第60条 - 《哈里发国草案宪法》 | System Of Islam

第60条 - 《哈里发国草案宪法》 | System Of Islam

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第60条

Article 60

by Sheikh Taqiuddin An-Nabahani2 min readViewed 164 times

哈里发必须严格审查各省总督的施政行为，并持续评估他们的履职表现。他应当委派人员监督其状况、进行调查，并定期召集全部或部分总督，倾听臣民对他们的申诉。

The Khalifah must examine the actions of the governors and continually assess their performance strictly. He must deputise people to monitor their situations, investigate them, and periodically gather all or some of them, and listen to the complaints of the subjects regarding them.

已确认,先知(ﷺ)在任命总督时会对他们进行考核,正如他对穆阿兹和艾卜·穆萨所做的那样;并且他还向他们讲解应当如何处理事务,正如他在致阿姆尔·本·哈兹姆的书信中所做的那样。这封书信在学者中广为人知,伊本·阿萨基尔在《大马士革史》中有所提及,哈菲兹在《伊萨巴》中也有记载。

It is confirmed that the Prophet (phuh) used to test the governors when he appointed them as he did with Mu’adh and Abu Musa, and explained to them how they should proceed as he did with Amr b. Hazm in his message famous amongst the people of knowledge as mentioned by Ibn ’Asakir in Tarikh Damascus and Al-Hafiz said in Al-Isaba.

. » ... عمرو بن حزم على نج ران واس تعمل النبي ...«.

. » ... عمرو بن حزم على نج ران واس تعمل النبي ...«.

“……先知（ﷺ）任命阿穆尔·本·哈兹姆（Amr Bin Hazam）管理奈季兰（Najran）……”据传他写给阿穆尔的信中，内容涉及义务、血金（blood money）以及其他事项，由阿布·达乌德（Abu Dawud）、奈萨伊（Al-Nasa’i）、伊本·罕拔尔（Ibn Hibban）和达里米（Al-Darimi）等人转述。

“…and the Prophet (phuh) appointed Amr Bin Hazam over Najran…” and it is reported from him that the message he wrote to him was regarding the obligations and blood money and other issues, as narrated by Abu Dawud and Al-Nasa’i, Ibn Hibban and Al-Darimi and others.

رَجُلاً مِنْ بَنِي أَسْدٍ ي قَُالُ لَهُ ابْنُ اللُّتَبِيَّةِ عَلَى صَ دَقَ ةٍ فَ لَمَّ ا اسْ تَ عْمَلَ النَّبِيُّ « عَلَى الْمِنْ بَرِ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ أَيْضًا قَ دِمَ قَ الَ هَ ذَا لَكُمْ وَهَ ذَا أُهْدِيَ لِي فَ قَامَ النَّبِيُّ فَصَعِدَ الْمِنْ بَ رَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْ نَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا بَالُ الْعَامِلِ نَ بْ عَ ثُ هُ فَ يَأْتِي. يَ قُولُ هَ ذَا لَكَ وَهَ ذَا لِي فَ هَلاَّ جَلَسَ فِي بَ يْتِ أَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ فَ يَ نْ ظُ رُ أَي هُْدَى لَهُ أَمْ لاَ وَالَّذِي نَ فْسِي بِيَدِهِ لاَ يَأْتِي بِشَيْءٍ إِلاَّ جَاءَ بِهِ يَ وْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَحْمِلُهُ عَلَى رَقَ بَ تِ هِ إِنْ كَانَ بَعِيرًا لَهُ رُغَاءٌ أَوْ ب قَرَةً لَهَا » خُوَارٌ أَوْ شَاةً تَ يْ عَرُ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ حَتَّى رَأَيْ نَا عُفْرَتَيْ إِبْطَيْهِ أَلاَ هَلْ بَ لَّغْتُ ثَلاَث اً .

رَجُلاً مِنْ بَنِي أَسْدٍ ي قَُالُ لَهُ ابْنُ اللُّتَبِيَّةِ عَلَى صَ دَقَ ةٍ فَ لَمَّ ا اسْ تَ عْمَلَ النَّبِيُّ « عَلَى الْمِنْ بَرِ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ أَيْضًا قَ دِمَ قَ الَ هَ ذَا لَكُمْ وَهَ ذَا أُهْدِيَ لِي فَ قَامَ النَّبِيُّ فَصَعِدَ الْمِنْ بَ رَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْ نَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا بَالُ الْعَامِلِ نَ بْ عَ ثُ هُ فَ يَأْتِي. يَ قُولُ هَ ذَا لَكَ وَهَ ذَا لِي فَ هَلاَّ جَلَسَ فِي بَ يْتِ أَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ فَ يَ نْ ظُ رُ أَي هُْدَى لَهُ أَمْ لاَ وَالَّذِي نَ فْسِي بِيَدِهِ لاَ يَأْتِي بِشَيْءٍ إِلاَّ جَاءَ بِهِ يَ وْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَحْمِلُهُ عَلَى رَقَ بَ تِ هِ إِنْ كَانَ بَعِيرًا لَهُ رُغَاءٌ أَوْ ب قَرَةً لَهَا » خُوَارٌ أَوْ شَاةً تَ يْ عَرُ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ حَتَّى رَأَيْ نَا عُفْرَتَيْ إِبْطَيْهِ أَلاَ هَلْ بَ لَّغْتُ ثَلاَث اً .

“先知（愿主福安之）委派一位来自阿兹德部落、名叫伊本·鲁提比叶的人担任天课征收员。这人回来时（带着所征之物）说：‘真主的使者啊！这是给您的，那是给我的，因为有人把它当作礼物送给了我。’真主的使者ﷺ站上讲坛，赞颂真主，颂扬祂，然后说：‘我委派一个人去做事，他回来却说：“这是给您的，那是有人送给我的礼物”？他为什么不待在他父亲的家里或他母亲的家里，看看是否有人会送礼物给他呢？指着穆罕默德生命所在的真主起誓，你们中任何人若非法取得了什么，他在复活日都会背负着它而来；我在复活日绝不会认出你们中任何人背着一匹嘶鸣的骆驼、一头哞叫的牛或一只咩咩叫的羊而来。’接着，他举起双手，直到我们能看见他腋下的白色。然后他连说三次：‘主啊！我是否已传达了（祢的命令）？’”（一致公认的圣训）

“The Prophet (phuh) employed a man from the tribe of Al- Azd named Ibn Lutbiyyah as collector of Zakat. When the employee returned (with the collections) he said: " O Prophet (phuh) ! This is for you and this is mine because it was presented to me as gift." Messenger of Allah (pbuh) rose to the pulpit and praised Allah and extolled Him. Then he said, "I employ a man to do a job and he comes and says: 'This is for you and this has been presented to me as gift'? Why did he not remain in the house of his father or the house of his mother and see whether gifts will be given to him or not? By Allah in Whose Hand is the life of Muhammad, if any one of you took anything wrongfully, he will bring it on the Day of Resurrection, carrying it on (his back), I will not recognize anyone of you, on the Day of Resurrection with a grunting camel, or a bellowing cow, or a bleating ewe." Then he raised his hands till we could see the whiteness of his armpits. Then he said thrice, ''O Allah ! have I conveyed (Your Commandments” (agreed upon narration).