5.4 Penetapan keotentikan Utsman bin Muhammad bin Al-Mughirah Al-Akhnasi
5.4 The authentication of Uthman bin Muhammad bin Al- Mughira Al-Akhnasi
Yang bernama Abdul Qadir Al-Muhammadi, yang menulis di platform Ahl ul-Hadith pada tanggal 19/03/2007, ketika membahas rantai periwayatan Sahifah (dokumen) Al-Madinah, dengan mengikuti Al-Hafizh Ibn Hajar, menyatakan: [Adapun Utsman bin Muhammad bin Mughirah Al-Akhnas Ats-Tsaqafi Al-Hijazi, maka dia adalah seorang Saduq (orang yang jujur) yang memiliki Awham (riwayat-riwayat yang keliru) dan Manaakir (hadis yang ditolak oleh para ulama lain)]. Hal ini juga tercatat dalam arsip portal Ahl ul-Hadith di perpustakaan elektronik Shamela (2 - 51/390). Bahkan lafaz "Manaakir" yang digunakan di sini diambil dari sumber lain dan bukan dari ucapan Al-Hafizh Ibn Hajar. Oleh karena itu, mungkin lebih tepat untuk memulai dengan ringkasan Ibn Hajar sebagaimana terdapat dalam "Taqrib At-Tahdhib"-nya, kemudian langsung diikuti dengan koreksinya secara ringkas dengan metodologi yang sama seperti "Taqrib At-Tahdhib", sebelum melanjutkan dengan memberikan bukti rinci yang menetapkan keabsahan koreksi kami.
The one named Abdul Qadir Al-Muhammadi, who wrote on the Ahl ul-Hadith platform on the date 19/03/2007, when discussing the chains of transmission of the Sahifa (document) of Al-Madinah, in imitation to Al-Hafizh Ibn Hajar, stated: [As for Uthman bin Muhammad bin Mughirah Al-Akhnas Ath-Thaqafi Al-Hijazi, then he is a Saduq (truthful person) who has Awham (erroneous narrations) and Manaakir (Hadith rejected by others)]. This was also recorded in the archives of the Ahl ul-Hadith portal in the Shamela e-library (2 - 51/390). Even the wording “Manaakir” employed here, was taken from another source and was not from the speech of Al-Hafizh Ibn Hajar. It may therefore be more appropriate to begin with the summary of Ibn Hajar as found in his “Taqrib At- Tahdhib” and then follow that directly by correcting it in a concise manner following the same methodology as “Taqrib At-Tahdhib”, before going on to provide detailed evidence establishing the validity of our correction:
- Disebutkan dalam “At-Taqrib At-Tahdhib” (1/386/4515): [Utsman bin Muhammad bin Al-Mughirah bin Al-Akhnas bin Syariq Ats-Tsaqafi Al-Akhnasi (Hijazi) adalah Saduq yang memiliki Awham, dari tingkatan keenam (yakni tingkatan periwayatan)].
- The following was stated in “At-Taqrib At-Tahdhib” (1/386/4515): [Uthman bin Muhammad bin Al-Mughirah bin Al-Akhnas bin Shariq Ath-Thaqafi Al-Akhnasi (Hijazi) is Saduq who had Awham, from the sixth (i.e. level of transmission)].
