省长作为哈里发的授权代表，拥有统治的强制性权力，并对其省内各部门的事务负有责任，因此他在本省拥有与州长在国家中所拥有的一切权力。他领导本省的民众，并掌管与之相关的一切事务，但财政、司法和军队除外。然而，就执行层面而言，警察归其领导；就行政层面而言，则不归其领导。

The governor has the mandatory powers of ruling and responsibility over the tasks of the departments in his governorship as a delegate of the Khalifah, so he has all the powers in his province that the assistant has in the State. He has leadership over the people of his province and control over everything that is connected with it apart from the finances, judiciary and Army. However, the police come under his leadership from the angle of implementation not administration.

其证据在于：总督是哈里发在其所任职位上的代理人，因此他在该职位上拥有哈里发所具有的必要权力；如果他的总督职务是全面性的，那么他在总管事务方面与助理相似，换言之，他在该职位上被授予了全面的管理权。如果他的总督职务是专门性的，那么他仅在其被任命负责的特定事务上拥有管理权，而在此之外则不具有必要的管理权力。

Its evidence is that the governor is the delegate of the Khalifah in the position that he was appointed to and so he has the mandatory powers of the Khalifah in that position, and he is similar to the assistant with respect to the general control if his governorship was a general one; in other words, he has been given the general control in that position. He has specific control in the issues that he was appointed to alone if his governorship was specific, and he has no mandatory powers for control in other than that.

先知（愿主福安之）曾经委任一些人担任无限制的统治职位，例如他派穆阿兹前往也门，并让他负责拜功和天课。也有一些人被委任在某一特定方面的职务，例如他委任法尔瓦·本·马西克管理穆拉德部落、马西杰部落和祖拜德，并派哈立德·本·赛义德·本·阿斯与他一同负责天课。因此，穆阿兹拥有对拜功和天课的全面管理权，而法尔瓦·本·马西克的职权仅限于拜功，哈立德·本·赛义德的职权则仅限于天课。

The Messenger (pbuh) used to appoint the governors to unrestricted governorships in ruling, such as when he sent Mu’adh to Yemen and made him in charge of the prayer and Sadaqah. And some were appointed a specific governorship in a particular aspect, such as when he appointed Farwah Bin Masyak over the tribes Murad and Mathij and Zabid, and sent Khalid Bin Said Bin Al-’Aas with him over the charity. Accordingly, Mu’adh had a general governorship over the prayer and charity, whereas the governorship of Farwah Bin Masyak was specific to the prayer, and that of Khalid Bin Said to the charity.

同样地,使者(ﷺ)也曾派遣一些总督,却不教导他们如何处理事务。他(ﷺ)派阿里·本·阿比·塔利卜(愿安拉喜悦他)前往也门,却什么也没有教导他,因为他(ﷺ)了解阿里的为人和能力。他(ﷺ)也派遣过另一些人,并教导他们如何处理事务——他(ﷺ)派穆阿兹(愿安拉喜悦他)前往也门,并对他说:

In the same manner, the Messenger (pbuh) would send some governors and not teach them how to proceed - he sent ’Ali b. Abi Talib (ra) to Yemen and did not teach him anything due to his (pbuh) knowledge of him and his capability. He would send others and teach them how to proceed – he (pbuh) sent Mu’adh to Yemen and he said to him.

. كَيْفَ تَ قْضِي إِنْ عَرَضَ لَكَ قَضَاءٌ قَالَ أَقْضِي بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ قَالَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ « فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ قَالَ فَسُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَل ى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي سَنَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ أَجْتَهِدُ رَأْيِي وَلَا آلُو قَالَ فَضَرَبَ صَدْرِي فَ قَالَ » الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي وَفَّقَ رَسُولَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِمَا ي رُْضِي رَسُولَه .

. كَيْفَ تَ قْضِي إِنْ عَرَضَ لَكَ قَضَاءٌ قَالَ أَقْضِي بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ قَالَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ « فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ قَالَ فَسُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَل ى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي سَنَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ أَجْتَهِدُ رَأْيِي وَلَا آلُو قَالَ فَضَرَبَ صَدْرِي فَ قَالَ » الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي وَفَّقَ رَسُولَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِمَا ي رُْضِي رَسُولَه .

