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1.1 Keadaan yang melatarbelakangi penulisan Sahifah (dokumen) Madinah
1.1 The circumstances surrounding the writing of the Sahifah (document) of Al-Madinah
by Dr Muhammad Al-Massari27 min readViewed 199 times
Termasuk hal yang sudah mapan bahwa Nabi ﷺ pernah menuliskan sebuah dokumen konstitusional dan menerapkannya untuk mengatur sebagian hubungan di Madinah, ibu kota Negara Islam yang baru muncul. Riwayat berikut ini disampaikan dengan sanad yang paling sahih dalam "Sunan Abu Dawud" (3/154/3000) dan dalam versi cetakan lain dari "Sunan"-nya (3/114/3002):
It is from the established matters that the Prophet (peace be upon him) had a constitutional document written down and that he adopted it for the regulation of some of the relationships in Madinah, the capital of the newly arising Islamic State. The following has been narrated with the most authentic of chains of transmission in the “Sunan of Abu Dawud” (3/154/3000) and in another printed version of his “Sunan” (3/114/3002):
Az-Zuhriy meriwayatkan dari Abdurrahman bin Abdullah bin Ka'b bin Malik, dari ayahnya yang termasuk tiga orang yang diterima taubatnya (yaitu Ka'b bin Malik):
Az-Zuhriy related from Abdur Rahman bin Abdullah bin Ka’b bin Malik from his father who was one of the three whose repentance had been accepted (i.e. Ka’b bin Malik):
Ka'b bin Al-Asyraf dahulu mengejek Nabi ﷺ dan menghasut orang-orang kafir Quraisy untuk memusuhinya. Ketika Nabi ﷺ datang ke Madinah, penduduknya bercampur-baur; sebagian dari mereka adalah kaum Muslimin, sebagian lain adalah kaum musyrik yang menyembah berhala, dan sebagian lainnya adalah orang-orang Yahudi. Mereka berusaha menyakiti dan mencela Nabi ﷺ serta para sahabatnya. Kemudian Allah Yang Maha Tinggi memerintahkan Nabi-Nya untuk bersabar dan memaafkan. Allah menurunkan wahyu berkenaan dengan mereka.
“Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf used to mock the Prophet (ﷺ) and incited the disbelievers of the Quraish against him. When the Prophet (ﷺ) came to Madinah, its people were a mixed blend; some of them were Muslims and others were polytheists who worshipped idols whilst some were Jews. They used to seek to bring harm/abuse to the Prophet (ﷺ) and his Companions. Then Allah, the Most High, commanded His Prophet to show patience and to overlook. Allah revealed in respect to them .
“Sungguh kalian pasti akan diuji pada harta dan diri kalian. Dan sungguh kalian pasti akan mendengar dari orang-orang yang diberi Kitab sebelum kalian dan dari orang-orang yang mempersekutukan (Allah) gangguan yang banyak. Namun jika kalian bersabar dan bertakwa, sesungguhnya yang demikian itu termasuk perkara yang patut diutamakan” (QS. Ali 'Imran: 186).
“You will surely be tested in your possessions and in yourselves. And you will surely hear from those who were given the Scripture before you and from those who associate others with Allah much abuse. But if you are patient and fear Allah - indeed, that is of the matters [worthy] of determination” (TMQ 3:186). .
Ketika Ka’b bin Al Ashraf tetap tidak mau berhenti menyakiti Nabi ﷺ, Nabi ﷺ memerintahkan Sa’d bin Mu’adh untuk mengirim sekelompok kecil orang untuk membunuhnya. Beliau lalu mengutus Muhammad bin Maslamah. Kemudian beliau menyebutkan kisah pembunuhannya.
When Ka’b bin Al Ashraf refused to desist from hurting the Prophet (ﷺ) the Prophet(ﷺ) ordered Sa’d bin Mu’adh to send a small group to kill him. He sent Muhammad bin Maslamah. He then mentioned the story of his killing. .
Ketika mereka membunuhnya, orang-orang Yahudi dan kaum musyrikin sangat terkejut. Keesokan harinya mereka datang kepada Nabi ﷺ dan berkata: "Sahabat kami diserang dan dibunuh pada malam hari." Nabi ﷺ kemudian memberitahukan mereka tentang apa yang telah beliau katakan. Nabi ﷺ lalu memanggil mereka agar beliau dapat menulis sebuah dokumen perjanjian antara beliau dan mereka, untuk menjadi rujukan mereka (dalam urusan-urusan). Maka beliau pun menulis sebuah dokumen (Sahifah) perjanjian antara beliau, mereka (kaum non-Muslim), dan kaum Muslimin pada umumnya." Riwayat berikut ini juga disebutkan melalui Abu Dawud dalam "Dalaa'il An-Nubuwwah" karya Al-Baihaqi (3/198):
“Ka’b bin Al-Asyraf biasa mengejek Nabi (ﷺ) … Kemudian ia menyebutkan riwayat tersebut. Dan hadits Abdul-Kareem lebih lengkap …”. Kita akan membahas hadits Abdul-Kareem nanti.
“Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf used to mock the Prophet (ﷺ) … He then went on to mention it (i.e. the narration). And the Hadith of Abdul-Kareem is more complete …”. We will come to the Hadith of Abdul-Kareem later. .
Al-Albani berkata: Sanad (rantai periwayatan) hadits ini shahih. Saya berkata: Ya (memang demikian), dan apa yang disebutkan tentang adanya keguncangan (idhtirab) pada sanad tidak berpengaruh buruk terhadap hal itu.
Al-Albani said: The Isnad (Chain of narration) is Sahih. I say: Yes (that is correct) and what has been mentioned in terms of the existence of instability (Idtiraab) in the Isnad does not negatively impact that. .
Itu karena:
That is because:
1) Hadis ini diriwayatkan oleh Abdur Rahman bin Abdullah bin Ka’b bin Malik dari ayahnya, Abdullah bin Ka’b bin Malik, yang menuntun Ka’b bin Malik setelah ia menjadi buta, dan ia meriwayatkan dari ayahnya, sahabat Ka’b bin Malik, salah seorang dari tiga orang yang diterima taubatnya, sebagaimana telah dicatat dalam banyak hadis dalam Shahih Al-Bukhari dan Muslim. Maka hadis ini sahih menurut syarat keduanya.
1) Either it was related by Abdur Rahman Bin Abdullah Bin Ka’b Bin Malik from his father Abdullah Bin Ka’b Bin Malik, who use to guide Ka’b Bin Malik after he became blind, who related from his father, the Sahaabiy Ka’b Bin Malik, one of the three whose repentance was accepted, as has been recorded in numerous Ahaadeeth of Al- Bukhaari and Muslim. And so, the Hadith is Sahih (authentic) upon their conditionality. .
2) Atau, hadis ini diriwayatkan oleh Abdur Rahman bin Abdullah bin Ka’b bin Malik dari kakeknya (secara langsung), yaitu seorang Sahabat, Ka’b bin Malik. Hal itu karena Abdur Rahman biasa menuntun kakeknya atas nama ayahnya, Abdullah, dalam beberapa kesempatan. Selain itu, orang Arab biasa menyebut kakek mereka sebagai ayah. (Terlebih lagi, kakek juga termasuk ayah, sebagaimana ditegaskan dalam Al-Qur’an. Hal ini sekaligus merupakan keniscayaan bahasa yang dibangun di atas keniscayaan indrawi dan rasional). Sesungguhnya, ini adalah kebiasaan yang berlaku terus-menerus dan tetap. Oleh karena itu, pernyataan dalam silsilah periwayatan “dari ayahnya” bermakna dari kakeknya.
3) Atau hadis ini diriwayatkan oleh Abdur Rahman bin Ka’b bin Malik dari ayahnya, yaitu seorang Sahabat, Ka’b bin Malik, dan bukan dari Abdur Rahman bin Abdullah bin Ka’b bin Malik. Az-Zuhriy mendengar (yakni mengambil riwayat) dari Abdur Rahman bin Abdullah bin Ka’b bin Malik sekaligus dari namesake-nya dan pamannya dari pihak ayah, Abdur Rahman bin Ka’b bin Malik. Ketidakkonsistenan itu hanya berasal dari Az-Zuhriy, karena ia meriwayatkan dari hafalannya; pada suatu kesempatan ia mengingatnya begini dan pada kesempatan lain ia mengingatnya begitu, akibat dekatnya nasab dan nama-nama tersebut. Terkadang ia lebih memilih kehati-hatian dan meriwayatkannya secara mursal (dengan silsilah periwayat yang terputus).
Bahwa seorang Yahudi, Ka’b bin Al-Asyraf, adalah seorang penyair yang biasa mengejek Rasulullah ﷺ dan menghasut kaum kafir Quraisy untuk memusuhi beliau melalui syair-syairnya. Ketika Rasulullah ﷺ tiba di Madinah, penduduknya terdiri dari campuran yang beragam: kaum Muslimin yang dipersatukan oleh dakwah Rasulullah ﷺ, kaum musyrikin yang menyembah berhala, dan kaum Yahudi yang merupakan orang-orang bersenjata dan memiliki benteng-benteng, serta menjadi sekutu penduduk (Yatsrib), yaitu suku Aus dan Khazraj. Ketika Rasulullah ﷺ tiba di Al-Madinah, beliau ingin memperbaiki keadaan mereka semua. Ada seseorang yang menjadi Muslim sementara ayahnya seorang musyrik, dan ada seorang Muslim yang saudaranya seorang musyrik. Ketika Rasulullah ﷺ datang ke Al-Madinah, kaum musyrikin dan Yahudi berupaya mendatangkan bahaya dan gangguan yang besar kepada Rasulullah ﷺ dan para sahabat beliau. Allah Yang Mahatinggi memerintahkan Rasul-Nya dan kaum Muslimin untuk bersabar menghadapi hal itu dan memaafkan mereka. Allah, Yang Maha Suci pujian-Nya, menurunkan firman-Nya berkenaan dengan mereka: “Sungguh, kamu pasti akan diuji dalam harta dan dirimu. Dan sungguh, kamu pasti akan mendengar dari orang-orang yang diberi kitab sebelum kamu dan dari orang-orang yang mempersekutukan Allah, gangguan yang banyak. Jika kamu bersabar dan bertakwa, maka sesungguhnya yang demikian itu termasuk perkara yang diutamakan” (QS. Ali 'Imran: 186).
