当Shara（伊斯兰教法）规定乌玛必须任命一位哈里发时，它同时确定了哈里发的任命方式。这一方式在《古兰经》和圣训中均有明文依据。必须向哈里发宣誓效忠（bayah）的穆斯林，是当时哈里发国的公民。在没有哈里发国的情况下，负有宣誓效忠之责的穆斯林，是居住在本应实行哈里发制度的地区的穆斯林。

When Shara made it incumbent upon the Ummah to appoint a Khalifah, it determined for her the method by which the Khalifah is appointed. This method is proven in the Book and the Sunnah. The Muslims who must give the bayah are those that are citizens of the Khilafah at that time. In the case where there is no Khilafah the Muslims responsible for giving the bayah are those living in the region where the Khilafah should be implemented. .

通过效忠宣誓（Bayah）选举哈里发的方式，有两方面的依据：穆斯林向先知（愿主赐福他并使他平安）所作的效忠宣誓的先例，以及先知（愿主赐福他并使他平安）命令我们向伊玛目效忠宣誓。穆斯林向先知ﷺ所作的效忠宣誓并非对先知身份的效忠，而是对统治权的效忠，因为它关乎行为而非信仰。因此，人们是把效忠献给先知ﷺ作为统治者，而不是作为先知或使者。这是因为承认先知身份和使命属于信仰（Iman）的范畴，而不是效忠宣誓的范畴。所以，对他ﷺ的效忠宣誓仅仅是以他作为国家元首的身份而作出的。

The method of electing the Khalifah through a bayah is proved from the example of the Bayah given by the Muslims to the Prophet (P.B.U.H), and from the order of the Messenger (P.B.U.H) to us, to pledge Bay’ah to the Imam. The Bayah of the Muslims to the Messenger (P.B.U.H) was not a Bayah on Prophethood, but a Bayah over ruling, for it was regarding action not belief. Therefore, Rasool Allah (P.B.U.H) was pledged allegiance to as a ruler, and not as a Prophet or a Messenger (P.B.U.H). This is because acknowledging the Prophethood and Messengership is linked to belief (Iman), and not a Bayah. Hence the Bayah to Him (P.B.U.H) was only in his capacity as the head of the state. .

《古兰经》和圣训中也提到了“拜亚”（效忠宣誓）。安拉（SWT）说：

The Bayah is also mentioned in the Qur’an and Hadith. Allah (S.W.T) says:.

“哦，先知啊！如果信道的妇女到你这里来宣誓，保证不以任何物配属真主，不偷窃，不通奸，不杀害自己的子女，不捏造诽谤，不在任何合理的事上违抗你，你就接受她们的誓约吧。”[TMQ：60:12] 在另一节经文中，真主（SWT）说：

"O Prophet! If the believers come to you to take the oath (Bay’ah) that they will not associate [in worship] anything with Allah, that they will not steal, that they will not commit adultery, that they will not kill their children, that they will not utter slander, intentionally forging falsehood, and they will not disobey you in any just matter (Ma’roof), then receive their oath (Bayah)." [TMQ: 60:12] In another verse Allah (S.W.T) says: .

诚然，那些向你宣誓效忠的人，无异于向安拉宣誓效忠：安拉的手在他们的手之上。"[TMQ: 48:10]。

Verily those who pledge their allegiance to you do no less than pledge their allegiance to Allah: The Hand of Allah is over their hands." [TMQ: 48:10].

布哈里传述，依据伊斯马仪的传述，伊斯马仪依据马立克的传述，马立克依据叶哈雅·本·赛义德的传述，他说："欧巴代·本·瓦利德告诉我，他的父亲告诉他，欧巴代·本·萨米特说："

Al-Bukhari narrated on the authority of Isma’il, who reported on the authority of Malik, who reported on the authority of Yahya bin Sa‘id who said: “Ubadah bin Al-walid told me, that my father told me that Ubadah bin al-Samit said: .

“我们向安拉的使者ﷺ宣誓效忠：无论顺境还是逆境，都听从并服从；不与掌权者争夺权位；无论身在何处，都坚持并讲说真理；在为安拉效力时，不畏惧任何人的责备。”[布哈里，《圣训实录》，#7054；穆斯林，《圣训实录》，#4748]

"We have pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah to listen and obey in ease and in hardship and that we do not dispute the matter (authority) with its people and that we stand for and speak the truth wherever we are and that in the service of Allah we would fear the blame of no one.” [Bukhari, Sahih, #7054 and Muslim, Sahih, #4748] .

穆斯林记载:阿卜杜拉·本·阿慕尔·本·阿绥传述,安拉的使者ﷺ说:

Muslim has reported that Abdullah ibn Amru ibn al-As narrated that the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) said: .

"谁若与一位伊玛目立约，把手交给他，以示效忠，就让他尽力服从他；若有另一人前来与他争夺，就杀掉那后来者。"【艾哈迈德，《穆斯奈德》，3/10】..

"Whosoever pledges allegiance to an Imam by giving him the clasp of his hand, let him obey him if he is able to do so, but if another comes along to dispute with him, then kill the latter." [Ahmad, Musnad, 3/10] ..

另外，穆斯林圣训集中有记载：艾布·赛义德·胡德里传述，安拉的使者ﷺ说：

Also in Muslim it is narrated that Abu Saeed Al-Khudri reported that the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) said: .

“如果有两位哈里发先后被宣誓效忠，那就杀掉后者。”［穆斯林，《萨希赫》，#1853］..

“If two Khulafaa’ were pledged allegiance, then kill the latter of them." [Muslim, Sahih, #1853] ..

穆斯林辑录，传述者为阿布·哈济姆，他说："我陪伴艾布·胡莱赖happened..." 更正为完整译文： 穆斯林辑录，传述者为阿布·哈济姆，他说："我陪伴艾布·胡莱赖五年，听他讲述先知ﷺ的话："以色列的后裔曾由众先知治理，每当一位先知去世，就会有另一位继他而来；而我之后没有先知。将会有哈里发，并且人数众多。"他们问道："您命令我们做什么呢？"他ﷺ说："依次向他们履行效忠之约，并给予他们应得的权利；真主必定会就他们所托付的事情问责他们。"」[布哈里辑录，《圣训真本》，第3455条]

Muslim narrated on the authority of Abi Hazim who said: “I accompanied Abu Huraira for five years and I heard him talk of the Prophet’s (P.B.U.H) saying: "Banu Israel used to be governed by Prophet, every time a Prophet died, another came after him, and there is not Prophet after me. There will be Khulafa’ and they will number many". They said: "What would you order us to do?" He (P.B.U.H said: "Fulfil the Bayah to them one after the other, and give them their due right, surely Allah will account them for that which He entrusted them with".” [Bukhari, Sahih, #3455] .

这些来自《古兰经》和《圣训》的经文明确指出，任命哈里发的方式是通过效忠宣誓（Bayah）。所有圣门弟子都理解并实行了这一点。对正统哈里发所给予的效忠宣誓，在这一点上是清楚明确的。

These texts from the Book and the Sunnah explicitly state that the method of appointing a Khalifah is by the Bayah. This was understood and practiced by all of the Sahabah. The bayah given to the rightly guided Khulafaa’ was clear in this regard. .