第186条
Article 186
政治上最重要的方法之一,是在治理个人、民族和国家的事务中彰显伊斯兰思想的伟大。
One of the most important political methods is the manifestation of the greatness of the Islamic thoughts in governing the affairs of individuals, nations and states.
本条款属于伊斯兰国必须履行的事务之一,因为它是义务而非仅仅允许之事。这是因为,国家有责任以引人注目的方式传播伊斯兰的讲述,正如安拉(SWT)所说:
This Article is part of what the Islamic State must undertake since it is obligatory and not simply permissible. That is because it is the duty of the State to carry the call to Islam in a manner which attracts attention, because Allah (swt) said:
“而你只需明白地传达。”(TMQ 24:54),而“Mubeen”(明白)一词是一种与律例相关的描述(Wasf Mufhim),因此它对传达构成了限定。以能够引起关注的方式传达伊斯兰的呼吁,只有通过彰显伊斯兰思想的伟大才能做到。伊斯兰伟大的思想包括:伊斯兰国对待齐米(Dhimmi)、获得安全保障者(Musta’man)以及有盟约者的方式;统治者是伊斯兰教法的执行者,而不是凌驾于人民之上的独裁者;以及乌玛以完全的纪律约束统治者。因此,正如乌玛有义务监督统治者,同样有义务服从他即使他对其施行压迫,禁止在罪恶中服从他,乌玛完全有权反抗他,如果他明显表现出公开的背信(kufr),则有义务起来反抗。统治者与被统治者在一切事务上是平等的,乌玛可以像对待任何其他个人那样,就任何权利向任何法官控告他;如果他在执政时违背伊斯兰教法,乌玛可以向申冤法官(Qadi al-Mazalim)控诉他。此外还有其他类似性质的伊斯兰思想,因此有义务将它们彰显出来,并突出其伟大,直至伊斯兰的伟大得以展现,直至以能够引起关注的方式传达伊斯兰的呼吁。彰显这些思想不属于政治的风格,而属于政治的方法。
“And there is not upon the Messenger (pbuh) except [the duty of] clear notification.” (TMQ 24:54), and the word Mubeen is a description indicative of relation to the Hukm (Wasf Mufhim), and consequently it is a restriction for the conveyance. Conveying the call to Islam in a manner which attracts attention cannot be achieved except through the manifestation of the greatness of the Islamic thoughts. Amongst the great Islamic thoughts are the way that the Islamic State deals with the Dhimmi, the one given amnesty, and the one who has a covenant, and the fact that the ruler is an implementer of the Shari’ah and not a dictator over them, and the fact that the Ummah accounts the ruler with complete discipline. So in the same manner that it is obligatory upon the Ummah to account the ruler, it is obligatory to obey him even if oppressed, and it is forbidden for it to obey him in a sin, and it has the full right to revolt against him, and it is obligatory to revolt if he showed clear disbelief. And the ruler and the ruled are equal in all affairs, and the Ummah can complain against him as they would against any other individual regarding any right in front of any judge, and they can complain about him to the judge of Madhalim if he contradicts the Shari’ah while ruling. And there are other Islamic thoughts of such nature, so accordingly it is obligatory to manifest them and accentuate their greatness until the greatness of Islam is displayed and until the call to Islam is conveyed in a manner which attracts attention. The manifestation of these thoughts is not from the political style rather they are from the political methods.
此外,伊斯兰教法规定,在伝达伊斯兰的召唤之前,实际上不允许与不信道者作战。泰巴拉尼在《大全》(Al-Kabir)中引述法尔瓦·本·穆赛克的话说:
In addition to that, the Shari’ah rule is that practically fighting the disbelievers is not permitted until after the call to Islam has been conveyed to them: Al-Tabarani reported in Al-Kabir from Farwah b. Mosaik who said:
. فَ قُلْ تُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أُقَاتِلُ بِمَنْ أَقْ بَلَ مِنْ قَ وْمِي مَنْ ،أَتَ يْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ « نَ عَمْ"، فَ لَمَّا أَدْبَ رَ دَعَاهُ، فَ قَالَ: ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى الإِسْلامِ فَإِنْ أَبَ وْا "«: أَدْبَ رَ مِنْ هُمْ؟ قَالَ » فَ قَاتِلْهُمْ .
. فَ قُلْ تُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أُقَاتِلُ بِمَنْ أَقْ بَلَ مِنْ قَ وْمِي مَنْ ،أَتَ يْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ « نَ عَمْ"، فَ لَمَّا أَدْبَ رَ دَعَاهُ، فَ قَالَ: ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى الإِسْلامِ فَإِنْ أَبَ وْا "«: أَدْبَ رَ مِنْ هُمْ؟ قَالَ » فَ قَاتِلْهُمْ .
“我说:‘真主的使者啊,我是否应当与那些已经接受伊斯兰的人,以及拒绝接受的人作战?’他说:‘是的。’我转身离开后,他叫住我,说:‘在你未曾召请他们信仰伊斯兰之前,不要与他们作战。’”提尔米兹也记载了类似的内容。还有来自伊本·阿拔斯的记载:
“I said O Messenger of Allah (pbuh) ; Shall I fight with those (of my people) who accepted Islam the others who refused it? He said Yes. After I turned around he called me and said: Do not fight them until you have called them to Islam”. And Al-Tirmidhi reported something similar. And from Ibn ‘Abbas:
. » قَ وْماً حَتَّى دَعَاهُمْ مَا قَاتَلَ رَسُ ولُ اللهِ «.
. » قَ وْماً حَتَّى دَعَاهُمْ مَا قَاتَلَ رَسُ ولُ اللهِ «.
“使者穆罕默德ﷺ在未先向他们传达伊斯兰的召唤之前,从未与任何人作战”(由阿德-达里迈、艾哈迈德和哈基姆记录)。这是在开战前必须先进行伊斯兰召唤的依据。而要使伊斯兰的召唤完整,就必须以能够引起人们关注的方式向他们传达。由此可见,展示伊斯兰思想的伟大是一项义务,因为以能引起关注的方式传达,正是通过这一点才能实现的。因此,这属于方法层面的规则,而不属于形式风格层面的规则。
“The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) did not fight any people until he called them” (reported by Al-Darimi, Ahmad and Al-Hakim). This is evidence for the obligation of the call to Islam before fighting. And for the call to Islam to be complete, it is imperative that the conveyance of the call to Islam to them be done in a way that attracts attention. From this, the issue of presenting the greatness of the Islamic thoughts is an obligation, because the conveyance in a manner which attracts attention is achieved through it. Therefore, it is from the rules regarding the method, and not from the styles.