“That the Jew Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf was a poet and he use to mock the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and incite the disbelievers of Quraish against him in his poetry. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) came to Madinah and its people were a blended mix, consisting of the Muslims who were unified by the Da’wah (call) of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), the Mushrikeen (polytheists) who worshiped idols and the Jews who were people of weaponry and fortresses and were allies of the inhabitants (of Yathrib); the Aws and the Khazraj. When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) arrived in Al-Madinah, he wanted to remedy the situation of them all. A man would be a Muslim and his father a Mushrik (polytheist), and a man would be Muslim and his brother a Mushrik. When the Messenger (peace be upon him) came to Al- Madinah, the polytheists and Jews used to seek to bring great harm/abuse to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and his companions. Allah, the Most High, commanded his Messenger and the Muslims to persevere patiently upon that and overlook them. Allah, glorified be His praise, revealed in respect to them: “You will surely be tested in your possessions and in yourselves. And you will surely hear from those who were given the Scripture before you and from those who associate others with Allah much abuse. But if you are patient and fear Allah - indeed, that is of the matters [worthy] of determination” (TMQ 3:186). .
Bahwa orang Yahudi bernama Ka'b bin Al-Ashraf adalah seorang penyair, dan ia biasa mengejek Rasulullah ﷺ serta para sahabatnya dan menghasut kaum kafir Quraisy untuk melawan mereka dalam syairnya. Ketika Rasulullah ﷺ datang ke Madinah, penduduknya beragam: terdapat kaum Muslim yang dipersatukan oleh dakwah Rasulullah ﷺ, kaum musyrik yang menyembah berhala, dan kaum Yahudi, termasuk di antara mereka orang-orang yang ahli dalam persenjataan dan benteng, serta mereka adalah sekutu penduduk (Yatsrib), yaitu suku Aus dan Khazraj. Ketika Rasulullah ﷺ tiba di Al-Madinah, beliau ingin memperbaiki keadaan mereka semua dan membuat perjanjian dengan mereka. Ada seseorang yang menjadi Muslim sementara ayahnya seorang musyrik, dan ada seseorang yang menjadi Muslim sementara saudaranya seorang musyrik. Ketika Rasulullah ﷺ datang ke Al-Madinah, kaum musyrik dan Yahudi kerap menimbulkan gangguan dan celaan besar terhadap Rasulullah ﷺ dan para sahabatnya. Allah Yang Maha Tinggi memerintahkan Nabi-Nya ﷺ dan kaum Muslim untuk bersabar menghadapi hal itu dan memaafkan mereka. Allah Yang Maha Tinggi menurunkan firman-Nya mengenai mereka: {"Kamu pasti akan diuji pada harta benda dan dirimu. Dan kamu pasti akan mendengar dari orang-orang yang diberi kitab sebelum kamu dan dari orang-orang musyrik gangguan yang banyak. Jika kamu bersabar dan bertakwa, maka sesungguhnya yang demikian itu termasuk urusan yang diutamakan."} (QS. Ali 'Imran: 186). Dan Allah juga menurunkan firman-Nya mengenai mereka: {"Banyak di antara Ahli Kitab menginginkan agar mereka dapat mengembalikan kamu kepada kekafiran setelah kamu beriman, karena dengki yang timbul dari diri mereka sendiri, setelah kebenaran jelas bagi mereka. Maka maafkanlah dan biarkanlah mereka sampai Allah mendatangkan perintah-Nya. Sesungguhnya Allah Maha Kuasa atas segala sesuatu."} (QS. Al-Baqarah: 109).
“That the Jew Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf was a poet and he use to mock the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and his companions and incite the disbelievers of Quraish against them in his poetry. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) came to Madinah and its people were a mix; consisting of the Muslims who were unified by the Da’wah (call) of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), the Mushrikeen (polytheists) who worshiped idols and the Jews including those from them who were people of weaponry and fortresses and they were the allies of the inhabitants (of Yathrib); the Aws and the Khazraj. When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) arrived in Al-Madinah he wanted to remedy the situation of them all and make a treaty with them. A man would be a Muslim and his father a Mushrik (polytheist) and a man would be Muslim and his brother a Mushrik. When the Messenger (peace be upon him) came to Al-Madinah, the polytheists and Jews would bring great harm/abuse to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and his companions. Allah, the Most High, commanded his Prophet (peace be upon him) and the Muslims to persevere patiently upon that and overlook them. Allah, the Most High, revealed in respect to them: “You will surely be tested in your possessions and in yourselves. And you will surely hear from those who were given the Scripture before you and from those who associate others with Allah much abuse. But if you are patient and fear Allah - indeed, that is of the matters [worthy] of determination” (TMQ 3:186). And Allah also revealed in respect to them: “Many of the People of the Scripture wish they could turn you back to disbelief after you have believed, out of envy from themselves [even] after the truth has become clear to them. So pardon and overlook until Allah delivers His command. Verily, Allah is capable over all matters” (TMQ 2:109). .
Bahwa orang Yahudi Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf adalah seorang penyair, dan ia biasa mengejek Rasulullah ﷺ dan para sahabatnya serta menghasut untuk memusuhi mereka, dengan mengatakan, “Siapa yang akan membunuh Ka’b?” Kemudian, ketika ia menolak untuk berhenti menyakiti Rasulullah ﷺ dan menyakiti kaum Muslimin, Rasulullah ﷺ memerintahkan Sa’d bin Mu’adz, Muhammad bin Maslamah, Abu ‘Eisaa bin Al-Harith, anak saudara laki-laki Sa’d bin Mu’adz, sebagai bagian dari sebuah kelompok yang berjumlah lima orang. Mereka kemudian mendatangi Ka’b … Dan ia menyebutkan hal yang sama (yaitu sebagaimana riwayat sebelumnya).
“That the Jew Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf was a poet and he use to mock the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and his companions and incite against them, saying “Who if for Ka’b?” Then, when he refused to refrain from harming the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and harming the Muslims, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) commanded Sa’d Ibn Mu’adh, Muhammad bin Maslamah, Abu ‘Eisaa bin Al-Harith the nephew of Sa’d bin Mu’adh, as part of a group of five. They then approached Ka’b … And he mentioned the same (i.e. as the previous narration)”. .
Kisah Ka’b bin Al-Asyraf diriwayatkan secara rinci dalam Sirah Ibnu Hisyam (2/51).
The story of Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf was reported in detail within the Seera of Ibn Hisham (2/51).
Ibnu Ishaq berkata (dari Hadis tentang Ka'b bin Al-Asyraf):
Ibn Ishaq said (from the Hadith about Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf):
Ketika orang-orang Badr (Quraisy) tertimpa musibah, Zaid bin Harithah pergi kepada penduduk As-Safilah, dan Abdullah bin Rawaahah pergi kepada penduduk Al-‘Aaliyah sebagai pembawa kabar gembira yang diutus oleh Rasulullah ﷺ kepada kaum Muslimin di Al-Madinah untuk menyampaikan berita kemenangan yang telah Allah, ‘Azza Wa Jalla, anugerahkan kepadanya, serta tentang siapa saja dari kaum musyrikin yang telah terbunuh … Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf, seorang laki-laki dari suku Tayyi, dari Bani Nabhan, yang ibunya berasal dari Bani Nadhir, berkata ketika mendengar berita itu: “Benarkah ini? Apakah kalian percaya bahwa Muhammad ﷺ telah membunuh orang-orang yang disebutkan oleh kedua orang ini (Zaid dan Abdullah bin Rawaahah)? Mereka itu adalah para pemuka bangsa Arab dan raja-raja rakyat. Demi Allah, jika Muhammad ﷺ benar-benar telah membunuh mereka, maka perut bumi lebih baik daripada permukaannya!” Kemudian, setelah musuh Allah itu memastikan kebenaran berita tersebut, ia berangkat hingga sampai di Makkah. Ia singgah di rumah Al-Muththalib bin Abi Wada’ah bin Dubairah As-Sahmiy, yang menikah dengan ‘Atikah binti Abu l-‘Ieas bin Umayyah bin Abdi Syams bin Abdi Manaf. Istrinya menerimanya dan memuliakannya dengan jamuan. Ia kemudian mulai menghasut orang-orang untuk melawan Rasulullah ﷺ, dengan melantunkan syair dan menangisi orang-orang sumur dari Quraisy yang terbunuh di Badr. Ia berkata:
“When the people of Badr (Quraish) were afflicted, Zaid bin Harithah went to the people of As-Safilah and Abdullah bin Rawaahah went to the people of Al-‘Aaliyah as bearers of glad tidings dispatched by the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) to the Muslims of Al- Madinah to give the news of the victory Allah, ‘Azza Wa Jalla, had bestowed upon him and about who from among the polytheists had been killed … Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf, who was a man from the Tayyi tribe, one of Bani Nabhan and whose mother was from Bani Nadeer, said upon hearing the news: “Is this true? Do you believe that Muhammad those men whom these two (Zaid and Abdullah Ibn Rawaahah) have named? That is because those were from the nobles of the Arabs and the kings of the people. By Allah, if Muhammad had killed these people, the belly of the earth is better than its surface!” Then, when the enemy of Allah ascertained the truth of the news, he departed until he reached Makkah. He set down at the residence of Al-Muttalib bin Abi Wada’ah bin Dubairah As-Sahmiy who was married to Atikah the daughter of Abu l-‘Ieas bin Umayyah bn Abdi Shams bin Abdi Manaf. She received him and honoured him with hospitality. He then began to incite the people against the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), reciting poetry and weeping over the people of the well from Quraish who had been killed at Badr. He said:
Penggilingan Badr menumpahkan darah penduduknya.
Badr’s mill churned out the blood of its people.
