统治者分为四类：哈里发（Khalifah）、受托的副手、总督，以及工作人员（'amil），凡属于同一规定者亦然。至于其他任何人，则不被视为统治者，而只是雇员。

There are four types of rulers: the Khalifah, the delegated assistant, the governor, and the worker (’amil), and whoever falls under the same rule. As for anyone else, they are not considered rulers, but rather employees.

在本文中，所谓“统治者”，是指掌握权力、负责管理事务的人，无论其治理范围是整个国家还是国家的一部分。通过对伊斯兰教法规则的推演，被授权负责管理事务、制定法律、并且在执行法律方面须被服从的人有四类：哈里发、辅佐官（代理部长）、总督和阿米勒；他们因其统治地位而须被服从。

The ruler in the article is the one holding authority who is responsible for governing the affairs, irrespective of whether the governance was for the whole State or for a part of it. Through deduction from the Shari’ah rules, the ones who are made responsible for governing the affairs, establishing the laws and are to be obeyed with respect to their implementation of the laws are these four: the Khalifah, the assistant (delegate minister), the governor, and the Amil; and they are to be obeyed due to their position of rule.

关于哈里发（Khalifah），他是由乌玛（Ummah，即民族）授予宣誓效忠的人，作为他们的代表来建立迪恩（Deen，即宗教），因此他执行哈杜德（hudud，即固定刑罚），施行法律，并进行圣战（Jihad），并且他应当被服从：

With regards to the Khalifah, he is the man who is given the pledge by the Ummah (nation) to establish the Deen (religion)as their representative, and so he establishes the hudud, implements the laws, and carries out the Jihad, and he is owed obedience: