4.5 为哈里发任命与效忠宣誓(bay'ah)所采取的具体措施
4.5 Practical measures taken for the Khalifah’s appointment and bay’ah
在任命哈里发之前,为此采取的实际措施可以有不同形式,这在紧接着先知(愿主赐福他并使他平安)去世之后的正统哈里发身上都有体现,即:艾布·伯克尔、欧麦尔、奥斯曼和阿里(愿真主(SWT)喜悦他们)。所有的圣门弟子对此保持沉默并予以认可,否则,如果此事违背沙里亚,他们是不会接受的。这是因为此事关系到一个至关重要的问题,穆斯林的地位和伊斯兰统治的维护都依赖于此。若我们追溯这些哈里发的任命过程,会发现一些穆斯林曾在八卜拉·赛尔德家族的会堂(萨基法)中进行商议。提名的人选只有赛尔德、艾布·欧拜代、欧麦尔和艾布·伯克尔,并无他人。然而,欧麦尔和艾布·欧拜代拒绝与艾布·伯克尔相争,这使得此事局限于艾布·伯克尔与赛尔德之间。经过这番商议,艾布·伯克尔获得了效忠宣誓。次日,穆斯林被召集到清真寺,依次宣誓效忠。因此,在萨基法的效忠宣誓是任命性的效忠,由此他成为穆斯林的哈里发;而次日在清真寺进行的第二次效忠宣誓,则是服从性的效忠。
The practical measures taken to appoint the Khalifah, before the bayah is given to him, can take different forms, which happened with the rightly guided Khulafaa’ who came immediately after the death of the Messenger (P.B.U.H) namely: Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, ‘Uthman, and ‘Ali (May Allah (S.W.T) be pleased with them). All of the Sahabah remained silent about this and vouched for it, otherwise, they would not have accepted it if it was against the Shara. This is because it is related to a vital matter upon which rely the stature of the Muslims and the preservation of the rule of Islam. If we follow the development of the appointment of those Khulafaa, we find that some Muslims had discussions in the hall (Saqifa) of Banu Sa’idah. Sa‘d, Abu Ubaydah, ‘Umar and Abu Bakr were nominated and no-one else. However, ‘Umar and Abu Ubaidah refused to challenge Abu Bakr. This meant the issue was confined to Abu Bakr and Sa’d. As a result of the debate, the Bayah was taken for Abu Bakr. The next day the Muslims were called to the Masjid and in turn they pledged their Bayah. So the Bayah in the Saqifa was a Bayah of appointment, by which he became Khalifah for the Muslims. However, the second Bayah in the Masjid, the next day was a Bayah of obedience. .