Rasulullah ﷺ tinggal di Madinah selama lima belas malam setelah kembali dari al-Hudaybiyah, kemudian beliau memerintahkan kaum Muslimin untuk bersiap-siap melakukan serangan ke Khaybar, dengan ketentuan bahwa hanya mereka yang telah bersama beliau di al-Hudaybiyah yang ikut serta.

The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) remained in Madinah for fifteen nights after returning from al-Hudaybiyah, he then ordered the Muslims to prepare for a raid on Khaybar provided that only those who had been with him at al- Hudaybiyah take part.

Sebelum berangkat ke al-Hudaybiyah, sampai kabar bahwa orang-orang Yahudi di Khaybar diam-diam bersekongkol dengan kaum Quraisy untuk menyerang Madinah dengan maksud memusnahkan kaum Muslimin. Mengetahui hal ini, Rasulullah ﷺ memilih menempuh rencana perdamaian dengan kaum Quraisy guna mengamankan gencatan senjata dengan mereka, sehingga beliau dapat memusatkan upaya untuk menangani Khaybar. Begitu beliau ﷺ menyelesaikan perjanjian damai, yang memutus Yahudi Khaybar dari kaum Quraisy, beliau berbalik kepada orang-orang Yahudi Khaybar dan memerintahkan kaum Muslimin untuk mempersiapkan pasukan hanya beberapa hari setelah kembali dari al-Hudaybiyah.

Before marching to al-Hudaybiyah, news was received that the Jews of Khaybar were secretly conspiring with the Quraysh to raid Madinah in an effort to exterminate the Muslims. Being aware of this, Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) opted for a peace plan with the Quraysh in order to secure a truce with them so that he could concentrate his efforts towards taking care of Khaybar. As soon as he (pbuh) had concluded his peace treaty, which isolated the Jews of Khaybar from the Quraysh, he turned to Jews of Khaybar and ordered the Muslims to prepare the army just days after his return from al-Hudaybiyah.

Rasulullah ﷺ memimpin barisan sebanyak 1.600 kaum Muslimin, disertai 100 penunggang kuda, dan mereka semua yakin akan pertolongan Allah. Mereka tiba di Khaybar setelah perjalanan selama tiga hari, dan mengejutkan penduduk Khaybar. Meskipun demikian, kaum Muslimin bermalam tepat di luar benteng-benteng mereka. Pada pagi hari, para petani Khaybar keluar dengan membawa sekop dan keranjang mereka, dan ketika melihat pasukan kaum Muslimin, mereka berbalik dan lari sambil berteriak, "Muhammad beserta pasukannya." Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda, "Allahu Akbar! Khaybar telah hancur. Apabila kita tiba di halaman suatu kaum, maka pagi hari itu menjadi pagi yang buruk bagi mereka yang telah diberi peringatan."

The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) marched at the head of 1,600 Muslims accompanied by 100 riders and all were assured of Allah’s support. They reached Khaybar after a march of three days and took the people of Khaybar by surprise. Although the Muslims spent the night just outside their forts. In the morning, the peasants of Khaybar came out with their spades and baskets and when they saw the army of the Muslims they turned and fled crying, “Muhammad with his force.” The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, “Allahu Akbar! Khaybar is destroyed. When we arrive at a people’s area it is a bad morning for those who have been warned.”.

Orang-orang Yahudi memperkirakan Rasulullah ﷺ akan menyerang mereka, sebab ketika mendengar tentang perjanjian Hudaybiyah, mereka menganggapnya sebagai pengkhianatan dari sekutu mereka, kaum Quraisy. Menanggapi situasi baru yang berbahaya ini, sebagian dari mereka mengusulkan membentuk aliansi dengan orang-orang Yahudi di Wadi al-Qura dan Tayma' untuk menyerang Madinah. Dengan demikian, mereka tidak perlu lagi bergantung pada dukungan kabilah-kabilah Arab, terutama sekarang setelah kaum Quraisy menandatangani perjanjian dengan Rasulullah ﷺ. Yang lain bahkan sempat tergoda gagasan untuk mengadakan perjanjian dengan Rasulullah ﷺ, dengan harapan hal itu dapat menghapus kebencian kaum Muslimin terhadap mereka. Mereka saling mengingatkan tentang hal ini sejak mereka merasakan bahaya semakin dekat. Mereka menyadari bahwa Rasulullah ﷺ telah mengetahui persekongkolan mereka dengan kaum Quraisy dan bahwa beliau ﷺ hendak menyerang mereka, tetapi mereka terkejut sebelum sempat melaksanakan rencana mereka, sehingga mereka harus meminta bantuan Bani Ghatafan. Mereka berusaha memperkuat posisi mereka dan melawan serangan itu, tetapi pasukan Muslim bergerak dengan cepat dan garis pertahanan mereka pun runtuh.

The Jews were expecting Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) to attack them, for when they heard about the treaty of Hudaybiyah they considered it to be a let down by their allies, the Quraysh. In response to the new dangerous situation some of them suggested forming an alliance with the Jews of Wadi al-Qura and Tayma’ in order to raid Madinah. They would then be without the need to rely on the pockets of Arab tribes, especially now that the Quraysh had signed a treaty with the Messenger of Allah (pbuh). Others actually flirted with the idea of entering into a pact with the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) in the hope that this would efface the Muslims’ hatred towards them. They used to remind each other of this ever since they felt the danger nearing. They were aware that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) had learned of their conspiracy with the Quraysh and that he (pbuh) was about to raid them, but they were caught by surprise before they could enact their plans and instead had to call on Ghatafan to help them. They attempted to fortify their positions and resist the attack, but the Muslim army was swift and their defensive lines crumbled.

Akhirnya, mereka putus asa dan mencari perdamaian dengan Rasulullah ﷺ, dengan syarat beliau membiarkan mereka tetap hidup. Rasulullah ﷺ menyetujuinya dan mengizinkan mereka tetap tinggal di rumah mereka. Karena tanah dan kebun anggur mereka telah menjadi milik beliau berdasarkan hukum penaklukan, beliau mengizinkan mereka untuk bekerja dan tinggal di sana dengan syarat mereka memberikan separuh dari hasil panen dan buah-buahan setiap tahun kepada beliau. Mereka menyetujui syarat-syarat beliau ﷺ. Rasulullah ﷺ kemudian kembali ke Madinah dan tinggal di sana hingga beliau berangkat untuk ‘Umrah Qada’.

Eventually, they became desperate and sought peace with the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) provided he spared their lives. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) agreed and he allowed them to remain in their homes. Since their land and their vineyards became his under the law of conquest, he allowed them to work and live there provided they gave him half of their crops and fruits annually. They agreed to his (pbuh) terms. Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) then returned to Madinah and stayed there until he left for the ‘Umrah of Qada’.

Dengan menghapuskan kekuasaan politik Khaibar dan memaksa mereka tunduk pada kekuasaan kaum Muslimin, Rasulullah ﷺ menetralkan jalur utara yang berbahaya menuju al-Sham, sebagaimana beliau ﷺ juga telah melakukannya di selatan setelah perjanjian Hudaibiyah. Tindakan ini membuka jalan bagi tersebarnya risalah Islam di Semenanjung Arab maupun di luar negeri.

By his abolition of Khaybar’s political authority and by making them submit to the authority of the Muslims, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) neutralized the perilous northern path to al-Sham, as he had done likewise in the south after the Hudaybiyah treaty. This action paved the way for the Message of Islam to be spread within the Arabian Peninsula as well as abroad.