警察（Shurtah）分为两个部门：一是军事警察，隶属于圣战指挥官（Amir of Jihad），也就是战争部；二是维护治安的警察，隶属于统治者，受内政安全部门的领导。这两个部门各自接受专门的训练，并培养相应的职业文化，以便它们能以最佳方式履行各自的职责。

The police (Shurtah) have two branches: the military police, who are under the command of the Amir of Jihad, in other words, the war department, and the police who are under the control of the Ruler to protect the security, and they are under the authority of the Department of Internal Security. The two branches have specific training and specific culture in order for them to carry out their responsibilities in the best manner.

警察部队分为两部分：宪兵，以及在统治者指挥下工作的警察。他们必须穿着专门的制服，并佩戴专门用于维护治安的特殊标志。

Police forces are divided into two parts: the military police and the police that work under the command of the Ruler, who must have a special uniform and special signs specific for keeping security.

阿扎里说:“任何事物的Shurtah(精锐)是其最优秀的部分。Shurat(精锐士兵)也包括在内,因为他们是最优秀的士兵。也有人说,Shurtah是最先走在军队前面的一群人。还有人提到,他们被称为Shuratan,是因为他们有使其与众不同的标志,在服饰和地位方面皆是如此。”阿斯玛仪也选择了这一说法。《Al-Qamus》中也提到:“Shurtah,个人称为Shurat,指的是最先参加战斗、随时准备赴死的先锋营,也是统治者的助手;之所以这样称呼,是因为他们通过特定的标志来彰显自己。”至于军事警察,它是军队的分支之一,有其自身的标志,走在军队前面以管理军中事务,它是军队的一部分,听命于圣战指挥官;换言之,它隶属于战争部门。

Al-Azhari said: “Shurtah of any thing is its best. This includes Shurat because they are the best soldiers. It is also said that Shurtah are the first group that come ahead of the Army. It is also mentioned that they are called Shuratan because they have signs that characterise them, in terms of uniform and status”, this is also chosen by Al-Asma’i. It is also mentioned in Al-Qamus: “Shurtah, where the individual is called Shurat, would mean the first battalion that attend the war and is ready for death, it is also the helper of the governors; and they were called so because they announced themselves through signs that characterise them.” In regards to the military police, which is one of the divisions of the Army that has its sign, it comes ahead of the Army to control its matters, it is a part of the Army and follows the Amir of Jihad; in other words, it follows the war department.

关于那些受统治者差遣、听从其调度的警察，他们隶属于内务安全部门。布哈里（Al-Bukhari）引用安斯（Anas）的话说：“盖斯·本·萨阿德（Qais ibn Sa'd）曾站在先知ﷺ面前，其地位相当于君主的警卫长。”

Regarding the police that are put under the service of the rulers, they follow the Department of Internal Security. Al- Bukhari narrated from Anas: . بِمَنْزِلَةِ صَاحِبِ الشُّ رَطِ إِنَّ قَ يْسَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ كَانَ يَكُونُ بَ يْنَ يَدَيِ النَّبِيِّ « » مِنَ الأَمِيرِ .

“قَيْس بن سعد كان للنبي ﷺ بمنزلة صاحب الشرطة من الأمير”。这里所指的是قيس بن سعد بن عبادة الأنصاري الخزرجي。رواه الترمذي بلفظ： Wait — I must translate into Chinese (Simplified), not Arabic. Corrected: “قays 宾·萨阿德 对先知ﷺ而言，就如同警察局长之于埃米尔”。这里所指的是盖斯·伊本·萨阿德·伊本·欧巴达·安萨里·赫兹拉吉（Qays Ibn Sa’d Ibn ’Ubadah Al-Ansari Al-Khazraji）。提尔米兹（Al-Tirmidhi）以如下措辞记载了此段：

“Qais bin Sa`d was to the Prophet (phuh) like a chief police officer to an Amir”. What is meant here is Qays Ibn Sa’d Ibn ’Ubadah Al-Ansari Al-Khazraji. Al-Tirmidhi narrated it with the wording:

. بِمَنْزِلَةِ صَاحِبِ الشُّرَطِ مِنَ الأَمِيرِ، قَالَ كَانَ قَ يْسُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ « » الأَنْصَارِيُّ: يَ عْنِي مِمَّا يَلِي مِنْ أُمُورِه .

. بِمَنْزِلَةِ صَاحِبِ الشُّرَطِ مِنَ الأَمِيرِ، قَالَ كَانَ قَ يْسُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ « » الأَنْصَارِيُّ: يَ عْنِي مِمَّا يَلِي مِنْ أُمُورِه .

“Qais bin Sa`d was to the Prophet ﷺ like a chief police officer to an Amir. Al-Ansari said: It means he was one that discharged his issues”. Note on the translation of the source: the source text is in English, so this is my translation into Simplified Chinese: Qais bin Sa`d 对于先知ﷺ，就如同一位警务长官对于一位埃米尔（Amir）。Al-Ansari 说：这意味着他是负责处理先知事务的人。

“Qais bin Sa`d was to the Prophet (phuh) like a chief police officer to an Amir. Al-Ansari said: It means he was one that discharged his issues”.

哈里发有权将负责内部安全的所有警察部门归入军队，也就是把它们置于战争部之下；他同样有权设立一个独立的部门，也就是内部安全部。

The Khalifah is allowed to make all the police that are responsible for internal security part of the Army, in other words, that they are placed within the war department, and he is also permitted to make an independent department, in other words, an internal security department.

在本文中，采纳的做法是：这一部门保持独立；换言之，被安置于统治者之下、负责保卫其安全的警察，必须隶属于内部安全部门，作为一个独立机构，如同国家其他机构一样直接对哈里发负责。这是依据前文提及的、关于盖斯·本·萨阿德的圣门弟子安斯传述，以及前文提到的与圣战相关的四个部门的独立性。它们各自都应隶属于哈里发，而不是全部合并为一个机构。因此，警察（Shurtah）应隶属于内部安全部门。

In this article it is adopted that this section will be independent; in other words, the police that are placed under the service of the rulers to protect their security must follow the Internal Security Department as an independent organisation that answer directly to the Khalifah like other State organisations. This is due to the narration from Anas mentioned previously about Qays Ibn Sa'd, and following the independence of the four departments related to Jihad as mentioned before. Each one of them would follow the Khalifah, rather than to be left all together as one organisation. Thus the Shurtah would follow the Department of Internal Security.