- Ini merupakan kesalahan dan kelalaian besar dari Al-Hafizh, dan memang benar jika hal itu dikatakan: [Utsman bin Muhammad bin Al-Mughirah bin Al-Akhnas bin Syariq Ats-Tsaqafi Al-Akhnasi (Madani) adalah seorang Tsiqah (terpercaya - dapat diandalkan), Faqih (ahli fikih), seorang ulama dalam bidang Al-Maghazi dan sejarah, dari tingkatan keempat (yakni tingkatan periwayatan)]. Selain itu, ia biasanya disebut dengan nama: Utsman bin Muhammad Al-Akhnasi, atau Utsman bin Muhammad bin Al-Mughirah, atau Utsman Al-Akhnasi. Pada bagian berikut kami akan menjelaskan dengan bukti setiap bagian dari pernyataan kami, kata demi kata. Pertama-tama kami akan menyajikan teks-teks para Imam mengenai orang ini:
- This represents an error and major omission from Al-Hafizh and it was correct for it to have been said: [Uthman bin Muhammad bin Al- Mughirah bin Al-Akhnas bin Shariq Ath-Thaqafi Al-Akhnasi (Madaniy) is a Thiqah (trustworthy - reliable) Faqih (jurist), a scholar in Al-Maghazi and history, from the fourth (i.e. level of transmission)]. In addition, he is normally mentioned by the name: Uthman bin Muhammad Al-Akhnasi, or Utham bin Muhammad bin Al-Mughirah, or Uthman Al-Akhnasi. In the following section we will make clear by way of evidence every part of our statement, word for word. We will first present the texts of the Imams concerning this man:
- Berikut ini disebutkan dalam “At-Tarikh Al-Kabir” (6/249/2305):
- The following came stated in “At-Tarikh Al-Kabir” (6/249/2305):
[Utsman bin Muhammad bin Al-Mughirah bin Al-Akhnas bin Sariq Ats-Tsaqafi Al-Akhnasiy (Hijazi) meriwayatkan dari Sa'id Al-Maqbari dan Az-Zuhri. Az-Zuhri, Abdullah bin Ja'far Al-Makhrami dan Muhammad bin 'Amr bin 'Alqamah meriwayatkan darinya]. Saya berkata: Di sini, Al-Bukhari tidak menegaskan secara pasti bahwa Utsman bin Muhammad bin Al-Mughirah Al-Akhnasi mendengar (langsung) dari Sa'id Al-Maqbari.
[Uthman bin Muhammad Al-Mughirah bin Al-Akhnas bin Sariq Ath- Thaqafi Al-Akhnasiy (Hijazi) related from Sa’id Al-Maqbari and Az- Zuhriy. Az-Zuhri, Abdullah bin Ja’far Al-Makhrami and Muhammad bin ‘Amr bin ‘Alqamah related from him]. I say: Here, Al-Bukhari did not assert authoritatively that Uthman bin Muhammad bin Al-Mughirah Al-Akhnasi heard (directly) from Sa’id Al-Maqbari.
- Dalam “Al-‘Ilal Al-Kabir” karya At-Tirmidzi (161) 273), disebutkan sebagai berikut:
- In “Al-‘Ilal Al-Kabir” by At-Tirmidhi (161) 273), the following came stated:
“Muhammad bin Yahya meriwayatkan kepada kami dari Mu’alla bin Mansur, dari Abdullah bin Ja’far Al-Makhrami, dari Utsman bin Muhammad Al-Akhnasi, dari Sa’id Al-Maqbari, dari Abu Hurairah, yang berkata:
“Muhammad bin Yahya related to us from Mu’alla bin Mansur, from Abdullah bin Ja’far Al- Makhrami, from Uthman bin Muhammad Al- Akhnasi, from Sa’id Al-Maqbari, from Abu Hurairah, who said:

Bahwa Nabi ﷺ melaknat laki-laki yang menikahi seorang wanita dengan tujuan menceraikannya agar wanita itu dapat kembali kepada suami pertamanya, dan juga laki-laki (suami pertama) yang untuknya hal itu dilakukan.
“That the Prophet (peace be upon him) cursed the man who married a woman in order to divorce her so that she may go back to her first husband and the man (the first husband) for whom that is done”.
