4.2 麦地那的神圣不可侵犯性(Hurmah)
4.2 The Hurmah (Inviolable) Sanctity of Al-Madinah
麦地那的不可侵犯之神圣性,也在《圣训实录》(Sahih Muslim)中由拉菲·本·哈迪季(Rafi’ bin Khadij)之口有所陈述。
The inviolable sanctity of Al-Madinah also came stated in Sahih Muslim upon the lips of Rafi’ bin Khadij:

“阿卜杜拉·本·麦斯莱迈传述,他从苏莱曼·本·比拉勒处听来,苏莱曼从欧特巴·本·穆斯林处听来,欧特巴从纳非尔·本·朱拜尔处听来,纳非尔报告说:麦尔旺·本·哈凯姆向民众讲话,提到了麦加、麦加的居民以及麦加的神圣性,却没有提及麦地那、麦地那的居民以及麦地那的神圣性。拉菲尔·本·赫代吉大声对他说:“这是怎么回事?我听到你提到了麦加、麦加的居民以及麦加的神圣性,却没有提及麦地那、麦地那的居民以及麦地那的神圣性。然而真主的使者ﷺ已经将两座山之间的区域定为圣地,而我们手中有一份写在霍拉尼羊皮上的记载。如果你愿意,我可以读给你听。”麦尔旺听后沉默了,然后说:“我也听过其中的一部分。””
“Abdullah bin Maslamah related from Sulaiman bin Bilal, from ‘Utbah bin Muslim, from Nafi' bin Jubair who reported that Marwan bin al- Hakam addressed the people and made mention of Makkah, its inhabitants and its sacredness, but he made no mention of Al- Madinah, its inhabitants and its sacredness. Rafi' bin Khadij called out to him and said: “What is this? I hear you making mention of Makkah, its inhabitants and its sacredness, but you not mentioning Al- Madinah, its inhabitants and its sacredness. That is while the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) has declared sacred (the area) between its two mountainous areas? And we have it (recorded) with us written on Khawlani parchment. If you like, I will read it out to you”. Thereupon Marwan became silent, and then said: “I too have heard some part of it”. .
我认为,呼罗拉尼的羊皮文书中可能包含前面提到的《麦地那宪章》的一份副本。这是很可以设想的,因为这样一份重要的文件理应有许多副本:原本由先知ﷺ保存,此后落入阿里·本·阿比·塔利卜(愿真主喜悦他)手中;另有一些副本在部分安ṣār手中,还有一些在犹太人手中等等。
I say: It may be that the Khawlani parchment had within it a copy of the previously mentioned Sahifah of Al-Madinah. This is very conceivable as an important document such as this would be expected to have numerous copies: The original copy kept by the Prophet (peace be upon him) and thereafter came to be in the possession of ‘Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him). Then some copies in the hands of some of the Ansar and in the possession of the Jews etc.
禁地(Hurmah)麦地那的圣域(Hurmah,禁地)是一项经由多条途径确凿传述的、属于穆坦瓦提尔(Mutawatir,即经多途径确证无疑)的既定事实。我们仅列举以下数例即可。
The inviolable sanctuary (Hurmah) of Al-Madinah is a firmly established Mutawatir (decisively reported) matter from various paths. We will suffice by mentioning the following:
- 伊玛目·布哈里在其《沙希哈》(2/661/1768)中记录了如下内容:
- Imam Al-Bukhari recorded the following in his Sahih (2/661/1768):

艾布·努尔曼转述,萨比特·本·雅齐德传述,阿绥姆·本·阿布杜·拉赫曼·艾哈旺传述,安as·本·马立克传述:先知ﷺ说:“麦地那从这里到那里是一块神圣不可侵犯的禁地。其中的树木不得砍伐,也不得在其中犯罪。谁在其中犯罪,谁就将遭受真主、天使和众人的诅咒。”
“Abu An-Nu’man related from Thabit bin Yazid, from ‘Asim bin Abdur Rahman Al-Ahwal, from Anas bin Malik that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “Madinah is an inviolable sanctuary from this place to that place. Its trees should not be cut and no crime should be perpetrated in it and whoever perpetrates a crime in it, then he will incur the curse of Allah, the angels, and all the people”.
正如拜海基在《大圣训集》(As-Sunan Al-Kubra)中所举的例子,经Sa'id Al-Kudhri传述:
- Just as it came exemplified in “As-Sunan Al-Kubra” of Al-Baihaqi as related by Sa’id Al-Kudhri:


哈mmad bin Isma'il bin Ibrahim 传述:从 Ubayy,从 Wuhaib,从 Yahya bin Abu Ishaq,从 Al-Mahri 的被释奴 Abu Sa'id:Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri 说:“我们与安拉的使者ﷺ一同出行,他说:‘主啊,易卜拉欣确已将麦加宣布为神圣不可侵犯的禁地,并使其成为不可侵犯的圣域;我也已将麦地那宣布为不可侵犯的圣域,即两座山(即 ‘Aer 山与 Uhud 山)之间的区域。在其中不得流血,不得携带用于战斗的武器,不得砍伐树木,除非是为了饲料(即用来喂养牲畜)。主啊,请在我们的这座麦地那中赐予福泽。主啊,请使这福泽加倍,赐予两份(额外的福泽)。以掌握我灵魂者起誓,麦地那的每一条峡谷与每一条山间小路上,都有两位天使守卫着。’”
“Hammad bin Isma’il bin Ibrahim related from Ubayy, from Wuhaib, from Yahya bin Abu Ishaq, from Abu Sa’id the Mawla of Al-Mahri that Abu Sa’id Al-Khudri said: “We went out with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and he said: “O Allah, verily Ibrahim declared Makkah to be sacredly inviolable and made it an inviolable sanctuary and I have declared Al-Madinah to be an inviolable sanctuary; what lies between the two mountains (i.e. of ‘Aer and Uhud). That no blood be shed in it, no weapons for fighting carried in it and no tree will be struck except for the purpose of fodder (i.e. to feed animals). O Allah, bless us in this Madinah of ours. O Allah make alongside this blessing two (additional blessings). And by the one in whose hand is my soul, there is no ravine or mountain path of Al-Madinah except that there are two angels standing guard over them”.
这条isnad(传述链)按照穆斯林(Muslim)的条件是sahih(沙希德,即圣实)的。
I say: This Isnad (chain of transmission) is Sahih upon the conditionality of Muslim.