Sufyan meriwayatkan dari ‘Amr bin Dinar, bahwa ia mendengar Jabir bin ‘Abdullah, semoga Allah meridhainya, berkata: Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda: “Siapa yang akan menangani (menyingkirkan) Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf, karena sesungguhnya ia telah menyakiti Allah dan Rasul-Nya?” Muhammad bin Maslamah bertanya: “Apakah engkau ingin aku membunuhnya, wahai Rasulullah?” Beliau ﷺ menjawab: “Ya.” Ia berkata: “Aku yang akan menanganinya, wahai Rasulullah, maka izinkanlah aku untuk menggunakan ucapan (yang bersifat tipu daya).” Beliau ﷺ menjawab: “Engkau boleh menggunakan ucapan seperti itu.” Lalu Muhammad bin Maslamah pergi menemui Ka’b dan berkata: “Orang ini (yakni Nabi ﷺ) telah membebani kami dengan sedekah (yakni mengambilnya dari kami). Hal itu membuat kami menderita dan kami sudah lelah dengannya.” Ketika orang celaka itu mendengar ucapan tersebut, ia berkata: “Demi Allah, kalian akan lebih terbebani olehnya atau akan lebih lelah dengannya. Aku sudah tahu bahwa urusanmu akan berakhir seperti ini.” Ia (Ibnu Maslamah) berkata: “Sesungguhnya kami tidak bisa meninggalkannya sampai kami melihat apa yang akan ia lakukan, dan kami tidak suka meninggalkannya setelah kami mengikutinya hingga kami melihat bagaimana akhir urusannya. Aku datang sekarang agar engkau meminjamkan kepadaku kurma.” Ia berkata: “Ya, akan aku lakukan dengan syarat kalian menyerahkan wanita-wanita kalian kepadaku sebagai jaminan.” Ia berkata: “Apakah kami menyerahkan wanita-wanita kami kepadamu, sedangkan engkau adalah orang Arab yang paling tampan?” Ia menjawab: “Kalau begitu, serahkan anak-anak kalian sebagai jaminan.” Ia (Ibnu Maslamah) berkata: “Orang-orang kelak akan mencela anak-anak kami, karena kami menjaminkan mereka hanya untuk satu atau dua wasq kurma (atau mungkin ia berkata: ‘Maka salah seorang anak kami akan dicela dan dikatakan bahwa ia digadaikan demi satu atau dua wasq kurma’).” Ka’b bertanya: “Lalu apa yang akan kalian jaminkan kepadaku?” Ia menjawab: “Kami bisa menjaminkan senjata kepadamu.” Ka’b berkata: “Baiklah.” Kemudian Muhammad bin Maslamah menyepakati waktu untuk datang menemuinya kembali.
Sufyan related from ‘Amr bin Dinar who heard Jabir bin ‘Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him, saying, that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: “Who will deal with (eliminate) Ka’b bin Al- Ashraf for verily he has insulted Allah and His Messenger?” Muhammad bin Maslamah asked: “Would you like that I kill him O Messenger of Allah?”. He (peace be upon him) replied: “Yes”. He said: “I will deal with him O Messenger of Allah, so permit me to use (deceptive) speech”. He (peace be upon him) replied: “You can employ such speech”. Muhammad bin Maslamah then went to him (Ka’b) and said: “This man (i.e. the Prophet (peace be upon him)) has afflicted us with charity (i.e. taking it from us). This caused us suffering and we are tired of this. When the wretched man heard this, he said: “By Allah, you will be put to more trouble by him or get more tired of him. I knew that your affair would turn out like this”. He (Ibn Maslamah) said: “Indeed, we cannot give him up until we see what he does, and we hate to abandon him after having followed him until we see how his affair will turn out. I have come now for you to loan me dates”. He said: “Yes I will do that upon the condition that you pledge me your women as a security (for the loan)”. He said: “Do we pledge our women to you whilst you are the most handsome of the Arabs?” He replied: “Then pledge me your sons as a security”. He (ibn Maslamah) said: “The people will then disparage our sons upon the basis that we pledged them for a mere Wasq or two Wasqs of dates (Or perhaps he said: “Then one of our sons will be insulted and it will be said that he was mortgaged for a Wasq or two of dates). He (Ka’b) asked: “What will you mortgage to me as a security then”. He answered: “We can pledge you weapons”. He said: “All right”. Then Muhammad b. Maslamah agreed an appointed time to come to see him later. .
Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda: "Siapa yang bersedia membunuh Ka'b bin Al-Asyraf yang telah menghina Allah dan Rasul-Nya?" Maka Muhammad bin Maslamah berdiri dan berkata: "Wahai Rasulullah ﷺ, apakah engkau ingin aku membunuhnya?" Beliau ﷺ menjawab: "Ya." Muhammad bin Maslamah berkata: "Kalau begitu, izinkan aku mengucapkan sesuatu (yang tidak benar), yakni untuk menipu Ka'b." Beliau ﷺ bersabda: "Katakanlah."
Allah's Messenger (peace be upon him) said: “Who is willing to kill Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf who has insulted Allah and His Messenger?” Thereupon, Muhammad bin Maslamah stood up saying: “O Allah's Messenger (peace be upon him), Would you like me to kill him?" He (peace be upon him) said: “Yes”. Muhammad bin Maslamah asked: "Then allow me to say a (false) thing (i.e. to deceive Ka’b)”. He (peace be upon him) said: “You may say it”. .
Muhammad bin Maslamah kemudian pergi menemui Ka'b dan berkata: "Orang itu (yakni Muhammad ﷺ) meminta sedekah (zakat) dari kami, dan dia telah membuat kami menderita, dan aku datang untuk meminjam sesuatu darimu." Atas hal itu, Ka'b berkata: "Demi Allah, kamu pasti akan bosan dengannya!" Muhammad bin Maslamah berkata: "Sekarang karena kami telah mengikutinya, kami tidak ingin meninggalkannya sampai kami melihat bagaimana akhir urusannya. Kami ingin kamu meminjamkan kepada kami satu atau dua Wasq (yakni ukuran makanan)." [Catatan: 'Amr meriwayatkan kepada kami lebih dari sekali dan dia tidak menyebutkan satu atau dua Wasq.] Ka'b berkata: "Ya, (aku akan meminjamkannya kepadamu), tetapi kamu harus menyerahkan sesuatu kepadaku sebagai jaminan." Muhammad bin Maslamah dan rekannya berkata, "Apa yang kamu inginkan?" Ka'b menjawab: "Serahkan istri-istrimu kepadaku sebagai jaminan." Mereka menjawab: "Bagaimana kami bisa menyerahkan istri-istri kami kepadamu, sedangkan kamu adalah orang Arab yang paling tampan?" Ka'b berkata: "Kalau begitu, serahkan anak-anakmu kepadaku." Mereka menjawab: "Bagaimana kami bisa menyerahkan anak-anak kami kepadamu? Salah seorang dari mereka akan dihina dan orang akan berkata bahwa dia digadaikan demi satu atau dua Wasq? Itu akan menjadi aib besar bagi kami. Sebagai gantinya, kami akan menyerahkan senjata kami kepadamu sebagai jaminan." Ka'b pun setuju untuk datang menemuinya kemudian pada waktu yang telah ditentukan.
Muhammad bin Maslamah then went to Ka’b and said: “That man (i.e. Muhammad (peace be upon him)) demands Sadaqah (charity) from us, and he has brought us hardship, and I have come to loan something from you”. On that, Ka`b said: “By Allah, you will get tired of him!” Muhammad bin Maslamah said: “Now as we have followed him, we do not want to abandon him until we see how his matter will turn out. We wanted for you to loan us a Wasq or two (i.e. quantity of food). [Note: ‘Amr related to us more than once and he did not mention a Wasq or two Wasqs]. Ka’b said: “Yes, (I will loan that to you), but you should mortgage something to me as a security”. Muhammad bin Mas-lama and his companion said, "What do you want?" Ka’b replied: “Mortgage your women to me as a security”. They responded: “How can we mortgage our women to you whilst you are the most handsome of the Arabs?” Ka’b said: “Then mortgage your sons to me” They replied: “How can we mortgage our sons to you? One of them will be insulted and it would be said that he was mortgaged for a Wasq or two? That would cause us great disgrace. Instead, we will mortgage our weapons to you as a security”. He then agreed to come to him later at a set time. .
“Siapa yang akan membunuh Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf? Dia telah menghina Allah dan Rasul-Nya”. Muhammad bin Maslamah berkata: “Wahai Rasulullah, apakah engkau ingin aku membunuhnya?” Beliau menjawab: “Ya”. Ia berkata: “Izinkanlah aku untuk berbicara (kepadanya dengan cara yang menurutku baik, termasuk dengan tipu daya)”. Beliau bersabda: “Bicaralah (sesukamu)”. Lalu ia mendatangi Ka’b dan berbicara dengannya, mengingatkan persahabatan lama di antara mereka, dan berkata: “Orang ini (yakni Rasulullah ﷺ) telah meminta sedekah (dari kami) dan hal itu telah menimpakan kesulitan yang besar kepada kami”. Ketika mendengar hal ini, Ka’b berkata: “Demi Allah, kalian akan lebih banyak mendapat kesulitan darinya”. Muhammad bin Maslamah menjawab: “Sesungguhnya kami kini telah menjadi pengikutnya dan kami tidak ingin meninggalkannya hingga kami melihat bagaimana akhir urusannya. Aku ingin engkau memberiku pinjaman”. Ka’b berkata: “Apa yang akan kalian berikan kepadaku sebagai jaminan?” Ia bertanya: “Apa yang kamu inginkan?” Ia menjawab: “Serahkanlah kepadaku istri-istrimu sebagai jaminan”. Ka’b berkata: “Engkau adalah orang Arab yang paling tampan. Haruskah kami menyerahkan istri-istri kami kepadamu?” Ia berkata: “Kalau begitu serahkanlah anak-anakmu”. Ka’b menjawab: “Salah seorang anak kami bisa saja dicela dan dikatakan bahwa ia digadaikan hanya untuk dua wasaq kurma. Sebaliknya, kami bisa menyerahkan senjata kami sebagai jaminan”. Ia berkata: “Baiklah”. Kemudian Muhammad bin Maslamah menyetujui bahwa ia akan datang kepadanya bersama Al-Harith, Abu ‘Abs bin Jabr, dan ‘Abbad bin Bishr.
“Who will kill Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf? He has maligned Allah and His Messenger”. Muhammad bin Maslamah said: “O Messenger of Allah, would you like me to kill him?” He replied: “Yes”. He said: “Permit me then to talk (to him in the way I deem fit including deception)”. He said: “Talk (as you like)”. He then went to him (Ka’b) and talked to him, referred to the old friendship between them and said: “This man (i.e. the Messenger (peace be upon him)) has demanded charity (from us) and this has put us to a great hardship”. When be heard this, Ka’b said: “By Allah, you will be put to more trouble by him”. Muhammad bin Maslamah replied: “verily, we have become his followers now and we do not like to forsake him until we see how his affair turns out. I had wanted that you provide me a loan”. He said: “What will you give me as a pledge of security?” He asked: “What do you want?” He answered: “Pledge me your women as a security”. He replied: “You are the most handsome of the Arabs. Should we then pledge our women to you?” He said: “Then pledge me your sons”. He replied: “One of our sons may be insulted and it will be said that he was pledged for (a mere) two Wasqs of dates. Rather, we can pledge you our weapons as a security”. He said: “All right”. Then Muhammad bin Maslamah agreed that he would come to him along with Al-Harith, Abu 'Abs bin Jabr and ‘Abbad bin Bishr. .
Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda: “Siapa yang akan menghadapi Ka’b bin Al-Asyraf? Sesungguhnya ia telah menghina Allah dan Rasul-Nya.” Muhammad bin Maslamah, semoga Allah meridainya, berdiri dan berkata: “Wahai Rasulullah, apakah engkau ingin aku membunuhnya?” Beliau menjawab: “Ya.” Ia berkata: “Kalau begitu, izinkanlah aku untuk mengucapkan sesuatu (yaitu menggunakan tipu daya).” Lalu ia (Bin Salamah) pergi menemuinya dan berkata kepadanya (Ka’b): “Sesungguhnya orang ini (yaitu Nabi ﷺ) telah meminta sedekah dari kami, dan hal itu telah menyusahkan kami. Kami telah memilih untuk mengikutinya, dan kami tidak suka meninggalkannya sampai kami melihat bagaimana akhir urusannya.” Ia melanjutkan: “Dan aku ingin meminjam sesuatu darimu.” Ka’b bertanya: “Apa yang akan kalian jaminkan kepadaku?” Mereka (yaitu Ibnu Maslamah dan orang-orang yang bersamanya) bertanya: “Apa yang kamu inginkan dari kami?” Ia menjawab: “Jaminkan kepadaku istri-istri kalian.” Mereka menjawab: “Engkau adalah orang Arab yang paling tampan, bagaimana mungkin kami menjaminkan istri-istri kami kepadamu? Itu akan menjadi aib yang memalukan bagi kami.” Ia berkata: “Kalau begitu, jaminkan kepadaku anak-anak kalian.” Mereka menjawab: “Maha Suci Allah, salah seorang anak kami akan dicela dan dikatakan kepadanya: Engkau dijaminkan hanya demi satu atau dua wasaq kurma!” Mereka berkata: “Bagaimana jika kami menjaminkan senjata kepadamu?” Ia berkata: “Ya, aku setuju.”
“The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: “Who will deal with Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf? For verily, he has defamed Allah and His Messenger”. Muhammad bin Maslamah, may Allah be pleased with him, stood and said: “O Messenger of Allah, would you like me to kill him?”. He replied: “Yes”. He said: “Then permit me to say things (i.e. use deception)”. He (Bin Salamah) then went to him and said to him (Ka’b): “Indeed this man (i.e. the Prophet) has asked Sadaqah from us and this has caused us hardship. We have chosen to follow him and we dislike to abandon him until we see how his matter will turn out”. He continued: “And I had wanted to take a loan from you”. He (Ka’b) asked: “And what will you pledge to me as a security? They (i.e. Ibn Maslalamah and those accompanying him) asked: “What do you want from us? He answered: “Pledge me your women as a security”. They replied: “You are the most handsome of Arabs so how could we possibly pledge our women to you as a security? That would be a shameful disgrace for us” He said: “Then pledge me your sons as a security”. They responded: Glory be to Allah, one of our sons would be insulted and it would be said to him: You were pledged as a security for a mere Wasq or two of dates!” They said: “We can pledge you weapons?” He said: “Yes, I agree”. .
Ketika kemudian ia (Bin Maslamah) datang ke kediaman Ka’ab, ia memanggilnya. Ka’ab pun keluar dengan aroma wangi yang semerbak. Ia pergi untuk duduk bersama Bin Maslamah, yang ditemani oleh tiga atau empat orang pengikutnya, dan bau wangi itu tercium dari dirinya. Mereka kemudian menyebut tentang aroma wangi tersebut kepadanya, dan ia (Ka’ab) berkata: “Aku memiliki seorang wanita, dan dia adalah wanita yang paling harum di antara semua orang.” Bin Maslamah bertanya: “Apakah engkau mengizinkanku untuk menciumnya?” Ia menjawab: “Ya.” Lalu Bin Maslamah meletakkan tangannya di rambut kepalanya dan menciumnya. Kemudian ia bertanya: “Bolehkah aku menciumnya sekali lagi?” Ka’ab menjawab dengan persetujuan. Ketika Bin Maslamah telah memegang kepalanya, ia berkata: “Seranglah dia!” Lalu mereka memukulnya hingga ia tewas.
“Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda: ‘Siapa yang akan menghadapi Ka’b bin Al-Asyraf? Sesungguhnya dia telah menghina Allah dan Rasul-Nya.’ Muhammad bin Maslamah, semoga Allah meridhainya, berdiri dan berkata: ‘Wahai Rasulullah ﷺ, apakah engkau ingin aku membunuhnya?’ Beliau ﷺ menjawab: ‘Ya.’ Ia berkata: ‘Kalau begitu, izinkanlah aku mengucapkan perkataan (yaitu menggunakan tipu daya).’ Beliau ﷺ bersabda: ‘Ya, engkau boleh mengucapkan perkataan semacam itu.’”
“The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: “Who will deal with Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf? For verily, he has defamed Allah and His Messenger”. Muhammad bin Maslamah, may Allah be pleased with him, stood and said: “O Messenger of Allah, would you like me to kill him?”. He replied: “Yes”. He said: “Then permit me to say things (i.e. use deception)”. He said: “Yes, you may use such speech”..
Lalu (Bin Salamah) pergi menemuinya dan berkata kepadanya (Ka’b): “Sesungguhnya orang ini (yaitu Nabi ﷺ) telah meminta sedekah dari kami, dan hal itu telah menyusahkan dan melelahkan kami.” Ia melanjutkan: “Kami telah memilih untuk mengikutinya, dan kami tidak suka meninggalkannya sampai kami melihat bagaimana urusannya akan berakhir. Dan kami ingin meminjam satu atau dua wasq (takaran makanan tertentu) darimu.” Ka’b bertanya: “Dan apa yang akan kalian jaminkan kepadaku sebagai jaminan?” Mereka bertanya: “Apa yang kamu inginkan dari kami?” Ia menjawab: “Jaminkanlah wanita-wanita kalian kepadaku.” Mereka menjawab: “Maha Suci Allah, engkau adalah orang Arab yang paling tampan. Jika kami menjaminkan wanita-wanita kami kepadamu, itu akan menjadi aib yang memalukan bagi kami?” Ia berkata: “Kalau begitu, jaminkanlah anak-anak lelaki kalian kepadaku.” Mereka menjawab: “Maha Suci Allah, salah satu anak kami akan dihina dan dikatakan kepadanya: Engkau dijaminkan sebagai jaminan untuk (hanya) satu atau dua wasq kurma!” Mereka berkata: “Bolehkah kami menjaminkan senjata kepadamu?” Ia berkata: “Ya (aku setuju).”
He (Bin Salamah) then went to him and said to him (Ka’b): “Indeed this man (i.e. the Prophet) has asked Sadaqah from us and this has caused us hardship and worn us out”. He continued: “We have chosen to follow him and we dislike to abandon him until we see how his matter will turn out. And we had wanted to take a loan of a Wasq (specific quantity of food) or two from you”. He (Ka’b) asked: “And what will you pledge to me as a security? They asked: “What do you want from us? He answered: “Pledge me your women as a security”. They replied: “Glory be to Allah, You are the most handsome of Arabs. If we were to pledge our women to you as a security that would be a shameful disgrace upon us?” He said: “Then pledge me your sons as a security”. They responded: “Glory be to Allah, one of our sons would be insulted and it would be said to him: You were pledged as a security for a (mere) Wasq or two of dates!” They said: “We can pledge you weapons?” He said: “Yes (I agree)”. .
Ka'b bin Al-Asyraf biasa melantunkan syair yang menyakiti Nabi ﷺ, lalu ia pergi ke Ghatafan. Nabi ﷺ kemudian bersabda: "Siapakah yang akan menghadapi putra Al-Asyraf untukku, karena ia sungguh telah menghina Allah dan Rasul-Nya?" Muhammad bin Maslamah Al-Harithiy berkata: "Saya, wahai Rasulullah, apakah engkau ingin saya membunuhnya?" Rasulullah ﷺ diam mendengar hal itu lalu bersabda: "Panggillah Sa'd bin Mu'adz dan mintalah pendapatnya." Ia (bin Maslamah) berkata: Maka saya membawa Sa'd bin Mu'adz dan menyampaikan perkara itu kepadanya. Ia berkata: "Lakukanlah dengan keberkahan Allah dan bawalah bersamamu keponakan Al-Harith bin Aws bin Mu'adz, 'Abbad bin Bisyr Al-Asyhaliy, Abu 'Abs bin Jabr Al-Harithiy, dan Abu Na'il Silkan bin Qais Al-Asyhaliy." Ia berkata: Maka saya menemui mereka dan menyampaikan perkara itu kepada mereka semua kecuali Silkan yang tidak hadir. Ia berkata: Wahai keponakan, saya percaya kepadamu, namun saya tidak ingin ikut serta dalam hal itu sama sekali sampai saya berbicara dengan Rasulullah ﷺ. Lalu ia menyampaikan perkara ini kepada Nabi ﷺ, dan beliau bersabda kepadanya: "Lanjutkanlah bersama kawan-kawanmu." Ia (perawi) berkata: Maka kami keluar di malam hari hingga kami sampai di bentengnya.
“Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf used to recite poetry that troubled the Prophet (peace be upon him) and went out to Ghatafan. The Prophet (peace upon him) then said: “Who will deal with the son of Al-Ashraf for me as he has indeed insulted Allah and His Messenger?” Muhammad bin Maslamah Al-Harithiy said: “I, O Messenger of Allah, would you like me to kill him?” The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) remained silent upon that and said: “Fetch Sa’d bin Mu’adh and consult him”. He (bin Maslamah) said: So, I brought Sa’d bin Mu’adh and mentioned the matter to him. He said: “Proceed with the blessing of Allah and take with you the nephew of Al-Harith bin Aws bin Mu’adh, ‘Abbad bin Bishr Al-Ash’haliy, Abu ‘Abs bin Jabr Al-Harithiy and Abu Na’il Silkan bin Qais Al-Ash’haliy”. He said: So I met with them and mentioned the matter to them all apart from Silkan who did not attend. He said: O nephew, I believe you but I would not like to partake in that at all until I speak to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). He then mentioned this matter to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and he said to him: “Proceed along with your companions”. He (the relator) said: So we went out at night until we reached his fortress. .
