法官只能在庭审中作出判决，任何证据和誓言也只能在庭审中予以考虑。

The judge can only give a verdict in a court session, and any evidence and oaths can only be considered in the court session.

其依据是“Abd Allah Bin Al-Zubayr”所传述的，他说：

Its evidence is what is narrated by ‘Abd Allah Bin Al- Zubayr who said,

.» أَنَّ الْخَصْمَيْنِ يَ قْعُدَانِ بَ يْنَ يَدَيِ الْحَكَمِ قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ « .

.» أَنَّ الْخَصْمَيْنِ يَ قْعُدَانِ بَ يْنَ يَدَيِ الْحَكَمِ قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ « .

“使者（愿主赐予他平安）命令两位诉讼人坐在法官面前（在他的手前）。”（由艾哈迈德和艾布·达伍德转述，措辞依艾布·达伍德的版本）。这段圣训说明了裁决进行的形式，而这种形式本身就是合法的。司法程序必须有一种特定的形式，即争议双方坐在统治者面前，这就是庭审。因此，这是司法程序有效性的一个条件，也就是说，裁决必须在特定的集会中进行，裁决才有效，而这一集会就是争议双方坐在统治者面前。阿里（愿主喜悦他）的传述也支持这一点，当时使者（愿主赐予他平安）对他说：

“The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) commanded that the two litigants sit in front of the judge (between his hands) .” (reported by Ahmad and Abu Dawud with the wording from Abu Dawud). This narration explains the form in which judgement is carried out and it is a lawful form in itself. There must be a specific form in which the judicial process be conducted, which is for the two disputing parties to sit before the ruler, and this would be the court session. Therefore, this is a condition for the validity of the judicial process i.e. it is imperative that there be a specific assembly where the judgement is to be conducted for it to be a valid judgement and this would be for the two disputing parties to sit before a ruler. This is supported by the narration of Ali (ra) when the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said to him:

. يَا عَلِيُّ، إِذَا جَلَسَ إِلَيْكَ الْخَصْمَانِ فَلاَ تَ قْضِ بَ يْ نَ هُمَا حَتَّى تَسْمَعَ مِنَ الآخَرِ « » كَمَا سَمِعْتَ مِنَ الأَوَّلِ .

. يَا عَلِيُّ، إِذَا جَلَسَ إِلَيْكَ الْخَصْمَانِ فَلاَ تَ قْضِ بَ يْ نَ هُمَا حَتَّى تَسْمَعَ مِنَ الآخَرِ « » كَمَا سَمِعْتَ مِنَ الأَوَّلِ .

“哦，阿里，当两位诉讼者坐在你面前时，在你听完另一方的陈述之前，不要做出判决，就像你听完第一方的陈述那样。”（由艾哈迈德记载），这也说明了这一具体措辞出自他的话语。

“O ‘Ali, When two litigants sit in front of you, do not decide till you hear what the other has to say as you heard what the first had to say.” (reported by Ahmad), which also explains the specific form with his words.

. إذَا جَلَسَ إيليكَ الخَصْمَا ي ن .

. إذَا جَلَسَ إيليكَ الخَصْمَا ي ن .

“当两位诉讼人坐在你面前”。因此，开庭是判决有效的一个条件，同样，它也是誓言得以被考虑的一个条件，这是因为先知ﷺ的话语。

“when two litigants sit in front of you”. So the court session is a condition for the validity of the judgement, and in the same manner it is a condition for the consideration of the oaths, due to the words of the Messenger (pbuh).

. » وَلَكِنَّ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ « .

. » وَلَكِنَّ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ « .

“且誓言应由被控告的一方（被告）承担”（一致公认，出自伊本·阿拔斯），而只有在法庭审理中，才会出现“被控告”这一属性。同样，除非在法庭审理中提出，否则证据不会被采纳，这是基于先知ﷺ的话语。

“and the oath is upon the one who was accused (defendant)” (agreed upon from Ibn Abbas), and he would not have this attribute, the attribute of being accused, except in a court session. In the same manner, there would be no consideration for evidence unless given in a court session, due to the words of the Messenger (pbuh).

. » الْبَ يِّ نَةُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي « .

. » الْبَ يِّ نَةُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي « .

“举证责任在于提出主张者（原告）”（由奥马尔之子伯伊哈基引述，其传述链可靠，伊本·哈哲尔如是说），而且这一属性只有在法庭审理中才会被赋予。

“The onus of proof is upon the claimant (plaintiff)” (reported by Al-Bayhaqi with an authentic chain as Ibn Hajar said), and this attribute would not be given except in the court session.