战争部是国家的机构之一，其负责人被称为“圣战的埃米尔”，而不是“圣战的管理者”。这是因为先知（PBUH）曾将埃米尔的称号授予军队的领导者。伊本·萨阿德（Ibn Sa’d）记载：安拉的使者（PBUH）说：ﷺ

The war department is one of the State’s organisations, and its head is called the amir of jihad, rather than the manager of jihad. This is because the Messenger (PBUH) used to give to the leaders of the army the names of amirs.. Ibn Sa’d narrated that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: .

“人们的统帅是栽德·本·哈里萨；如果他被杀，统帅是贾尔法尔·本·艾比·塔利卜；如果他也被杀，统帅是阿卜杜拉·本·鲁瓦哈；如果他也被杀，让穆斯林从他们中间推选一人，立他为统帅。”

The amir of the people is Zayd ibn Haritha; if he was killed then the amir is Ja’far ibn Abi Talib; and if was killed the amir is Abdullah ibn Ruwahah; and if was killed let the Muslims choose one man from among them and make him their amir.” .

布哈里辑录，阿布杜拉·本·欧麦尔（愿真主喜悦他）说：

Al-Bukhari narrated that Abdullah ibn ‘Umar (ra) said: .

“安拉的使者ﷺ任命宰德·本·哈里萨为穆塔战役的艾米尔……”布哈里传述了萨拉马·本·阿克瓦的圣训：“我与宰德一同出征，他被任命为我们的艾米尔。”

“The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) appointed Zayd ibn Haritha as amir in the expedition of Mu’tah…” Al-Bukhari narrated has from the hadith of Salamah ibn Al-Akwa’: “I went on an expedition with Zayd; he was appointed amir over us”. .

布哈里和穆斯林辑录，阿卜杜拉·本·欧麦尔（愿真主喜悦他）说：

Al-Bukhari and Muslim narrated that Abdullah ibn ‘Umar (ra) said: .

先知ﷺ派遣了一支军队，并任命乌萨马·本·宰德为其长官。有些人诋毁他的领导权，于是先知ﷺ说：

The Prophet (PBUH) sent an army and appointed Usama ibn Zayd as an amir over them. So some people defamed his leadership, so the Prophet (PBUH) said: .

“如果你诋毁他的领导权，那你也就诋毁了他父亲之前的领导权。以真主发誓！他配得上领导之位……”[布哈里《圣训实录》，第4250条；穆斯林《圣训实录》，第2436条]。圣门弟子们把穆塔之役的军队称为“诸位艾米尔的军队”。穆斯林转述自伊本·布赖达，他说：“真主的使者ﷺ每当任命某人为军队或远征队的艾米尔时，总会对他加以劝勉……”

‘If you defame his leadership you defamed the leadership of his father before. By Allah! He is worthy of leadership…’” [Bukhari, Sahih, #4250 and Muslim, Sahih, #2436]. The Sahabah used to call the army of Mu’tah the army of amirs. Muslim narrated from Ibn Buraydah, he said: “The Messenger of Allah ( PBUH) used to advise the person whom he appointed as amir over an army or an expedition …” ..

战争部负责处理与武装力量相关的一切事务，包括军队、装备、武器、设施、弹药等。此外，还负责军事院校、军事使团，以及军队所需的伊斯兰文化和一般文化教育，以及与战争及其筹划相关的一切事务。派遣间谍对付交战的不信道者，也是战争部的职责，并应为此设立专门的部门。这方面的证据在先知ﷺ的传记中广为人知。

The war department takes charge of all the issues connected to the armed forces, in terms of the army, equipment, weapons, facilities, ammunition and the like. This is in addition to military academies, military missions and whatever is necessary of Islamic and general culture for the army and everything related to war and planning of it. The task of sending spies against the belligerent disbelievers is also the role of the war department and there should be a special section for this purpose. The evidences for this are well known in the seerah of the Messenger (PBUH). .

所有这些工作都由战争部负责并监督,正如其名称所示,它与战争和作战相关。战争需要军队,而军队则需要在领导层、参谋长、军官和士兵等方面进行组建与准备。

All of this is undertaken and supervised by the war department as its name indicates it is related to war and fighting. War needs an army, and the army needs formation and preparation in terms of its leadership, chiefs of staff, officers and soldiers. .

军队的组建需要准备和训练，既包括体能训练，也包括技术训练。这类训练涉及格斗技艺、各种武器的使用，以及现代武器的使用和研发训练。因此，技术与军事方面的学习、格斗技艺的训练以及各类武器使用的学习，是军队的必要条件。

The formation of the army needs preparation and training, physical as well as technical. Such training addresses the art of fighting, the use of various weapons, and training in the use and developing of modern weapons. Therefore, the technical and military study, training in the art of fighting and learning the use of various weapons is an essential requirement for the army. .

