1.3.1 关于此“穆阿卡哈”(建立兄弟关系)之强度与深度的圣训,其力量与深远之处,为人类历史所未曾有过的。
1.3.1 Narrations revealing the strength of this “Mu’akhaah” (forming of brotherhood) and its depth, the like of which the history of humankind has known no paralle
以下内容载于《沙希布·布哈里圣训集》(5/31/3780),章节标题为“先知(愿主福安之)在迁士与辅士之间缔结兄弟关系”,由伊布拉欣·本·赛阿德转述,他从其父那里,再从其祖父那里听闻,祖父说:
The following was recorded in Sahih Al-Bukhari (5/31/3780) under the chapter heading “The Prophet (peace be upon him) forming a brotherhood between the Muhajirin and the Ansar” as related by Ibrahim bin Sa’d from his father from his grandfather who said:

当穆哈吉尔(迁士)抵达麦地那时,安拉的使者ﷺ在阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼·本·奥夫与萨德·本·拉比尔之间缔结了兄弟之谊。萨德对阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼说:“我是所有安萨尔中最富有的人,所以我想把我的财产平分给我们两人。我有两位妻子,你看看她们两人中你更喜欢哪一位,告诉我,我就与她离婚,等她结束待婚期(即'Idda)后,你再娶她。”阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼说:“愿安拉在你的家人和财产上赐福于你;你们的市场在哪里?”于是,他们为他指路,带他前往白努·盖努迦的市场。(他去了那里)带着赚得的利润回来,有干酪和黄油。他持续前往市场,直到有一天他回来时身上带着黄色的痕迹。先知ﷺ问道:“这是什么(气味)?”他回答说:“我结婚了。”先知ﷺ问道:“你给了她多少聘礼(Mahr)?”他回答说:“我给了她一枚金枣核重的黄金,或者一块与枣核重量相等的金子。”(传述者易卜拉欣对于哪一种说法正确存有疑问。)
“When the Muhajirun (emigrants) arrived in Al-Madinah, Allah's Messenger (peace be upon him) established the bond of brotherhood between Abdur Rahman bin ‘Awf and Sa’d bin Ar-Rabee’. Sa’d said to Abdur Rahman: “I am the wealthiest of all the Ansar, so I want to divide my wealth in half between us, and I have two wives, so see which of the two you like the most and tell me, so that I may divorce her, and when she finishes her prescribed period (i.e. 'Idda) of divorce, then marry her." Abdur-Rahman said, "May Allah bless you in your family and property; where is your marketplace?” So, they guided him to the marketplace of Bani Qainuqaa’. (He went there and) returned with a profit in the form of dried yogurt and butter. He continued going (to the market) till one day he came, bearing the traces of yellow on him. The Prophet (peace be upon him) asked: “What is this (scent)?” He replied: “I got married”. The Prophet (peace be upon him) asked: “How much Mahr did you give her?” He replied: “I gave her a datestone of gold or a gold piece equal to the weight of a date-stone”. (The narrator, Ibrahim, is in doubt as to which was correct.)
据《沙希哈·布哈里圣训集》(5/31/3781)记载,安斯(愿安拉喜悦他)说:
It was also related in Sahih Al-Bukhari (5/31/3781) from Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

“当阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼·本·奥夫来到我们这里(即麦地那)时,安拉的使者ﷺ在他和萨阿德·本·拉比’之间确立了兄弟之情。他很富有。萨阿德说:“安沙尔人都知道我是他们中最富有的人之一,所以我愿把我的财产与你平分。我有两位妻子,你看哪一位更让你满意,我就与她离婚,等她守完待婚期,你就可以娶她。”阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼说:“愿安拉在你的家人身上赐福于你。”那天他回来时,只带了一些乳酪和酥油,那是他经营赚来的利润。没过多久,他又来到安拉的使者ﷺ面前,身上带着淡黄色的香味痕迹。安拉的使者ﷺ问他:“这是怎么回事?”他回答说:“我娶了一位安沙尔妇女。”先知ﷺ问:“你给了她什么聘礼?”他回答:“一颗椰枣核重的黄金。”或者他说:“一颗椰枣核大小的黄金。”于是先知ﷺ说:“举办一场婚宴(瓦利麦),哪怕只杀一只羊也好。”
“When Abdur Rahman bin ‘Awf came to us (i.e. in Al-Madinah), the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) established a bond of brotherhood between him and Sa’d bin Ar-Rabee’ and he had a lot of wealth. Sa’d said: “The Ansar know that I am from those who have the most wealth among them, so I will divide my wealth between us in half. And I have two wives, so look to see which of the two pleases you the most and I will divorce her, and when she completes her waiting period you may marry her”. Abdur Rahman said: “May Allah bless you in your family”. Then he did not return that day except with some cottage cheese and cooking fat which he had earned as a profit. It wasn’t long thereafter, until he came to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and he had traces of yellow scent on him. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) then said to him: “What is this?” He replied: “I married a woman from the Ansar”. He asked: “What dowry did you give her?” He answered: “The weight of date- stone of gold" Or he said: “A date-stone of gold” So, he (peace be upon him) said: “Have a banquet (Walimah), even if with only one sheep”.
据《圣训正本》(Sahih Al-Bukhari)(5/32/3782)记载,艾布·胡莱赖(Abu Hurairah)愿安拉喜悦他,他说:
It was related in Sahih Al-Bukhari (5/32/3782) that Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
安士人对先知ﷺ说:
The Ansar said to the Prophet (peace be upon him):

