"Ulil-Amr"这一用语只用于指穆斯林，从不用于指非穆斯林。这进一步证明，掌权者必须是穆斯林。由于哈里发处于最高权威的职位，负责任命其他权威职位的人员，如他的助手、瓦里（省长）和阿米尔（官员），因此他本人也必须是穆斯林。
The phrase “Ulil-Amr” is only used when referring to Muslims and never when referring to non-Muslims. This provides further evidence that those in authority must be Muslim. Since the Khalifah is in the highest position of authority and is responsible for appointing others to positions of authority such as his assistants, Walis and ‘amils, he himself, must be Muslim. .
2. 哈里发必须是男性。
2. The Khalifah must be male. .
哈里发必须是男性,不能是女性。布哈里圣训集中有记载:当先知穆罕默德ﷺ听说波斯人拥立了克斯拉(Kisra)的女儿为王后时,他说:
The Khalifah must be a man, not a woman. It is narrated by Al-Bukhari that when the Messenger of Allah (S.A.W) heard that the people of Persia had appointed the daughter of Chosroes (Kisra) as queen, he said: .
“任命女性（Wallau）为其领导的人，将永远不会成功。”[布哈里，《圣训实录》，第4425条]
“People who appoint (Wallau) a woman as their leader will never succeed.” [Bukhari, Sahih. #4425] .
通过将失败与任命女性为统治者联系起来，安拉的使者（S.A.W）表明这是穆斯林所禁止的。这段圣训采用的是一种要求的形式，告诫那些任命女性来管理他们事务的人。这提供了一个迹象（qarinah），表明该要求是确定的，也就是禁止任命女性为统治者。
By associating failure with the appointment of a woman as ruler, the Messenger of Allah (S.A.W) indicates that it is forbidden for Muslims. This hadith is in the form of a request that admonished those who appoint a woman to run their affairs. This gives an indication (qarinah) that the request is decisive which means a prohibition on appointing a woman as a ruler. .
这一要求是以责备那些让女性执掌其事务的人并使其不得成功的方式提出的，这暗含一种表示决断的意味（Qarinah）。因此，禁止任命女性为统治者的命令，是与一种表明决然禁止的含义相连而来的。所以，任命女性为统治者（wali amr）是禁止的（haram）。这包括统治领域中的任何职位，无论是哈里发的职位，还是任何其他被授予统治权力的职位。这是因为该圣训所涉及的是任命波斯王（Chosroes）的女儿为女王一事，它关乎统治本身的问题，但并非专指波斯王的女儿或女王的地位。此外，该圣训也不是一般性的（‘am），不涵盖与统治相关的一切事务，因此不包括司法职位、协商会议（shura）、对统治者的监督，或统治者的选举。相反，这些事务对女性都是允许的，这将在相关章节中加以说明。
The fact that this came in the form of a request, which came in the form of reproaching those who appoint a woman to run their affairs by denying them success, implies a meaning (Qarinah) which indicates decisiveness. Thus, the forbiddance from appointing a woman as a ruler came here linked with a connotation that indicates the decisive forbiddance. So the appointment of a woman as wali amr is prohibited (haram). This includes any post in ruling, whether it is the position of Khalifah or any other post with delegated authority in ruling. This is because the subject of the hadith is the appointment of the daughter of Chosroes as a Queen, and is related to the issue of ruling itself but not specifically to Chosroes’s daughter or the status of a Queen. The Hadith is also not general (‘am) to cover everything related to ruling so it does not include positions within the judiciary, the shura council, accounting the rulers or the election of the ruler. Rather, all of this is allowed for the woman as will be explained in the relevant sections. .
3. 哈里发必须成年。
3. The Khalifah must be mature. .
禁止在孩子成熟之前任命其为哈里发，成熟的身体标志是度过青春期。阿布·达乌德记载，阿里·本·阿比·塔利卜说：真主的使者ﷺ说：。
It is forbidden to appoint a child as Khalifah before he becomes mature, which is physically marked by passing puberty. Abu Dawud narrated from ‘Ali Ibn Abi Talib who said that the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) said: .
“有三种人不承担责任：睡着的人直到醒来，未成年的男孩（青少年）直到成年，以及精神错乱的人直到恢复神智。”（艾布·达武德，《逊南》，第4398条）。
“Accountability is lifted off three persons: The one who is asleep until he awakes, the boy (adolescent) until he reaches maturity and the deranged until he regains his mind.” (Abu Dawud, Sunan, #4398). .
据传，‘Ali（ra）曾说：先知（P.B.U.H）说：ﷺ
It has also been narrated from ‘Ali (ra) that Prophet (P.B.U.H) said: .
“笔已从三种人身上抬起：神志不清的人，直到他恢复神志；熟睡的人，直到他醒来；未成年人，直到他达到成年。”
“The pen has been lifted off three persons: The deranged in his mind till he restores his mind, the one who sleeps till he wakes up and the adolescent till he reaches maturity.” .