安拉（PBUH）使穆斯林蒙受尊荣，让他们成为向全世界传播伊斯兰教信息的人。祂为他们规定了以宣教（da’wah）和圣战（jihad）传达伊斯兰教的方法。祂使圣战成为他们的义务，使军事训练成为一项职责。

Allah (PBUH) has honoured the Muslims by making them the propagators of the message of Islam to the entire world. He defined for them the method of conveying Islam by da’wah and jihad. He made jihad obligatory upon them and training in the military service a duty. .

从今以后，每一位年满十五岁的穆斯林男性都有义务接受军事训练，以备圣战。关于兵役，这是一项足够性义务（集体义务）。

Henceforth, every Muslim male that reaches the age of fifteen years is obliged to have training in military service to prepare for jihad. In regards to military conscription, this is a duty of sufficiency (collective duty). .

军役的依据是他（愿主福安之）所说的：

The evidence for military service is His (PBUH) saying: .

“并与他们作战，直到不再有迫害，并且服从完全归于安拉。”（古兰经 8:39）

“And fight them on until there is no persecution and the submission is to Allah in its entirety.” [TMQ 8:39].

也在以下先知穆罕默德ﷺ的圣训中提到：

It is also mentioned in the following Hadith of the Prophet of Allah ( PBUH): .

“你们要用财产、双手和舌头对以物配主者进行圣战”，艾布·达五德以阿奈斯的传述记录（《逊南》，第2504则）。为了使战斗能够按照伊斯兰教法所规定的方式进行，以击败敌人、征服土地，军事训练是必要的，依照教法原则“完成一项义务所必需之事，本身也是义务”，它与圣战一样是必须履行的。争取战斗的准备工作属于战斗的命令范围。当安拉（SWT）说：“你们要与他们作战”时，这既是对作战的命令，也是对任何使战斗成为可能之事的命令。此外，安拉（SWT）说：

“Do perform Jihad against the Mushriks with your wealth, hands and tongues” narrated by Abu Dawud on the authority of Anas [Sunan, #2504]. In order for fighting to be carried out according to the way determined by Shariah, with the aim of defeating the enemy and conquering the land, military training is necessary, which is compulsory like Jihad, in accordance with the Shariah principle that States: ‘That which is necessary to accomplish a duty is itself a duty’. The soliciting of fighting falls within the order to fight. When Allah (S.W.T) says,. “And fight them”, this is an order to fight and an order to perform any task that makes the fighting possible. In addition Allah (S.W.T) says:.

“你们要为他们准备你们所能准备的一切力量”。[8:60]

“Make ready for them all that (of armed force) you can “. [8:60] .

训练与高水平的军事专业技能是战斗力准备的组成部分,因为它们必须具备,战斗才可能进行。因此,训练也属于必须获得的力量的一部分,与军事装备和军事任务等并列。

Training and high military expertise form part of the preparation of fighting power, for they have to be available in order to make the fighting possible. Thus training forms part of the force that must be obtained such as military hardware and military missions etc. .

至于征兵制度——即将人员编入武装部队、使其长期在编，以便有圣战者（Mujahidin）切实履行圣战并承担圣战所要求的一切职责——这是强制性的，因为圣战是一项持续的义务，无论敌人是否已经对我们发动攻击。正因如此，征兵制度属于圣战律例所包含的集体义务。

As for the Military conscription, which is the assignment of people to be part of the armed forces permanently, i.e. to have Mujahidin performing effective Jihad and whatever the duty of Jihad entails, this is compulsory, for the performing of Jihad is a continuous duty whether the enemy attacked us or not, which is why military conscription is a collective duty that is included in the hukm of jihad. .

关于仅适用于十五岁以上男子的征召规定，其依据是布哈里依据纳菲尔的传述所记录的圣训，他说：

In regards to the rule of conscription which is only for men above the age of fifteen years, this is due to the hadith reported by Al-Bukhari through Nafi’ when he stated: .

伊本·欧麦尔（愿真主喜悦他）告诉我，真主的使者（愿主福安之）在乌侯德战役那天，他年仅十四岁，使者却没有允许他参战。随后，在壕沟战役那天，他已十五岁，使者便允许他参加战斗。”——布哈里《圣训实录》，第2664条。

Ibn ‘Umar (ra) told me that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) turned to him on the day of Uhud when he was fourteen years old, but did not allow me. Then he turned to me on the day of the trench when I was fifteen years old and he allowed me to fight.” [Bukhari, Sahih, #2664] .

Nafi'说："我拜见了当哈里发的'Umar ibn 'Abd al-Aziz，并向他讲述了这段圣训。他说：'这确实是区分未成年人与成年人的界限。'于是他写信给各地总督，要求为年满十五岁的人履行义务。"这意味着将俸禄（rizq，即资金）登记在军队的名册（divan）中，分配给他们。

Nafi’ said, “I visited ‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-Aziz when he was a Khalifah. I told him of this hadith and he said, ‘This is indeed a limit between the young and the mature.’ So, he wrote to his governors to make duty for whoever reached fifteen years.” It means to assign rizq (funds) to them in the divan of the army. .

因此，我们采纳这样的观点：年满十五岁的人必须接受军事训练。

Therefore we adopt that the one that reaches the age of fifteen has to be trained in the military service.