Pada tahun kedua Hijrah, Rasulullah ﷺ berangkat pada tanggal 8 Ramadhan bersama tiga ratus lima orang Sahabatnya yang menunggang tujuh puluh unta. 'Amr ibn Umm Maktum ditugaskan memimpin shalat, sedangkan Abu Lubabah ditinggalkan untuk memegang urusan Madinah. Mereka bergantian menunggangi unta menuju kafilah yang dipimpin Abu Sufyan. Sambil terus berjalan, mereka mencari kabar tentang kafilah itu hingga sampai di lembah Dafran, tempat mereka singgah. Di sana sampai kabar bahwa kaum Quraisy telah berangkat dari Makkah untuk melindungi kafilah mereka. Maka persoalan itu pun berubah bentuk, sebab bukan lagi soal kafilah; yang dipertanyakan sekarang adalah apakah mereka akan menghadapi kaum Quraisy atau tidak. Maka Rasulullah ﷺ bermusyawarah dengan kaum Muslimin. Abu Bakar lalu menyampaikan pendapatnya, kemudian 'Umar pun demikian. Setelah itu al-Miqdad ibn 'Amr bangkit dan berkata, "Wahai Rasulullah! Pergilah ke mana Allah memerintahkanmu, karena kami bersamamu. Kami tidak akan mengatakan seperti yang dikatakan Bani Israil kepada Musa: 'Pergilah engkau bersama Tuhanmu dan berperanglah, kami akan duduk menunggu di sini.' Tetapi pergilah engkau dan Tuhanmu untuk berperang, dan kami akan berperang bersamamu." Kaum Muslimin pun terdiam. Maka beliau ﷺ bersabda, "Berikanlah saran kepadaku, wahai kalian semua!" yang maksudnya adalah kaum Anshar, yang telah berbai'at kepada beliau di 'Aqabah.

In the second year of the Hijrah, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) set out on the 8th of Ramadhan with three hundred and five of his Sahabah mounted on seventy camels. ‘Amr ibn Umm Maktum was assigned to lead the prayer while Abu Lubabah was left in charge of Madinah. They rode the camels in turn heading towards a caravan led by Abu Sufyan. As they marched on, they sought news of the caravan until they had reached the valley of Dafran where they settled, and news reached them there that the Quraysh had set out from Makkah to protect their caravan. The whole affair then assumed different proportions for it was no longer the caravan, the question was whether to confront the Quraysh or not. So Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) consulted the Muslims. Abu Bakr and then ‘Umar voiced their opinions, then al-Miqdad ibn ‘Amr arose and said, “O Messenger of Allah! Go where Allah tells you, for we are with you. We shall not say as the children of Israel said to Moses ‘You and your Lord go and fight and we will stay at home’, but you and your Lord go and fight and we will fight with you.” The Muslims then went silent, and he (pbuh) said, “Give me advice O men!” by which he meant the Ansar who had paid allegiance to him at al- ‘Aqabah.

Mereka telah berjanji untuk melindunginya sebagaimana mereka melindungi istri dan anak-anak mereka, dengan syarat bahwa mereka tidak wajib berperang bersamanya di luar Madinah. Ketika kaum Anshar merasakan bahwa beliau ﷺ menginginkan mereka, Sa’d bin Mu’adz yang memegang panji mereka berkata, “Sepertinya engkau menghendaki kami, wahai Rasulullah ﷺ.” Beliau ﷺ menjawab, “Ya.” Sa’d berkata, “Kami beriman kepadamu, kami membenarkanmu, dan kami bersaksi bahwa apa yang engkau bawa itu adalah kebenaran, dan kami telah memberikan janji serta kesepakatan kami untuk mendengar dan taat; maka pergilah ke mana engkau kehendaki, kami bersamamu; dan demi Dzat yang mengutusmu, seandainya engkau meminta kami menyeberangi lautan ini lalu engkau menerjunkan diri ke dalamnya, niscaya kami pun akan menerjunkan diri bersamamu; tidak seorang pun dari kami yang akan tertinggal. Kami tidak merasa keberatan untuk bertemu musuh kami besok. Kami berpengalaman dalam peperangan dan teguh dalam pertempuran. Mungkin saja Allah akan memperlihatkan kepadamu sesuatu yang akan menyenangkan hatimu, maka bawalah kami bersama berkah Allah.” Rasulullah ﷺ merasa gembira dengan ucapan Sa’d dan bersabda, “Majulah dengan penuh keyakinan, karena Allah telah menjanjikan kepadaku salah satu dari dua golongan, dan demi Allah, seakan-akan sekarang aku melihat tempat-tempat mereka akan terbunuh.”