Berkaitan dengan itu, ‘Abbad bin Bisyr menggubah syair yang menjelaskan tentang pembunuhan dan perjalanannya, dengan mengatakan:
In relation to that ‘Abbad bin Bishr composed poetry explaining the killing and journey, saying:
Aku datang kepadanya lalu dia berkata, "Siapa yang memanggilku?"
I came to him and he said who is calling upon me?
Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda: “Siapa yang akan menangani anak Al-Asyraf untukku?” Muhammad bin Maslamah kemudian bertanya: “Apakah engkau ingin aku membunuhnya, wahai Rasulullah ﷺ?” Rasulullah ﷺ kemudian diam. Muhammad kemudian berkata: “Beliau telah menyetujuinya dengan diam.” Rasulullah ﷺ kemudian bersabda: “Panggilah Sa’d bin Mu’adz dan mintalah pendapatnya.” Maka ia pun memintanya, dan Sa’d berkata kepadanya: “Bawalah bersamamu Abu ‘Abs bin Jabr, Al-Harits bin Uwais bin Mu’adz, ‘Abbad bin Bisyr, dan Abu Na’ilah Sulkan bin Salamah.” Perawi berkata: “Kami kemudian berangkat hingga sampai di benteng (Ka’b)nya. ‘Abbad bin Bisyr berteriak, lalu berkata (dalam prosa berirama):
“The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: “Who will deal with the son of Al-Ashraf for me?”. Muhammad bin Maslamah then asked: “Would you like me to kill him O Messenger of Allah?”. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was then silent. Muhammad then said: “He has consented by way of silence”. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) then said: “Fetch Sa’d bin Mu’adh and consult him”. And so he consulted him and he (Sa’d) told him: “Take along with you Abu ‘Abs bin Jabr, Al-Harith bin Uwais bin Mu’adh, ‘Abbad bin Bishr and Abu Na’ilah Sulkan bin Salamah”. He (the narrator) said: “We then set out until we reached his (Ka’b’s) fortress. ‘Abbas Bin Bishr yelled out and then said (in poetic prose):.
Aku memanggilnya, tetapi dia tidak menjawab panggilanku.
I called out to him and he did not repel to my voice.
Dan sebuah warna yang muncul dari atas kehati-hatian.
And a colour rising from above caution.
Dia terbangun karena panggilan itu dan berkata: "Siapa yang memanggil (aku)?"
He awoke to it and said: Who is calling (for me)?
Saudaramu 'Abbad bin Bishr.
I said: Your brother ‘Abbad bin Bishr.
Ini (di sini) adalah senjata-senjatamu sebagai jaminan keamanan, maka ambillah.
This (here) are your weapons as a pledge of security so take them.
Selama satu bulan atau setengah bulan untuk dipenuhi.
For a month or half a month to be fulfilled.
Dia berkata: Sekelompok orang yang telah putus asa dan berpaling.
He said: A gathering who have become frustrated and turned.
Nabi ﷺ menulis bahwa diyat (denda darah) wajib atas setiap suku. Beliau kemudian menetapkan (mewajibkan) bahwa tidak diperbolehkan bagi seorang budak yang telah dimerdekakan untuk menjadikan seorang Muslim (selain orang yang memerdekakannya) sebagai Mawla (pelindung) tanpa izin (dari tuannya yang dahulu telah membebaskannya).
“The Prophet (peace be upon him) wrote that blood-money is due upon every tribe. He then wrote (made it obligatory) that it is not permissible for a freed slave to take a Muslim (other than the one who freed him) as his Mawla (Patron) without the permission (of his former master who set him free). .
Dia (perawi menambahkan): Aku diberitahu bahwa beliau ﷺ melaknat orang yang melakukan hal itu (dan hal itu tercatat) dalam Sahifah-nya (dalam sebuah dokumen).” [Akhir kutipan]
He (the narrator further added): I was informed that he (the Noble Prophet) cursed the one who did that (and that it was recorded) in his Sahifah (in a document)” [End of Quote].
Imam An-Nasa’i juga meriwayatkan hadis ini dalam Sunan-nya (4/241/7033), selain Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal dalam Musnad-nya (3/321/14485), Al-Baihaqi dalam As-Sunan Al-Kubra (8/107/16157) dan (8/108/16158), Imam Abu Ya’la dalam Musnad-nya (4/161/2228), Ibnu Al-Jarud dalam “Al-Muntaqa” (1/197/779), dan Imam Abdur Razzaq As-San’ani dalam Mushannaf-nya (9/6/16154), di antara lainnya. Ahmad bin Hanbal juga meriwayatkannya dalam Musnad-nya (3/342/14727) melalui jalur yang berbeda.
Imam An-Nasaa’iy also related this in his Sunan (4/241/7033), in addition to Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal in his Musnad (3/321/14485), Al- Baihaqi in in Sunan Al-Kubra (8/107/16157) and (8/108/16158), Imam Abu Ya’la in his Musnad (4/161/2228), Ibn Al-Jaroud in “Al-Muntaqa” (1/197/779), and Imam Abdur Razaq As-San’aniy in his Musannaf (9/6/16154), among others. Ahmad Bin Hanbal also related it in his Musnad (3/342/14727) via a different path:
"Abu Az-Zubair bertanya kepada Jabir tentang seseorang yang mengaku sebagai Mawla (pelindung) seorang Muslim tanpa izinnya. Ia (Jabir) berkata: "Nabi ﷺ menetapkan bahwa diyat (tebusan darah) wajib atas setiap kabilah. Kemudian beliau menetapkan (mewajibkan) bahwa tidak diperbolehkan bagi seorang budak yang dimerdekakan untuk mengambil seorang Muslim (selain orang yang memerdekakannya) sebagai Mawla (pelindung) tanpa izin (dari bekas tuannya yang memerdekakannya)." Saya katakan: Ini sesuai dengan sebagian yang disebutkan dalam Ash-Shahifah, dan rangkaian periwayatan ini adalah Shahih. Dalam Al-Musannaf karya Ibnu Abi Syaibah (12/417/33927) diriwayatkan bahwa Ibnu 'Abbas berkata:"
“Abu Az-Zubair asked Jabir about the man who assumes the position of being the Mawla (patron) of a Muslim man without his permission. He (Jabir) said: “The Prophet (peace be upon him) wrote that blood- money is due upon every tribe. He then wrote (made it obligatory) that it is not permissible for a freed slave to take a Muslim (other than the one who freed him) as his Mawla (Patron) without the permission (of his former master who set him free)”. I say: This is in agreement to some of what came stated in the Sahifah and these chains of narration are Sahih. In the Musannaf of Ibn Abi Shaibah (12/417/33927) the following was related: Ibn ‘Abbas said:
Rasulullah ﷺ menulis sebuah dokumen antara kaum Muhajirin dan kaum Anshar: bahwa mereka membayar diyat (tebusan darah) bagi orang-orang yang berhak menerimanya, dan bahwa mereka menebus tawanan mereka dengan cara yang baik dan patut, serta dengan cara yang memperbaiki dan mendamaikan di antara kaum Muslimin.
“The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) wrote a document between the Muhajrin and the Ansar: That they pay their blood money for those whom it was due and that they ransom their captives in a good and fitting manner and in a way that rectifies and mends between the Muslims”.
Hal ini juga diriwayatkan seperti itu dalam Al-Musannaf karya Ibnu Abi Syaibah (9/318/28150).
It is also recorded, like this, in the Musannaf of Ibn Abi Shaibah (9/318/28150).
Diriwayatkan dalam *Musnad* "Al-Jaami' Al-Mu'allal" karya Abu Al-Fadl (3/373/6771). Diriwayatkan dari Ibnu 'Abbas bahwa dia berkata:
It was related in the Musnad “Al-Jaami’ Al-Mu’allal” of Abu Al-Fadl (3/373/6771). It was related from Ibn ‘Abbas that he said:
Rasulullah ﷺ menulis sebuah piagam antara kaum Muhajirin dan kaum Anshar: bahwa mereka membayar diyat (tebusan darah) bagi siapa yang berhak menerimanya, dan bahwa mereka menebus tawanan mereka dengan cara yang baik dan layak, dengan cara yang memperbaiki dan mendamaikan di antara kaum Muslimin.
“The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) wrote a document between the Muhajirin and the Ansar: That they pay their blood money for those whom it was due and that they ransom their captives in a good and fitting manner and in a way that rectifies and mends between the Muslims”.
Hadits ini juga diriwayatkan oleh Ahmad (1/271/2444).
It was also related by Ahmad (1/271/2444).
Dan hal ini juga diriwayatkan dalam Musnad "Al-Jaami' Al-Mu'allal" karya Abu Al-Fadl (20/141/8505) dari Abdullah bin 'Amr, yang berkata:
And it was also related in the Musnad “Al-Jaami’ Al-Mu’allal” of Abu Al-Fadl (20/141/8505) from Abdullah bin ‘Amr, who said:
Bahwa Nabi ﷺ menulis sebuah dokumen antara kaum Muhajirin dan kaum Anshar: Bahwa mereka membayar diat darah bagi orang-orang yang wajib menerimanya, dan bahwa mereka menebus tawanan mereka dengan cara yang baik dan layak, serta dengan cara yang memperbaiki dan mendamaikan di antara kaum Muslimin.
“That the Prophet (peace be upon him) wrote a document between the Muhajrin and the Ansar: That they pay their blood money for those whom it was due and that they ransom their captives in a good and fitting manner and in a way that rectifies and mends between the Muslims”.
Hadits ini juga diriwayatkan oleh Ahmad (1/271/2443 dan (2/204/6904) dengan periwayat yang berbeda.
This was also recorded by Ahmad (1/271/2443 and (2/204/6904) with different transmitters.