“把椰枣树在我们和他们(即迁士)之间分配吧。”他回答说:“不。”他说:“我们只需协助(即在劳作上),他们与我们分享椰枣即可。”他们说:“我们听从并服从。”
“Divide the date palm trees between us and them (i.e. the Muhajirun)" He replied: “No”. He said: “It is sufficient for us to assist (i.e. in the work) and they share the dates with us” They said: “We listen and obey”. .
我们在伊本·哈哲尔的《法特哈·巴里》(7/270)中找到了这种“穆阿哈” (兄弟结盟)的细节与特点:"我们在关于安寨(Ansar)品质的章节中,提出了先知ﷺ在穆哈吉尔(Muhajirin)与安寨之间缔结兄弟关系的章节标题。伊本·阿卜杜勒·伯尔说,兄弟关系的缔结发生过两次:一次是专在穆哈吉尔之间进行的,发生在麦加;另一次是在穆哈吉尔与安寨之间进行的,此处所指的正是后者。伊本·萨阿德以瓦基迪的传述链,引述了一群再传弟子的话,他们说:“先知ﷺ抵达麦地那后,在穆哈吉尔与安寨之间缔结兄弟关系,依据是互相扶持(Al-Muwasaah),他们彼此继承遗产。他们共有九十人,其中一些来自穆哈吉尔,一些来自安寨。也有人说他们共有一百人。当启示“有血亲关系的人”(8:75)这节经文降下时,基于那种兄弟关系(Mu’akhaah)而产生的彼此继承就被废止了。在《法拉伊德》(继承法)章节中,将会提到伊本·阿拔斯的圣训:“当他们抵达麦地那后,穆哈吉尔会因真主使者ﷺ所设立的兄弟关系而继承安寨的遗产,而不是血亲关系者,之后便降下了以下经文……”。"
We find the details and features of this “Mu’akhaah” (bonding of brotherhood) in Ibn Hajar’s “Fat’h ul-Bariy (7/270): “We have presented in respect to the qualities of the Ansar the chapter heading of the forming of brotherhood by the Prophet (peace be upon him) between the Muhajirin and the Ansar. Ibn Abdul Barr said that the formation of brotherhood occurred on two occasions; an occasion between the Muhajirin specifically which was in Makkah and an occasion between the Muhajirin and the Ansar, and it is the latter which is intended here. Ibn Sa’d mentioned, with the chains of transmission of Al-Waqidiy from a group of the Taabi’in who said: “When the Prophet (peace be upon him) arrived in Al-Madinah he formed a bond of brotherhood between the Muhajirin and the Ansar upon the basis of Al-Muwasaah (supporting one another) and they use to inherit from one another. They numbered ninety; some from the Muhajirin and some from the Ansar. It was also said that they numbered one hundred. When the Aayah related to “those tied by the womb” (8:75) was revealed the inheritance between in accordance to that brotherhood (Mu’akhaah) between them was negated. In the chapter of the “Faraa’id” (rules of inheritance), the Hadith of Ibn ‘Abbas will be mentioned: “When they arrived in Al-Madinah the Muhajiriy would inherit from the Ansariy, instead of those joined by the womb, through the bond of brotherhood that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) instituted, then the following was revealed …” .
艾哈迈德以类似的内容转述,来自阿慕尔·本·舒艾卜,来自其父,来自其祖父。苏海利说:“先知(愿主赐福他并使他平安)在门徒之间建立了结对的兄弟关系,以消除他们因被疏远而产生的孤独感,抚慰他们因与家人和部族分离而受到的冲击,并使他们能够相互扶持、彼此加强。后来,当伊斯兰变得强大,团结聚拢起来,孤独感消失了,互相继承的制度被废止,他又使全体信士成为一个兄弟团体。这时便降示了:“信士们只是兄弟。”这在情感上以及在宣教的推广方面都有所体现,而他们在宣教初期曾有分歧。有人说,这发生在迁徙后的第五个月;也有人说,发生在迁徙后的第九个月。还有人说,它发生在他建造清真寺的时候,也有人说它发生在建造之前,又有人说它发生在白德尔战役之前的13个月。”
Ahmad related similar to this from ‘Amr bin Sh’aib from his father from his grandfather. As-Suhailiy said: “He (peace be upon him) established a brotherhood (of pairs) amongst his companions to rid the loneliness of being estranged, to sooth them from the impact of the separation from the families and clan and so that they could support and strengthen each other. Then, when Islam became strong, the unity came together and the loneliness disappeared, the inheriting was abolished and he made the believers, all of them together, a brotherhood. This is when “Verily, the believers are but brothers” was revealed. This meant, in terms of affection and the prevalence of the Da’wah whilst they had differed at its beginning. It has been said that this took place five months after the Hijrah (migration), and it has been said that it occurred nine months after the Hijrah. It has also been said that it happened when he was building the Masjid, just as it was said that it was before its building and it was said that it happened after 13 months prior to Badr. .