They had pledged to protect him as they protected their wives and children, with the stipulation that they were not responsible to fight with him outside Madinah. When the Ansar sensed that he (pbuh) meant them, Sa’d ibn Mu’adh who was holding their banner said, “It seems as if you mean us, O Messenger of Allah.” He (pbuh) said, “Yes.” Sa’d said, “We believe in you, we declare your truth, and we witness that what you have brought us is the truth, and we have given you our word and agreement to hear and obey; so go where you wish, we are with you; and by He who sent you, if you were to ask us to cross this sea and you plunged into it, we would plunge into it with you; not a man would stay behind. We do not dislike the idea of meeting our enemy tomorrow. We are experienced in war, capable of fighting. It may well be that Allah will let us show you something which will bring you joy, so take us along with Allah’s blessing.” The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) was delighted with Sa’d’s words and said, “Proceed with full confidence, for Allah has promised me one of the two parties, and by Allah, it is as though I can now see the place where they will be killed.”.

Rasulullah ﷺ dan para Sahabatnya terus melakukan perjalanan hingga hampir mencapai Badr. Mereka menyadari bahwa pasukan Quraisy berada tidak jauh dari sana, maka ‘Ali, al-Zubayr ibn ‘Awwam, dan Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas bersama sejumlah Sahabat lainnya dikirim ke sumur di Badr untuk mencari kabar. Mereka kembali dengan membawa dua orang pemuda yang kemudian mereka interogasi. Kedua pemuda itu mengungkapkan bahwa jumlah pasukan Quraisy antara sembilan ratus hingga seribu orang, dan para pemuka Quraisy turut serta dengan kekuatan penuh untuk melindungi kafilah. Rasulullah ﷺ menyadari bahwa mereka menghadapi pasukan yang jumlahnya tiga kali lipat dari pasukannya sendiri, dan bahwa beliau akan menghadapi pertempuran yang sengit. Beliau ﷺ memberitahukan kepada kaum Muslimin bahwa Makkah telah mengerahkan potongan-potongan hatinya (atau putra-putra terbaiknya) ke dalam pertempuran ini, dan bahwa mereka hendaknya meneguhkan tekad.

The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and his Sahabah journeyed until they had nearly reached Badr. They realized that the Quraysh’s troops were nearby and so ‘Ali, al-Zubayr ibn ‘Awwam, and Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas with a number of his Sahabah were sent to the well at Badr in search of news. They returned with two young men whom they questioned. They disclosed the number of the Quraysh at between nine hundred to a thousand men and that the nobles of the Quraysh were out in force to protect the caravan. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) realized that they were facing a force which was three times the size of his own and that he would be in for a fierce battle. He (pbuh) informed the Muslims that Makkah had thrown out the pieces of its liver (or the best of her sons) into the battle and that they should harden their resolve.