因此,笔已被提起的人,不对自己负责,依照伊斯兰教法,他也不为自己的行为承担责任。因此,禁止他担任哈里发,或担任任何有权威的职位,因为他不对自己的行为负责。另有证据来自布哈里所传的圣训:阿布·阿基勒·扎赫拉·伊本·马尔德转述,其祖父阿卜杜拉·伊本·希沙姆(生活在安拉的使者ﷺ时代)说,他的母亲宰纳卜·宾特·哈米德带他去见安拉的使者ﷺ,并说:“安拉的使者啊,请接受他的效忠宣誓。”于是安拉的使者ﷺ说:“他还年幼。”然后他ﷺ抚摸他的头顶,并为他祈祷。[布哈里,《沙希赫》,第7210条]
Therefore, the person from whom the pen is raised is not responsible for himself, and he is not accountable for his actions under the Shariah. Therefore it is prohibited for him to become Khalifah or to hold any post of authority for he is not responsible for his own actions. Evidence is also derived from what Al-Bukhari narrated from Abu Aqil Zahrah Ibn Ma’bad who reported on the authority of his grand-father Abdullah Ibn Hisham who lived during the time of the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) , that his mother Zainab bint Hamid took him to the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) and said: “O Messenger of Allah, take a bayah from him.” Upon this the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) said: ‘He is young and He (P.B.U.H) wiped over his head and prayed for him.” [Bukhari, Sahih, #7210]..
因此,如果小男孩的效忠誓约(Bay'ah)无效,他甚至不能向哈里发效忠,那么他显然也不能成为哈里发。
Therefore, if the Bay’ah of the little boy is not valid, and he cannot even give Bayah to a Khalifah, he clearly cannot become Khalifah himself. .
4. 哈里发必须神智健全。
4. The Khalifah must be sane. .
认为一位哈里发因精神错乱而失去能力是不合法的，其依据是先知（愿主赐福并平安于他）所传的圣训，即第三条中提到的“笔已被提起……”，以及“……疯癫者，直至他恢复神智”。
It is unlawful to have a Khalifah who has become insane due to the hadith from Allah’s Messenger (P.B.U.H) narrated in point 3 indicating that the “pen has been lifted...” from “... the deranged in his mind until he restores his mind.”.
5. 笔被抬离的人不承担责任,因为只有具备理智,人才会为自己的行为负责。哈里发负责施行律法并执行一切法律义务,因此由疯癫者担任哈里发是不合法的,因为疯癫者连自己的行为都无法负责,更不必说以更有力的理由,他无法负责管理民众的事务。哈里发必须公正('adl)。
5. The person off whom the pen is raised is not accountable because the mind is required for a person to be responsible for his actions. The Khalifah enacts the rules and executes all the legal duties, it is therefore unlawful to have an insane Khalifah because an insane person cannot even be responsible for his own actions and hence by greater reasoning cannot be responsible to look after the affairs of the people. The Khalifah must be just (‘adl). .
不适合由“فاسق”（fasiq，即犯大罪、行为不端之人）担任哈里发。正直（ʿadālah）是缔结哈里发职位的必备条件，也是其能否持续的重要因素。这是因为真主（愿祂尊贵至高）规定见证人必须公正。祂（至高无上）说：
It would not be right for the Khalifah to be a ‘Fasiq’. Integrity is an obligatory condition for contracting the Khilafah and is important for its continuity. This is because Allah (P.B.U.H) has stipulated that the witness must be just. He (S.W.T) says: .
“并从你们中选两个公正的人作见证”——[TMQ；65:2]。
“And seek the witness of two just men from amongst you” - [TMQ; 65:2].
既然证人必须公正,那么拥有更高职位、并统治证人的哈里发,理应更加具备公正之德。因为如果公正是对证人的要求,那么它在哈里发身上的存在,就更应当成立。
So if the witness must be just, then the Khalifah who holds a higher post and rules over the witness himself should, by greater reason, be just. For if justice was stipulated for the witness, its presence in the Khalifah must exist by greater reason..
6. 哈里发必须是自由人。
6. The Khalifah must be a free man. .
任何奴隶都处于其主人的支配之下，因此他无法自行处理自己的事务，所以也不能被赋予处理他人事务并统治他们的权力。7. 哈里发必须有能力承担哈里发国的职责。
Any slave is under his master’s authority and so he cannot run his own affairs and therefore he cannot be given the power to run other people’s affairs and rule over them. 7. The Khalifah must be able to carry out the task of the Khilafah. .
一个因任何原因而无力履行职责的人,不能再履行依照《古兰经》和《逊奈》管理民众事务的责任,而他正是在此基础上接受了宣誓效忠(Bayah)的。不义行为法院(Court of unjust acts)有强制性的权力,用来判定哈里发是否有能力履行其职务,以及可能存在的各种“无能”情形。
One who is unable to perform the job for whatever reason cannot perform the duty of running the people’s affairs by the Book and the Sunnah upon which he took the pledge of allegiance (Bayah). The Court of unjust acts has mandatory powers to determine whether a Khalifah has the ability to perform his job and the types of “inability” that may exist. .