Saya bertanya kepada Muhammad tentang hadits ini, dan beliau berkata: "Ini adalah hadits Hasan: Abdullah bin Ja'far Al-Makhrami adalah Saduq Thiqah, Utsman bin Muhammad Al-Akhnasi adalah Thiqah, dan saya dahulu berpendapat bahwa Utsman tidak pernah mendengar (secara langsung) dari Sa'id Al-Maqbari." [Akhir kutipan]
I asked Muhammad about this Hadith and he said: “It is a Hasan Hadith: Abdullah bin Ja’far Al- Makhrami is Saduq Thiqah, Uthman bin Muhammad Al-Akhnasi is Thiqah, and I used to believe that Uthman had not heard (directly) from Sa’id Al-Maqbari” [End of Quote].
Di sini, Al-Bukhari memastikan bahwa Utsman bin Muhammad bin Al-Mughirah Al-Akhnasi mendengar (secara langsung) dari Sa'id Al-Maqbari, dan menegaskan keshahihan riwayat tersebut dengan tegas.
I say: Here, Al-Bukhari verified that Uthman bin Muhammad bin Al- Mughirah Al-Akhnasi heard (directly) from Sa’id Al-Maqbari and asserted its solidity authoritatively.
- Berikut ini disebutkan dalam "At-Tabaqat Al-Kubra" [Mutammim At-Tabi'in] (hlm: 271):
- The following came stated in “At-Tabaqat Al-Kubra” [Mutammim At-Tabi’in] (p: 271):
[Muhammad bin ‘Umar meriwayatkan dari Abdur Rahman bin Abu Az-Zinad, dari ayahnya, yang berkata: “Mereka berjumlah sepuluh orang yang duduk dalam satu majelis dan dikenal karena hal itu. Di antara mereka terdapat Ya’qub bin ‘Utbah, dan tidak seorang pun dari mereka yang memiliki keutamaan sebanyak dirinya; bahkan tidak terdengar suara kucing di rumahnya”. Muhammad bin ‘Umar berkata: “Kesepuluh orang itu sebaya, mereka adalah para Fuqaha’ (ahli fikih) dan ‘Ulama’ (cendekiawan). Mereka antara lain: Ya’qub bin ‘Utbah, Utsman bin Muhammad bin Al-Akhnas, Abdullah, Abdur Rahman, Al-Harits, Banu ‘Ikramah bin Abdur Rahman bin Al-Harits bin Hisyam, Sa’d bin Ibrahim, As-Salt bin Zabid, Shalih bin Kaisan, Abdullah bin Yazid bin Hurmuz dan Abdullah bin Yazid Al-Hudzali. Ya’qub adalah seorang yang Tsiqah (terpercaya – dapat diandalkan), ia memiliki banyak Hadits, pengetahuan tentang periwayatan dan Sirah di antara bidang-bidang lainnya”.]
[Muhammad bin ‘Umar related from Abdur Rahman bin Abu Az-Zinad from his father, who said: “They were ten sitting in a single sitting who were known by it. They included among them Ya’qub bin ‘Utbah and none of them had as many virtues as him, not even the sound of a cat could be heard in his house”. Muhammd bin ‘Umar said: “Those ten were of the same age group, they were Fuqahaa’ (jurists) and ‘Ulamaa’ (Scholars). They included: Ya’qub bin ‘Utbah, Uthman bin Muhammad bin Al-Akhnas, Abdullah, Abdur Rahman, Al-Harith Banu ‘Ikramah bin Abdur Rahman bin Al-Harith bin Hisham, Sa’d bin Ibrahim, As-Salt bin Zabid, Salih bin Kaisan, Abdullah bin Yazid bin Hurmuz and Abdullah bin Yazid Al-Hudhiliy. Ya’qub was Thiqah (trustworthy – reliable), he had many Ahadeeth, knowledge of transmission and Seerah among other areas].

"Barangsiapa yang diangkat menjadi hakim di antara manusia, maka sungguh ia telah disembelih tanpa pisau."
“Whoever has been made a judge among the people, then he has been slaughtered without a knife”.