Kaum Muslimin berikrar untuk menghadapi musuh. Mereka menetap di dekat sumur Badr, di sana mereka membangun sebuah kolam penampungan dan mengisinya dengan air. Kemudian mereka menutup semua sumur lain agar mereka memiliki cukup air, sementara musuh tidak memiliki apa pun untuk diminum. Pada saat yang sama, mereka juga membangun sebuah kanopi bagi Rasulullah ﷺ untuk ditempati. Kaum Quraisy mengambil posisi mereka, dan bentrokan kecil dalam pertempuran pun dimulai. Al-Aswad ibn ‘Abd al-Asad maju ke depan untuk menghancurkan kolam yang dibangun kaum Muslimin. Hamzah menghadapinya dengan menebasnya dan membuat kakinya terlempar. Ia jatuh telentang dengan darah mengalir dari kakinya, lalu Hamzah mengejarnya dan memukulnya hingga tewas di dekat kolam itu. Kemudian, ‘Utbah ibn Rabi’ah maju di antara saudaranya Syaibah dan putranya al-Walid. Hamzah, ‘Ali, dan ‘Ubaidah ibn al-Harith maju untuk menghadapi mereka. Hamzah dengan cepat memukul Syaibah, dan ‘Ali segera menyingkirkan al-Walid. Hamzah dan ‘Ali kemudian berbalik menghadapi ‘Utbah, yang bertahan melawan ‘Ubaidah, dan mereka pun menewaskannya. Setelah itu, mereka membawa pergi kawan mereka yang terluka.

The Muslims vowed to stand up to the enemy, they settled by the well of Badr where they built a cistern and filled it with water. Then they stopped up all the other wells so that they would have plenty of water and the enemy would have nothing to drink, at the same time they also built a canopy for the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) to reside in. The Quraysh took up their positions and the skirmishes of battle began. Al-Aswad ibn ‘Abd al-Asad stepped forward to destroy the cistern that the Muslims had built. Hamzah dealt with him by smiting him and sending his foot flying. He fell on his back with blood streaming from his foot and Hamzah followed him and struck him, killing him near the cistern. Then, ‘Utbah ibn Rabi’ah stepped forth between his brother Shayba and his son al-Walid. Hamzah, ‘Ali and ‘Ubaydah ibn al-Harith stepped forward to meet them. Hamzah quickly dealt Shayba a blow and ‘Ali soon disposed of al-Walid. Hamzah and ‘Ali turned on ‘Utbah who stood firm against ‘Ubaydah and they dispatched him, carrying off their injured companion afterwards.

Kemudian kedua pihak maju dan saling mendekat pada pagi hari Jumat tanggal 17 Ramadhan. Rasulullah ﷺ meluruskan barisan dan mendorong kaum Muslimin untuk berperang. Kaum Muslimin terbakar semangatnya oleh perkataan Rasulullah ﷺ dan maju ke depan. Pertempuran pun berkecamuk dengan sengit, kepala-kepala orang Quraisy beterbangan dari tubuh mereka, sementara kaum Muslimin semakin kuat keimanannya seraya terus melantunkan, "Ahad! Ahad!" (Yang Esa! Yang Esa!).

Then the two sides advanced and drew near each other on Friday morning on the 17th of Ramadhan. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) straightened the ranks and incited the Muslims to fight. The Muslims were encouraged by Allah’s Messenger’s words and went forward. The fighting broke out fiercely and Qurayshi heads went flying from their bodies, the Muslims becoming stronger in belief all the time chanting ‘Ahad! Ahad!’ (the One! the One!).

Rasulullah ﷺ berdiri di tengah pertempuran, mengambil segenggam kerikil dan melemparkannya ke arah kaum Quraisy seraya bersabda, "Buruklah wajah-wajah itu!" Kemudian beliau ﷺ memerintahkan para Sahabatnya untuk menyerbu, dan mereka pun melaksanakannya hingga pertempuran usai dan musuh tercerai-berai. Kaum Muslimin keluar sebagai pemenang, membunuh banyak prajurit dan pemimpin suku Quraisy serta menawan lebih banyak lagi. Kaum Quraisy melarikan diri dari medan perang, dan kaum Muslimin kembali ke Madinah dengan membawa kemenangan yang sangat besar.

Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) stood in the middle of the melee, took a handful of pebbles and threw them at the Quraysh saying, “Foul be those faces!” Then he (pbuh) ordered his Sahabah to charge and they duly obliged until the battle was over and the foe was routed. The Muslims emerged victorious, slaying many warriors and tribal leaders of the Quraysh and capturing many more. The Quraysh fled the battlefield and the Muslims returned to Madinah having achieved a truly great victory.