国家监管工业的全部事务。国家直接承办那些与公共财产相关的工业部门。

The State supervises the whole affairs of industry. It directly undertakes those industries which are connected to whatever is part of the public property.

本条分为两部分：第一，对整个工业进行监督；第二，直接承办部分工业事务。至于第一部分，其证据是：使者（愿主赐其平安）同意了私人拥有鞋、剑、衣服等各类工厂的做法。

This article has two halves: firstly, supervision over the whole of industry; secondly, directly undertaking some of the industrial affairs. As for the first half its evidence is that the Messenger (pbuh) consented to private ownership of factories such as those for shoes, swords, clothes and other things:

.» اصْطَنَعَ خَاتًََا أَنَّ النَّبَِِّ «.

.» اصْطَنَعَ خَاتًََا أَنَّ النَّبَِِّ «.

“先知为他打造了一枚戒指”（由布哈里从‘Abd Allah（SWT）Bin Umar处转述）以及：

“The Prophet had a ring made for him” (reported by Al-Bukhari from ‘Abd Allah (swt) Bin Umar) and:

.» اسْتَصْنَعَ المنِْبَرَ أَنَّهُ «.

.» اسْتَصْنَعَ المنِْبَرَ أَنَّهُ «.

“他让人制作了一个讲坛”（由布哈里从萨尔德·本·萨阿德·赛迪传述）。这表明工厂是由私人经营的，而非国家经营。因此，它与农业并无不同。然而，这属于管理事务的范畴，是真主（SWT）借先知ﷺ的话所责成国家承担的职责：

“He had a pulpit made” (reported by Al-Bukhari from Sahl Bin Sa’d Al-Sa’idi). This indicates that factories are run by private individuals and not the State. Therefore, it is not different to agriculture. However, it is part of the managing of the affairs that Allah (swt) obligated upon the State with the words of the Prophet :

.» الإِمَامُ رَاعٍ وَهُوَ وَمَسْؤُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ «.

.» الإِمَامُ رَاعٍ وَهُوَ وَمَسْؤُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ «.

“伊玛目是监护人，他要为其治下的臣民负责”（布哈里从阿卜杜拉·本·欧麦尔（SWT）处所传）。因此，国家通常应当监管工业事务：依照各种允许的形式加以组织，以促进生产的发展，为产品开拓市场，保障原材料的供应，诸如此类。

“The Imam is a guardian and he is responsible for his subjects” (reported by Al-Bukhari from ‘Abd Allah (swt) Bin Umar), and so the State has to generally supervise the industrial issues by organising what is permitted according to the various styles which would assist the advancement of production, and by opening markets for it, and making sure raw materials are available, and so on.

至于后半部分，其证据是伊斯兰教法的原则：“从物者，其取得之物的裁定，同于所从出之物的裁定”；据传，圣门弟子艾奈斯说：

As for the second half, the evidence for it is the Shari’ah principle: “The factory takes the rule of what it produces”; it is reported from Anas that:

. لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الخَْمْرَ وَشَارِبهََا وَسَاقِيَهَا وَبَائِعَهَا وَمُبْتَاعَهَا وَعَاصِرَهَا وَمُعْتَصِرَهَا وَحَامِلَهَا « » وَالْمَحْمُولَةَ إِلَيْهِ .

. لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الخَْمْرَ وَشَارِبهََا وَسَاقِيَهَا وَبَائِعَهَا وَمُبْتَاعَهَا وَعَاصِرَهَا وَمُعْتَصِرَهَا وَحَامِلَهَا « » وَالْمَحْمُولَةَ إِلَيْهِ .

“安拉（SWT）诅咒了酒、饮酒者、斟酒者、卖酒者、买酒者、榨酒者、为之榨酒者、运送酒者、以及向其运送酒者。”（阿布·达乌德从伊本·欧麦尔处传述，伊本·萨昆认证其可靠。）因此，先知ﷺ禁止为制酒而榨葡萄，因为它会产出酒，尽管榨取本身是被允许的；所以这一生产过程也获得了其所产物品的裁定，而这一原则是普遍适用的。基于此，工厂也获得其所生产物品的裁定，因此生产任何被视为公共财产之物的工厂，也属于公共财产，因为它们获得了其所产之物的裁定。

“Allah (swt) has cursed wine, its drinker, its server, its seller, its buyer, its presser, the one for whom it is pressed, the one who conveys it, and the one to whom it is conveyed.” (reported by Abu Dawud from Ibn Umar and authenticated by Ibn Al-Sakn). And so the production of pressing the grapes for alcohol was prohibited by the Messenger (pbuh) because it produces alcohol, even though pressing is permitted; so the production took the rule of the material that it produced, and this is general. Based upon this, the factory takes the rule of the material it produces, and so the factories that produce anything considered part of public property are part of public property, since they take the rule of what they produce.

公有财产属于所有穆斯林，任何个人或团体都不得独自占有，以致阻止他人获得其所有权。基于这一理解，哈里发负责管理这些工厂，并阻止对其进行私人占有，因为私人占有会使他人无法获得所有权。因此，国家必须直接管理属于公有财产的工厂，例如石油开采、钢铁和黄金矿场等。然而，就其收入、支出及其他事务而言，它被视为一项特定的利益，其利润被存入国库（Bayt Al-Mal）中为其专设的部分，因为它不被视为国家财产，而是属于公有财产的一部分。

Public property belongs to all the Muslims, and it is not allowed for an individual or group of individuals to independently own it such that others are prevented from its ownership. From this understanding, the Khalifah is the one who manages these factories and prevents private ownership of them, since private ownership would prevent others from being able to gain ownership, and, therefore, the State has to directly manage the factories which are part of public property, such as those for oil extraction, steel and gold mining and so on. However, it is treated as a specific interest in terms of its income, expenditure and the rest of its affairs, and its profits are placed in the Bayt Al-Mal in a section specified for it, since it is not considered to be part of the State property, but rather part of public property.