“你将以什么来裁决？”他说：“以安拉的经典。”他说：“如果你在经典中找不到依据呢？”他说：“那就以安拉的使者（愿主福安之）的逊奈。”他说：“如果你在逊奈中也找不到依据呢？”他说：“我就运用自己的见解。”于是安拉的使者ﷺ说：“赞美安拉，祂引导安拉使者的使节，走向使安拉的使者满意的道路。”（艾哈迈德、提尔米兹、达里米和艾布·达伍德所载，文字以艾哈迈德的版本为准。）伊本·古达美在《穆国尼》中提到了与此相似的内容，阿米迪在《伊哈卡姆》中也有类似记载，因此这段圣训是广为流传的（mashhur），公认的学者也采纳了它，故从这个角度看，它被视为可靠的（Hasan）。

“What will you rule by?” He said: “By the Book of Allah.” He said: “What if you do not find the rule?” He said: “By the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh).” He said: “What if you do not find the rule?” He said: “I will exert my own opinion.” Upon this the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said: “Praise be to Allah Who guided the envoy of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) to what satisfies His Messenger” (reported by Ahmad, Al-Tirmidhi, Al-Darimi and Abu Dawud, with the wording from Ahmad). Ibn Qudama mentioned similar to it in Al-Mughni and Al-Amidi in Al-Ihkam, so the narration is mashhur, and recognised scholars have taken it, and so from this angle it is considered Hasan.

因此，任命总督（包括全面授权的总督或特定事务的总督）是被允许的；同样，无论是详细地还是概括地向他们说明如何履行其职责，也是被允许的。

Accordingly, it is permitted to appoint governors to general governorships or specific ones, as it is permitted to explain to them how to carry out their work in detail or in general.

虽然哈里发可以任命总督，既可以是全面总督，也可以是特定职权的总督，但据记载，穆阿维叶在欧斯曼（愿真主喜悦他）时期就已脱离哈里发而独立，欧斯曼对他的权威并不明显。欧斯曼死后发生了内乱，因为穆阿维叶在沙姆地区的所有事务上都拥有治理之权。同时，据记载，自阿拔斯王朝哈里发衰弱之时起，各省便出现独立，以至于哈里发对它们已无权威，只剩下礼拜中为他祈祷、以他的名义铸造钱币。由此可见，授予全面总督之权给国家带来了危害，因此总督的职权应限定于不会导致脱离哈里发的范围之内。由于军队、财政和司法是促成独立的因素：军队是力量所在，财政是维持生计的支柱，司法则彰显权利的保护与刑罚的执行，所以总督的职权应是特定的，排除司法、军队和财政，因为若这些权力掌握在总督手中，就可能造成独立的危险，进而危及国家的安全。基于此，本条的第二部分得以拟定。

Though it is permitted for the Khalifah to appoint governors to a general governorship, and to a specific governorship, it is confirmed from the general governorship of Mu’awiyah that he become independent of the Khalifah at the time of ’Uthman (ra), and the authority of ’Uthman over him was not apparent. After the death of ’Uthman (ra), the Fitnah occurred because Mu’awiyah had powers of ruling in all issues in the land of Al-Sham. And it is confirmed since the days of the weakness of the Abbasid Khulafaa’ that independence of governorates occurred, to the point that the Khalifah had no authority over them except for prayers being made and money being stamped in his name. From this, the bestowing of general governorships caused harm to the Islamic State, and for that reason the governorship of the governor is specific to that which does not lead to independence from the Khalifah. Since it is the Army, finances, and judiciary which enable the independence, because the Army is the power, and the finance is the support for life, and the judiciary makes apparent the protection of the rights and the establishment of the punishments, so accordingly the governorship for the governors is a specific governorship in other than the judiciary, Army and finance, since if they are in the hands of the governor, they can cause the danger of independence, and what that entails for the security of the State. Based upon this the second part of this article was drafted.

至于最后一部分，州长是统治者，他必须拥有执行的权力，因此警察归他领导，他对警察的领导是全面的，正如他对除上述三项之外的一切事务的领导是全面的一样。然而，警察被视为军队的一部分，所以其行政事务归他们管辖，但仍处于州长的掌控之下。

As for the final part, the governor is a ruler and it is imperative that he has the power of execution and for this reason the police are under his leadership and his leadership over it is comprehensive in the same manner it is comprehensive over all issues apart from the three just mentioned. However, the police are considered a part of the Army, so its administration is under them, but it is under the control of the governor.