Keduanya disebutkan dalam Al-Awsat karya Ibnu al-Mundzir (10/145/2443) [Menurut penomoran program perpustakaan elektronik Shamela]. Ibnu 'Abbas meriwayatkan:
Both were mentioned in Al-Awsat of Ibn ul-Mundhir (10/145/2443) [According to the numbering of the electronic Shamela library program]. Ibn ‘Abbas related:
Bahwa Rasulullah ﷺ menulis sebuah dokumen antara kaum Muhajirin dan kaum Anshar: Bahwa mereka membayar diyat mereka bagi siapa yang berhak menerimanya, dan bahwa mereka membebaskan tawanan mereka dengan cara yang baik dan patut, serta dengan cara yang memperbaiki dan mendamaikan di antara kaum Muslimin.
“That the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) wrote a document between the Muhajirin and the Ansar: That they pay their blood money for those whom it was due and that they free their captives in a good and fitting manner and in a way that rectifies and mends between the Muslims”.
Selain itu, dalam kitab "Ad-Diyat" karya Ibn Abi 'Ashim (352/240) [Menurut penomoran program perpustakaan elektronik Shamela], diriwayatkan dari Ibnu 'Abbas dan dari 'Amr bin Syu'aib, yang meriwayatkan dari ayahnya, yang meriwayatkan dari kakeknya bahwa:
In addition, in “Ad-Diyat” of Ibn Abi ‘Asim (352/240) [According to the numbering of the electronic Shamela library program] it was related from Ibn ‘Abbas and from ‘Amr bin Shu’aib who related from his father who related from his grandfather that:
"Bahwa Nabi ﷺ menulis sebuah dokumen antara kaum Muhajirin dan kaum Anshar: bahwa mereka membayar diat darah bagi mereka yang berhak menerimanya, dan bahwa mereka menebus tawanan mereka dengan cara yang baik dan layak, serta dengan cara yang memperbaiki dan mendamaikan di antara kaum Muslimin." Saya katakan: Adapun riwayat ini, maka tidak banyak dijadikan sandaran karena kelemahan Al-Hajjaj bin Artat (salah seorang perawi), sebab tadlis (penyamaran periwayatan)-nya sangat berlebihan. Karena itu ia menimbulkan ketidakstabilan (idhthirab) pada sanad di sini. Seandainya riwayat ini shahih, maka seolah-olah ia mengisyaratkan sebagian hukum yang terdapat dalam Shahifah (dokumen konstitusi) tersebut.
“That the Prophet (peace be upon him) wrote a document between the Muhajrin and the Ansar: That they pay their blood money for those whom it was due and that they ransom their captives in a good and fitting manner and in a way that rectifies and mends between the Muslims”. I say: As for this, then it is not relied upon greatly due to the weakness of Al-Hajjaj bin Artat (one of the transmitters) as his Tadlis (misrepresentation) was excessive. He has therefore brought instability (Iditraab) to the Isnad (transmission chain) here. If it was authenticated, then it is as if it is alluding to some of the rulings contained in the Sahifah (constitutional document).
When they killed him, the Jews and the polytheists were greatly alarmed. The next day they came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said: “Our Companion was attacked at night and killed.” The Prophet(ﷺ) then informed them about that what he had been saying. The Prophet (ﷺ) then called them so that he could write a document of agreement between him and them for them to refer back to (for issues). And so, he wrote a document (Sahifah) of agreement between him, them (the non-Muslims) and the Muslims in general.” The following was also related via Abu Dawud in “Dalaa’il An- Nubuwwah” of Al-Baihaqi (3/198):
2) Or, it was related by Abdur Rahman Bin Abdullah Bin Ka’b Bin Malik from his grandfather (directly), the Sahaabiy Ka’b Bin Malik. That is because Abdur Rahman use to guide his grandfather on behalf of his father Abdullah on some occasions. Also, the Arabs use to frequently call their grandfathers father. (In addition, the grandfather, is also a father, definitely, as stated in the Qur’an. Just as it represents a linguistic necessity built upon sensory and rational necessity). Indeed, it is a continuous and constant customary norm. Therefore, the statement in the chain of transmission “From his father” means from his grandfather. 3) Or it was related by Abdur Rahman Bin Ka’b Bin Malik from his father, the Sahaabiy Ka’b bin Malik, and not from Abdur Rahman Bin Abdullah Bin Ka’b Bin Malik. Az-Zuhriy heard (i.e. took the narrations) from both Abdur Rahman Bin Abdullah Bin Ka’b Bin Malik and from his namesake and his paternal uncle Abdur Rahman Bin Ka’b Bin Malik. The inconsistency only comes from Az-Zuhriy as he related from his memory and recalled this on an occasion and recalled that on another occasion due to the closeness of the lineages and names, whilst sometimes he would prefer safety and related Mursal (with an interrupted chain of narrators).
Semua itu telah diriwayatkan tentang beliau oleh para imam sehubungan dengan riwayat ini, serta oleh selain beliau seperti Malik, Mu'ammar, Yunus dan 'Aqeel, di antara yang lain. Riwayat (dari Ka'b bin Malik) juga telah diriwayatkan dalam bentuk yang lebih lengkap dalam "Sunan Al-Baihaqi Al-Kubra" (9/183/18408), dalam edisi cetak lain dari "Sunan Al-Kubra"-nya (9/308/18628), dan dalam "Dalaa'il An-Nubuwwah" karya Al-Baihaqi (3/196). Berikut ini adalah teks yang tercatat dalam "Dalaa'il" tersebut.
All of that has been related about him by the Imaams in respect to this narration and other than him such as Malik, Mu’ammar, Younus and ‘Aqeel among others. The narration (of Ka’b Bin Malik) has also been related in a more complete form in the “Sunan Al-Baihaqi Al-Kubra” (9/183/18408), in another printed edition of his “Sunan Al-Kubra” (9/308/18628) and in “Dalaa’il An-Nubuwwah” by Al-Baihaqi (3/196). The following is from the text recorded in the “Dalaa’il”:
Abdul-Kareem bin Al-Haitham meriwayatkan dari Abu l-Yamaan, dari Syu'aib, dari Az-Zuhriy, yang berkata: Abdur Rahman bin Abdullah bin Ka'b bin Malik, yang (yakni Ka'b bin Malik) termasuk salah satu dari tiga orang yang taubatnya diterima, berkata:
Abdul-Kareem Bin Al-Haitham related from Abu l-Yamaan from Shu’aib from Az-Zuhriy who said: Abdur Rahman bin Abdullah bin Ka’b bin Malik, who (meaning Ka’b bin Malik) was one of the three whose repentance was accepted, said:
Dan Allah juga menurunkan wahyu berkenaan dengan mereka: "Banyak di antara Ahli Kitab yang menginginkan agar mereka dapat mengembalikan kamu menjadi kafir setelah kamu beriman, karena dengki dari diri mereka sendiri, setelah kebenaran jelas bagi mereka. Maka maafkanlah dan biarkanlah mereka sampai Allah mendatangkan perintah-Nya. Sesungguhnya Allah Maha Kuasa atas segala sesuatu" (QS. Al-Baqarah: 109). Kemudian, ketika Ka'b bin Al-Asyraf menolak untuk berhenti menyakiti Rasulullah ﷺ dan menyakiti kaum Muslimin, Rasulullah ﷺ memerintahkan Sa'd bin Mu'adz untuk mengirim sekelompok kecil orang untuk membunuhnya. Sa'd bin Mu'adz mengutus Muhammad bin Maslamah Al-Anshari, bersama Al-Harithy, Abu 'Abs Al-Anshari dan Al-Harits keponakan Sa'd bin Mu'adz, sebagai bagian dari kelompok lima orang yang mendatanginya pada malam hari ketika ia sedang berada di majelis mereka di Al-'Awaaliy. Ketika Ka'b bin Al-Asyraf melihat mereka, ia merasa tidak senang dengan kedatangan mereka dan merasa takut kepada mereka. Ia berkata kepada mereka: "Apa yang membawa kalian ke sini?" Mereka menjawab: "Suatu keperluan membawa kami kepadamu." Ia berkata: "Kalau begitu, biarlah sebagian dari kalian mendekat kepadaku untuk membicarakan keperluan ini denganku." Maka sebagian dari mereka mendekat kepadanya dan berkata: "Kami datang kepadamu untuk menjual baju zirah kami kepadamu agar kami dapat membelanjakan harganya." Ia (Ka'b) menjawab: "Demi Allah, jika kalian benar-benar melakukan itu! Kalian telah dibebani sejak orang ini menetap di tengah-tengah kalian." Kemudian ia mengatur agar mereka datang menemuinya pada sore hari ketika ia kurang sibuk dengan orang-orang. Mereka datang, dan seorang laki-laki dari antara mereka memanggilnya. Ia lalu bangkit untuk keluar dari rumahnya, dan istrinya berkata kepadanya: "Mereka tidak mengetuk pintumu pada jam seperti ini untuk sesuatu yang kamu sukai." Ia menjawab: "Sesungguhnya mereka sudah berbicara kepadaku tentang urusan mereka." Maka (ketika ia keluar) Abu 'Abs memegangnya, dan Muhammad bin Maslamah menebasnya dengan pedang, sementara sebagian dari mereka menusuk lambungnya dengan pedang-pedang mereka. Kemudian, setelah mereka membunuhnya, orang-orang Yahudi dan kaum musyrik yang bersama mereka sangat ketakutan, lalu mereka berangkat pagi-pagi sekali untuk menemui Rasulullah ﷺ ketika mereka terbangun di pagi hari. Mereka berkata: "Sesungguhnya pemimpin kami telah didatangi pada malam hari, dan dia adalah salah satu pembesar utama kami, dan dia telah dibunuh." Kemudian Rasulullah ﷺ mengingatkan mereka tentang apa yang biasa dikatakan Ka'b dalam syair-syairnya. Beliau telah melarang mereka melakukan hal itu. Lalu Rasulullah ﷺ mengajak mereka untuk menuliskan sebuah perjanjian antara beliau, mereka, dan kaum Muslimin, yang akan mereka jadikan rujukan (untuk menyelesaikan atau memutuskan perselisihan). Maka Nabi ﷺ menuliskan perjanjian antara dirinya, mereka, dan kaum Muslimin secara umum. Rasulullah ﷺ memerintahkan agar perjanjian itu ditulis di bawah pohon anggur yang berada di kebun milik putri Al-Harith. Sahifah (naskah perjanjian) itu, setelah Rasulullah ﷺ wafat, kemudian dimiliki oleh 'Ali bin Abi Thalib, semoga Allah meridainya.
