,并取消辅佐者的行为,因为哈里发有权纠正自己的行为,因此他也可以纠正辅佐者的行为。
If the assistant conducted an issue, and the Khalifah ordered him to do it, then he must implement it as the Khalifah ordered him to do so, without any addition or deletion. If the Khalifah returned to oppose the assistant rejecting what he has already executed, then the matter is examined; if it was a rule that he had implemented properly, or wealth that he placed in of its right place, then the opinion of the assistant is implemented, since it is in origin the opinion of the Khalifah, and the Khalifah cannot revoke what he himself had implemented of rules and spent of wealth. If what the assistant had executed was in anything else, such as appointing a governor or preparation of an army, then it is permitted for the Khalifah to oppose the assistant, and the opinion of the Khalifah is implemented, and the actions of the assistant are cancelled because the Khalifah has the right to redress his own action so he may redress the actions of the assistant.
本文阐述助手如何履行其职责,以及哈里发如何审查助手的行为,并说明哈里发可以撤销哪些行为、不可以撤销哪些行为,因为助手的行为被视为哈里发的行为。其理由在于:助手被允许独立裁决,正如哈里发一样,因为裁决的条件在他身上具备;他可以审理不公之事(Madhalim),也可以委派他人审理,因为审理不公之事的条件在他身上具备;他可以亲自发动圣战(Jihad),也可以授权他人发动,因为战争的条件在他身上具备;他可以亲自执行各项事务,也可以委派他人执行,因为见解与事务管理的条件在他身上具备。然而,这并不意味着哈里发不能撤销助手所执行的任何事务,只要报告已经呈报给他。其实际含义是:助手拥有哈里发所具有的职权,但这是代表哈里发行使的,而非独立于哈里发之外。