Al-‘Abbas bin Muhammad bin Hatim Ad-Dawri meriwayatkan dari Hisham bin Ubaidullah Ar-Razi, dari Abdullah bin Ja’far bin Abdur Rahman bin Al-Miswar Ibn Makhrama. Dari Utsman bin Muhammad, dari Al-A’raj dan Al-Maqburi, dari Abu Hurairah, ia berkata: Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda: “Barangsiapa diangkat menjadi hakim di antara manusia, maka sungguh ia telah disembelih tanpa pisau”.
Al-‘Abbas bin Muhammad bin Hatim Ad-Dawri related from Hisham bin Ubaidullah Ar-Razi, from Abdullah bin Ja’far bin Abdur Rahman bin Al-Miswar Ibn Makhrama. From Uthman bin Muhammad, from Al-Aa’raj and Al-Maqburi, from Abu Hurairah, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: “Whoever has been made a judge among the people, then he has been slaughtered without a knife”.
Ishaq bin Al-Hasan meriwayatkan dari Hisham Ar-Razi; ia kemudian bingung atau keliru dalam sanadnya … Ia berkata: Hisham bin Ubaidullah bin Bilal Ar-Razi meriwayatkan dari Abdullah bin Ja’far Al-Makhrami, dari Muhammad bin Ibrahim … Ia berkata: Aku meyakini bahwa hadits ini berasal dari Al-Muqbari dan Al-Aa’raj, dari Abu Hurairah, dari Nabi ﷺ: Hadits yang sama (yaitu Barangsiapa diangkat menjadi hakim). Pernyataannya: Muhammad bin Ibrahim adalah keliru, dan karena itu pernyataan (atau pandangan) yang benar adalah apa yang dikatakan Ad-Dawriy. Abdullah bin Ja’far bin Mus’ab bin Abdullah Az-Zubairi meriwayatkan dari kakeknya, dari Al-Mughira bin Abdur Rahman, dari Abdullah (yakni Ibnu Sa’id Ibnu Abu Hind), dari Utsman bin Muhammad Al-Akhnasi, dari Sa’id Al-Maqburi, dari Abu Hurairah: Bahwa Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda: “Barangsiapa diangkat menjadi hakim di antara manusia, maka ia sungguh telah disembelih tanpa pisau.”
Ishaq bin Al-Hasan related from Hisham Ar-Razi; he was then confused or erred in the Isnad … He said: Hisham bin Ubaidullah bin Bilal Ar-Razi related from Abdullah bin Ja’far Al-Makhrami, from Muhammad bin Ibrahim … He said: I believe it to be from Al-Muqbari and Al-Aa’raj, from Abu Hurairah, from the Prophet (peace be upon him): The same Hadith (i.e. Whoever has been made a judge). His statement: Muhammad bin Ibrahim is an error and therefore the correct statement (or view) is what Ad-Dawriy said. Abdullah bin Ja’far bin Mus’ab bin Abdullah Az-Zubairi related from his grandfather, from Al-Mughira bin Abdur Rahman, from Abdullah (meaning Ibn Sa’id Ibn Abu Hind), from Uthman bin Muhammad Al- Akhnasi, from Sa’id Al-Maqburi, from Abu Hurairah: That the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: “Whoever has been made a judge among the people, then he has been slaughtered without a knife”.


[Muhammad bin Yahya meriwayatkan dari Abdul ‘Aziz bin ‘Imran, dari ayahnya, dari Utsman bin Muhammad bin Al-Mughira bin Al-Akhnas bin Syariq Ats-Tsaqafi, dari ibunya Hukaimah, yang berkata: “Aku bersama empat orang yang menguburkan Utsman bin ‘Affan, semoga Allah meridhainya: Jubair bin Muth’im, Hakim bin Hizam, Abu Jahm bin Hudzaifah dan Nayyar bin Mukram Al-Aslami. Mereka mengangkatnya melewati pintu, sementara aku mendengar kepalanya terbentur pada pintu seakan-akan itu labu, berbunyi ‘dub’ ‘dub’, hingga mereka sampai di Husy Kawkab. Lalu ia dikuburkan, dinding dirobohkan di atasnya, dan ia dishalatkan”. Husy Kawkab adalah tempat di pangkal dinding yang berada di sebelah timur Al-Baqi’ (pemakaman) dan dikenal sebagai Khadra’ Aban, dan ia adalah Aban bin Utsman.]