And Allah also revealed in respect to them: “Many of the People of the Scripture wish they could turn you back to disbelief after you have believed, out of envy from themselves [even] after the truth has become clear to them. So, pardon and overlook until Allah delivers His command. Verily, Allah is capable over all matters” (TMQ 2:109). Then, when Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf refused to refrain from harming the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and harming the Muslims, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) commanded Sa’d Ibn Mu’adh to dispatch a small party to kill him. Sa’d Ibn Mu’adh dispatched Muhammad bin Maslamah Al- Ansari, along with Al-Harithy, Abu ‘Abs Al-Ansari and Al-Harith the nephew of Sa’d bin Mu’adh, as part of a group of five who approached him at night whilst he was in their seated gathering at Al-‘Awaaliy. When Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf saw them, he resented their affair and was frightened by them. He said to them: “What has brought you here?” They replied: “A need has brought us to you”. He said: “Then, let some of you draw near to me to discuss with me this need”. So, some of them drew near to him and said to him: “We have come to you to sell you our armour plates so that we can spend from its price”. He (Ka’b) replied: “By Allah, if you were to do that! You have become overburdened since this man has settled among you”. He then arranged for them to come to meet him in the evening when he was less busy with the people. They came and a man from among them called for him. He then arose to leave his house and his wife said to him: “They are not knocking at your door at this time for something that you will like”. He replied: “Indeed, they have already spoken to me about their matter”. Then (when he left) Abu ‘Abs grabbed hold of him and Muhammad Bin Salamah struck him with his sword whilst some of them thrust him in his side with their swords. Then, after they had killed him the Jews and the polytheists with them were greatly alarmed and set off early to see the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) when they awoke in the morning. They said: “Verily, our companion was called upon at night, who is one of our main noblemen and was killed”. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) reminded them of what he (Ka’b) use to say in his poetry. He had forbidden them of this and then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) invited them to write between him and them and the Muslims a document, which they would refer back to (in order to resolve or arbitrate issues). And so the Prophet (peace be upon him) wrote between himself, them and the Muslims in general, a document. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had it written under the grape vines which were in the property of the daughter of Al-Harith. That Sahifah (document), following the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) came to be in the possession of ‘Ali Ibn Abi Taalib, may Allah be pleased with him”.
Isnad ini juga shahih (otentik) sebagaimana telah disebutkan sebelumnya. Selain itu, dalam isi teks ini terdapat manfaat penting, yaitu bahwa Sahifah ini, "Sahifatul Madinah", pernah berada dalam kepemilikan Amirul Mu'minin, Imam yang mendapat petunjuk, 'Ali bin Abi Thalib, semoga Allah meridhainya dan memberinya kedamaian. Sebagian dari isi Sahifah tersebut akan disajikan sebentar lagi, insya Allah Ta'ala.
I say: This Isnaad (chain of transmission) is also Sahih (authentic) as previously mentioned. There is also within the content of the text an important benefit which is that this Sahifah “Sahifaht ul-Madinah” came to be in the possession of the Ameer ul-Mu’mineen, the rightly guided Imam, ‘Ali Ibn Abi Taalib, the pleasure of Allah and His peace be upon him. Some of what came within that Sahifah (document) will be presented shortly, by the permission of Allah Ta’aalaa.
Pernyataan dalam teks yang menggambarkannya sebagai sebuah dokumen yang akan mereka (orang-orang Yahudi dan musyrikin) rujuk kembali, merupakan ungkapan yang tepat mengenai hakikat dokumen tersebut dan bahwa ia, dalam kenyataannya, merupakan sebuah konstitusi, karena ia dirujuk untuk menyelesaikan persoalan, yakni ia adalah rujukan yang dikembalikan dan yang harus dipegang serta ditaati. Ia juga sekaligus merupakan sebuah perjanjian ('Ahd) dan kesepakatan (Meethaaq) (atau kontrak dan persetujuan). Perhatikan di sini bahwa beliau ﷺ-lah yang memulainya bersama mereka dan mengajak mereka kepada dokumen tersebut. Dengan demikian, ajakan itu datang dari beliau ﷺ dan bukan dari mereka. Dalam "Mu'jam" karya At-Tabaraani (16/480/15503), rincian pembunuhan Ka'b bin Al-Asyraf disebutkan melalui jalur lain: Abdur Rahman bin Abdullah bin Ka'b bin Malik meriwayatkan:
The statement in the text which describes it as a document which they (the Jews and polytheists) will refer back to, is a precise expression of the reality of the document and that it represents, in its reality, a constitution, because it is referred to in order to resolve issues i.e. it is the reference that is returned to and which must be committed to or abided by. It is also at the same time a covenant (‘Ahd) and treaty (Meethaaq) (or contract and agreement). Observe here that it was he (peace be upon him) who initiated it with them and invited them to that document. As such, the invitation came from him and not from them. In the “Mu’jam” of At-Tabaraani (16/480/15503), the details of the killing of Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf were mentioned via another path: Abdur Rahman bin Abdullah bin Ka’b bin Malik related:
Kemudian, ketika Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf menolak untuk berhenti menyakiti Rasulullah ﷺ dan menyakiti kaum Muslimin, Rasulullah ﷺ memerintahkan Sa’d bin Mu’adz dan Muhammad bin Maslamah Al-Anshari, bersama Al-Harits, Abu ‘Abs bin Jabr Al-Anshari, dan Al-Harits keponakan Sa’d bin Mu’adz, sebagai bagian dari sebuah kelompok yang beranggotakan lima orang. Mereka kemudian mendatanginya pada malam hari ketika ia sedang berada di tengah majelisnya di Al-‘Awaali. Ketika Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf melihat mereka, ia tidak senang dengan kedatangan mereka dan merasa takut kepada mereka. Ia berkata kepada mereka: “Apa yang membawa kalian ke sini?” Mereka menjawab: “Suatu keperluan membawa kami kepadamu”. Ia berkata: “Kalau begitu, biarlah sebagian dari kalian mendekat kepadaku untuk membicarakan keperluan ini denganku”. Maka sebagian dari mereka mendekat kepadanya dan berkata kepadanya: “Kami datang kepadamu untuk menjual baju besi kami kepadamu agar kami dapat membelanjakan harganya”. Ia (Ka’b) menjawab: “Demi Allah, jika kalian benar-benar melakukan itu. Sungguh, kalian telah dibebani sejak orang ini menetap di antara kalian”. Lalu ia mengatur agar mereka datang menemuinya pada sore hari ketika ia sedang tidak terlalu sibuk dengan orang-orang.
Then, when Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf refused to refrain from harming the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and harming the Muslims, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) commanded Sa’d Ibn Mu’adh and Muhammad bin Maslamah Al-Ansari, along with Al- Harithy, Abu ‘Eisaa bin Habr Al-Ansaari and Al-Harith the nephew of Sa’d bin Mu’adh, as part of a group of five. They then approached him at night whilst he was in their seated gathering at Al-‘Awaaliy. When Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf saw them, he resented their affair and was frightened of them. He said to them: “What has brought you here?” They replied: “A need has brought us to you”. He said: “Then, let some of you draw near to me to discuss with me this need”. So, some of them drew near to him and said to him: “We have come to you to sell you our armour plates so that we can spend from its price”. He (Ka’b) replied: “By Allah, If you were to do that. Indeed, you have become overburdened since this man has settled amongst you”. He then arranged for them to come to meet him in the evening when he was less busy with the people. .
Mereka datang, dan seorang laki-laki di antara mereka memanggilnya. Ia lalu bangkit untuk keluar dari rumahnya, dan istrinya berkata kepadanya: "Mereka tidak mengetuk pintumu pada jam seperti ini untuk sesuatu yang kamu sukai." Ia menjawab: "Sesungguhnya mereka telah berbicara kepadaku tentang urusan mereka." Maka ia pun keluar menemui mereka. Muhammad bin Maslamah lalu memegangnya dan berkata kepada teman-temannya: "Jangan biarkan dia lolos, meskipun kalian harus membunuh aku dan dia bersamaan." Beberapa dari mereka kemudian menusuk lambungnya dengan pedang mereka.
They came and a man from among them called for him. He then arose to leave his house and his wife said to him: “They are not knocking at your door at this time for something that you will like”. He replied: “Indeed, they have already spoken to me about their matter”. So, he went out to meet them. Muhammad bin Maslamah then grabbed hold of him and said to his companions: “Don’t let him getaway even if you kill me and him at the same time”. Some of them then thrust him in his side with their swords. .
Kemudian, setelah mereka membunuhnya, orang-orang Yahudi dan kaum musyrikin yang bersama mereka sangat ketakutan, dan mereka berangkat pagi-pagi sekali untuk menemui Rasulullah ﷺ ketika mereka bangun di pagi hari. Mereka berkata: "Sesungguhnya, sahabat kami telah dipanggil pada malam hari, dia adalah salah seorang pemuka utama kami, dan dia telah dibunuh." Kemudian Rasulullah ﷺ mengingatkan mereka tentang apa yang biasa dikatakan Ka'b dalam syairnya dan bagaimana ia menyakiti mereka dengan syair itu. Lalu Rasulullah ﷺ mengajak mereka agar dibuat sebuah Sahifah (dokumen) yang tertulis antara beliau, mereka, dan kaum Muslimin secara umum, yang akan mencakup urusan masyarakat. Lalu Rasulullah ﷺ memerintahkan agar dokumen itu ditulis.
Then, after they had killed him the Jews and the polytheists with them were greatly alarmed and set off early to see the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) when they awoke in the morning. They said: “Verily, our companion was called upon at night, who is one of our main noblemen, and was killed”. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) reminded them of what he (Ka’b) use to say in his poetry and how he would harm them with it. Then, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) invited them for there to be written between him and them and the Muslims in general, a Sahifah (document), which would encompass the affair of the people. And then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had it written.”.
Kisah ini juga diriwayatkan dalam kitab "Mu'jam" karya At-Tabaraani (16/482/15504) melalui jalur lain. 'Abdaan bin Ahmad meriwayatkan dari Abu At-Taahir bin As-Sarh, dari Ibnu Wahb, dari Ibnu Lahee'ah, dari 'Aqeel, yang meriwayatkan dari Ibnu Syihab, dari 'Abdur Rahman bin Ka'b bin Malik:
The incident was also related in the “Mu’jam” of At-Tabaraani (16/482/15504) via another path. ‘Abdaan bin Ahmad related from Abu At-Taahir bin As-Sarh from Ibn Wahb from Ibn Lahee’ah from ‘Aqeel who related from Ibn Shihab from Abdur Rahman bin Ka’b bin Malik:
Pada peristiwa seperti Badr, seseorang seharusnya menangis dan bercucuran air mata.