[Muhammad bin Yahya related from Abdul ‘Aziz bin ‘Imran, from his father, from Uthman bin Muhammad bin Al-Mughira bin Al-Akhnas bin Shariq Ath-Thaqafi, from his mother Hukaimah, who said: “I was with the four who buried Uthman bin ‘Affan, may Allah be pleased with him: Jubair bin Mut’im, Hakim bin Hizam, Abu Jahm bin Hudhaifah and Nayyar bin Mukram Al-Aslami. They carried him across the door whilst I heard his head rap upon the door as if it was a pumpkin saying ‘dub’ ‘dub’, until they reached Hushsh Kawkab. He was then buried, the wall was demolished over him and he was prayed upon”. Hushsh Kawkab place at the base of the wall which is in the east of Al-Baqi’ (burial ground) and known as Khadra’ Aban and he is Aban bin Uthman].
Saya berkata: Sangat tidak mungkin bahwa Hakimah ini, ibu dari Utsman bin Muhammad bin Al-Mughirah, adalah seorang anak kecil (yakni pada saat kejadian ini) yang tidak mampu memandikan (jenazah), menyiapkannya, mengusungnya, atau melakukan apa pun dari keperluan-keperluan pemakaman. Maka sangat mungkin ia adalah seorang wanita dewasa yang muda, yang usianya tidak kurang dari dua puluh tahun. Sementara itu, wanita pada umumnya tidak lagi mampu melahirkan anak setelah usia sekitar 45 tahun, yang berarti batas paling akhir ia melahirkan adalah tahun 60 H atau mendekati tahun tersebut. Oleh karena itu, Utsman bin Muhammad bin Al-Akhnas pastilah lahir sebelum tahun 60 H. Jika kita menimbang kemungkinan yang paling besar, maka kita katakan bahwa kelahirannya sekitar tahun 45 H, karena ia sebaya dengan Imam Shalih bin Kaisan. Selain itu, tidak mungkin ia lahir sebelum tahun 45 H, sebab jika demikian ia tentu tidak akan sempat bertemu Abu Hurairah. Ia juga akan lebih tua dari Az-Zuhri sekitar 15-20 tahun, dan dengan demikian tidak mengherankan bahwa Az-Zuhri meriwayatkan darinya, karena ia termasuk yang paling muda di antara para syaikhnya.
I say: It is very unlikely that this Hakimah, the mother of Uthman bin Muhammad bin Al-Mughirah, was a young child (i.e. at the time of this incident) who was not capable of washing (the body), preparing it, carrying it or undertaking any of the necessities of burials. It is therefore most likely that she was a young mature woman of no less than twenty years of age. That is whilst an average woman can no longer bear children past approximately 45 years of age which would make the latest possible time for her to have given birth the year 60 AH or close to that. Consequently, Uthman bin Muhammad bin Al- Akhnas was most definitely born prior to 60 AH. If we were to outweigh the most likely scenario, we would say that his birth would have been around 45 AH. That is because he was of similar age to Imam Salih bin Kaisan. In addition, it is unlikely that it was before the year 45 AH because he would not then have missed Abu Hurairah. He would therefore have been older than Az-Zuhri by about 15-20 years and as such there is no wonder that Az-Zuhri related from him because he was from among the younger of his Shuyukh.

[Hadits Abu Hurairah telah diriwayatkan darinya melalui lebih dari satu jalur. Sebagian ulama telah membicarakan Abu Ma'syar dari segi hafalannya (atau kekuatan hafalannya). Namanya adalah Najih, mawla Bani Hasyim. Muhammad (Al-Bukhari) berkata: "Aku tidak meriwayatkan apa pun darinya, meskipun orang-orang telah meriwayatkan darinya". Muhammad (Al-Bukhari) berkata: "Hadits Abdullah bin Ja'far Al-Makhrami, dari Utsman bin Muhammad Al-Akhnasi, dari Sa'id Al-Maqburi, dari Abu Hurairah, lebih kuat daripada hadits Abu Ma'syar dan lebih sahih"]
[The Hadith of Abu Hurairah has been related from him from more than one angle. Some of the people of knowledge have spoken about Abu Ma’shar from the angle of his memory (or preservation). His name is Najih the Mawla of Bani Hashim. Muhammad (Al-Bukhari) said: “I don’t narrate anything from him although people have related from him”. Muhammad (Al-Bukhari) said: “The Hadith of Abdullah bin Ja’far Al-Makhrami, from Uthman bin Muhammad Al- Akhnasi, from Sa’id Al-Maqburi, from Abu Hurairah, is stronger than the Hadith of Abu Ma’shar and more authentic].
- Hadits ini diriwayatkan dalam Sunan At-Tirmidzi (1/448/344): [Al-Hasan bin Bakr Al-Marwazi meriwayatkan dari Al-Mu’alla bin Manshur, dari Abdullah bin Ja’far Al-Makhrami, dari Utsman bin Muhammad Al-Akhnasi, dari Sa’id Al-Maqburi, dari Abu Hurairah, dari Nabi ﷺ, beliau bersabda: “Antara Timur dan Barat adalah kiblat”]. At-Tirmidzi kemudian berkata: Ini adalah hadits hasan shahih. Abdullah bin Ja’far Al-Makhrami hanya disebut karena ia adalah putra Al-Miswar bin Makhramah. Selain itu, (hadits) “Antara Timur dan Barat adalah kiblat” telah diriwayatkan oleh lebih dari satu sahabat Nabi ﷺ, di antaranya Umar bin Al-Khattab, Ali bin Abu Thalib, dan Ibnu Abbas. Ibnu Umar berkata: “Jika engkau menjadikan Timur di sebelah kananmu dan Barat di sebelah kirimu, maka yang berada di antara keduanya adalah kiblat, ketika engkau berusaha menghadap kiblat”. Ibnul Mubarak berkata: [“Antara Timur dan Barat adalah kiblat” – ini berlaku bagi penduduk Barat]. Dan Abdullah bin Al-Mubarak memilih keringanan dalam hal ini bagi penduduk Merv.
- The following came recorded in the Sunan of At-Tirmidhi (1/448/344): [Al-Hasan bin Bakr Al-Marwazi related from Al-Mu’alla bin Mansur, from Abdullah bin Ja’far Al-Makhrami, from Uthman bin Muhammad Al-Akhnasi, from Sa’id Al-Maqburi, from Abu Hurairah, from the Prophet (peace be upon him), who said: “What is between the East and the West is a Qiblah”]. At-Tirmidhi then said: This is a Hasan Sahih Hadith. ‘Abdullah bin Ja’far Al-Makhrami was only said because he is the son of Al-Miswar bin Makhramah. In addition, (The Hadith) “What is between the East and the West is a Qiblah” has been related by more than one of the companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him) including ‘Umar ibn Al—Khattab, ‘Ali bin Abu Talib and Ibn ‘Abbas. Ibn ‘Umar said: “If you made the East be on your right and the West on your left, then what lies between them is a Qiblah, when you are seeking to face the Qiblah”. Ibn ul-Mubarajk said: [“What is between the East and the West is a Qiblah” – This relates to the people of the West]. And Abdullah ibn ul-Mubarak chose leniency in the matter for the people of Merv].