At events like Badr you should weep and cry.
Orang-orang terbaik di antara mereka terbunuh di sekitar sumur-sumurnya. "Siapa yang akan menanganiku (yaitu menyingkirkan) Bin Al-Asyraf?" Muhammad bin Maslamah, saudara Bani Abdil-Asy'hal, berkata: "Saya yang akan menanganinya untukmu, wahai Rasulullah ﷺ. Saya akan membunuhnya." Beliau ﷺ menjawab: "Jika engkau mampu melaksanakannya, maka lakukanlah." Muhammad bin Maslamah kemudian kembali ke tempat tinggalnya dan tinggal di sana selama tiga hari, tidak makan dan minum kecuali sekadar untuk tetap hidup. Hal ini disampaikan kepada Rasulullah ﷺ, lalu beliau memanggilnya. Beliau ﷺ bersabda kepadanya: "Mengapa engkau meninggalkan makan dan minum?" Ia menjawab: "Wahai Rasulullah ﷺ, saya telah berkata bahwa saya akan melakukan sesuatu kepadamu, dan saya tidak tahu apakah saya akan mampu melaksanakannya." Beliau ﷺ menjawab: "Yang diwajibkan atasmu hanyalah berusaha." Ia kemudian berkata: "Wahai Rasulullah ﷺ, kami mungkin perlu mengucapkan beberapa hal (yaitu menggunakan tipu daya)." Beliau ﷺ menjawab: "Katakanlah apa yang menurutmu perlu dikatakan, karena hal itu halal bagimu dalam hal ini."
The best of the people were slain round its cisterns, “Who will deal with (i.e. eliminate) Bin Al-Ashraf for me?” Muhammad bin Maslamah, the brother of Banu Abdi l-Ash’hal said: “I will deal with him for you O Messenger of Allah. I will kill him”. He (peace be upon him) replied: “If you are capable of carrying it out, then do it”. Muhammad bin Maslamah then went back to his locality and remained for three days, neither eating nor drinking more than he required to remain living. This was mentioned to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) who then called for him. He (peace be upon him) said to him: “Why have you left the food and drink?” He replied: “O Messenger of Allah, I said that I would do something to you and I don’t know if I will be able to fulfil it”. He (peace be upon him) replied: “To try is all that is required of you”. He (then) said: “O Messenger of Allah, it will be necessary for us to say certain things (i.e. use deception)”. He (peace be upon him) replied: “Say what you believe needs to be said as this is Halaal for you in this regard”. .
Kemudian Muhammad bin Maslamah, Silkan bin Salamah bin Waqsh (dikenal sebagai Abu Naa'ilah) dari Bani Abdi l-Ash'hal yang merupakan saudara sepersusuan Ka'b bin Al-Ashraf, 'Abbad bin Bishr bin Waqsh dari Bani Abdi l-Ash'hal, Al-Harith bin Aws bin Mu'adh dari Bani Abdi l-Ash'hal, dan Abu 'Abs bin Jabr dari Bani Harithah, berkumpul bersama untuk merencanakan pembunuhannya. Mereka kemudian menuju musuh Allah, Ka'b bin Al-Ashraf, namun didahului oleh Silkan bin Salamah Abu Naa'ilah yang datang kepadanya dan berbicara dengannya beberapa lama, saling melantunkan syair, karena Abu Naa'il sendiri adalah seorang penyair. Ia (Abu Naa'il) lalu berkata: "Celakalah engkau, wahai putra Al-Ashraf, aku datang kepadamu dengan suatu urusan yang ingin aku sampaikan kepadamu, maka rahasiakanlah." Ka'b menjawab: "Silakan."
Ia berkata: "Kedatangan orang ini telah menjadi malapetaka bagi kami. Orang-orang Arab (Badui) telah memusuhi kami dan menyerang kami secara serentak, serta memutus jalur perjalanan kami, sehingga keluarga kami berada di ambang kehancuran dan penderitaan. Kami semua telah terbebani, dan keluarga kami pun terbebani."
Ka'b lalu berkata: "Aku adalah putra Al-Ashraf, dan demi Allah, aku telah memberitahumu, wahai putra Salamah, bahwa urusan ini akan berakhir sebagaimana yang telah aku katakan kepadamu."
Silkan berkata: "Aku telah... Janganlah heran bahwa para raja dibiarkan terbaring."
Then Muhammad bin Maslamah, Silkan bin Salamah bin Waqsh (known as Abu Naa’ilah) of Banu Abdi l-Ash’hal who was the foster- brother of Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf, ‘Abbad bin Bishr bin Waqsh of Banu Abdi l-Ash’hal, Al-Harith bin Aws bin Mu’adh of Banu Abdi l-Ash’hal and Abu ‘Abs bin Jabr of Banu Harithah, gathered together to plan to kill him. They then headed to the enemy of Allah Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf, albeit preceded by Silkan bin Salamah Abu Naa’ilah who went to him and spoke with him for a while, reciting poetry to each other, as Abu Naa’il was himself a poet. He (Abu Naa’il) then said: “Woe to you son of Al-Ashraf, I have come to you about a matter that I wish to bring up with you, so keep it to yourself”. He replied: “Go ahead”. He said: “The arrival of this man has been an affliction for us. The Arabs (Bedouins) have become hostile to us and are attacking us as one and have cut off our travelling paths to the point that our families are facing ruin and suffering. We have all become overburdened and our families have become overburdened”. Ka’b then said: “I am the son of Al-Ashraf and by Allah I informed you, O son of Salamah, that the matter would turn out just as I told you it would”. Silkan said: “I had Don’t think it strange that the Kings were left lying.
Sebagian orang yang kemarahannya menyenangkan hatiku berkata, "Ka'b bin al-Asyraf benar-benar hina dan terhina." Dan mereka benar. Andai saja bumi terbelah ketika mereka dibunuh dan menelan penduduknya! Betapa banyak lelaki mulia dan tampan, tempat berlindung bagi para tunawisma, yang telah terbunuh, dermawan di saat bintang-bintang tidak menurunkan hujan.
Some people whose anger pleases me say “Ka’b bin al-Ashraf is utterly dejected.” They are right. O that the earth when they were killed Had split asunder and engulfed its people! How many noble handsome men, the refuge of the homeless, were slain, Liberal when the stars gave no rain,
Yang memikul beban orang lain, memerintah dan menegakkan hak-hak mereka.
Who bore others’ burdens, ruling and taking their due forth.
Saya diberi tahu bahwa seluruh Banu al-Mughirah dihinakan dan direndahkan dengan kematian Abu¯ l-Hakeem, dan kedua putra Rabi'ah bersamanya, serta Munabbih. Apakah ia binasa seperti kaum Tubba'?
I was told that all the Banu al-Mughirah were humiliated And brought low by the death of Abu¯ l-Hakeem And the two sons of Rabi’ah along with him, and Munabbih Was he destroyed in the manner of Tubba?
Hassan Ath-Thabit membalasnya dengan berkata: Apakah Ka'b menangisinya tiada henti, Dan hidup dalam kehinaan tanpa mendengar apa pun?
Hassan Ath-Thabit responded to him saying: Does Ka’b weep for him incessantly And lives in humiliation hearing nothing?
Di lembah Badr aku melihat sebagian dari mereka terbunuh,
In the vale of Badr I saw some of them, killed,
Mata meneteskan air mata untuk mereka.
Eyes shedding tears for them.
Menangislah untukmu, engkau telah membuat seorang budak hina menangis, seperti anak anjing yang mengikuti anjing betina kecil.
Weep for you have made a sordid slave shed tears Like a pup following a little bitch.
Allah telah menganugerahkan kepuasan kepada pemimpin kami, dan mempermalukan serta menundukkan mereka yang memeranginya.
Allah has granted satisfaction to our leader And put to shame and prostrated those who fought him.
Mereka yang hatinya dicabik oleh rasa takut
Melarikan diri dan lari dari mereka
Dengan cepat, para pelarian yang sedikit dan kalah
Melarikan diri dan lari dari mereka.
Those whose hearts were torn with fear Escaped and fled from them Swiftly, the few defeated fugitives Escaped and fled from them.
Kemudian, Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf kembali ke Al-Madinah dan menggubah syair-syair yang tidak pantas tentang kaum wanita Muslim, hingga ia menyakiti hati mereka. Sebagaimana diriwayatkan kepadaku dari Abdullah bin Al-Mugheeth bin Abi Burdah, Rasulullah ﷺ kemudian bersabda: “Siapa yang akan menangani (yakni menyingkirkan) Bin Al-Ashraf untukku?” Muhammad bin Maslamah, saudara Bani Abdi l-Ash’hal, berkata: “Aku akan menanganinya untukmu, wahai Rasulullah. Aku akan membunuhnya.” Beliau ﷺ menjawab: “Jika engkau mampu melaksanakannya, maka lakukanlah.” Muhammad bin Maslamah kemudian kembali ke kampungnya dan tinggal selama tiga hari, tidak makan dan minum kecuali sekadar untuk tetap bertahan hidup. Hal ini disampaikan kepada Rasulullah ﷺ, lalu beliau memanggilnya. Beliau ﷺ bertanya kepadanya: “Mengapa engkau meninggalkan makan dan minum?” Ia menjawab: “Wahai Rasulullah, aku telah mengatakan bahwa aku akan melakukan sesuatu terhadapmu, dan aku tidak tahu apakah aku akan mampu melaksanakannya.” Beliau ﷺ bersabda: “Yang diwajibkan atasmu hanyalah berusaha.” Ia (lalu) berkata: “Wahai Rasulullah, kami mungkin perlu mengucapkan sesuatu (yakni menggunakan tipu daya).” Beliau ﷺ menjawab: “Ucapkanlah apa yang menurutmu perlu diucapkan, karena hal itu dihalalkan bagimu dalam hal ini.” .
Then, Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf returned to Al-Madinah and composed inappropriate poems about the Muslim women to the point that he offended them. As narrated to me from Abdullah bin Al-Mugheeth bin Abi Burdah, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) then said: “Who will deal with (i.e. eliminate) Bin Al-Ashraf for me?” Muhammad bin Maslamah, the brother of Banu Abdi l-Ash’hal said: “I will deal with him for you O Messenger of Allah. I will kill him”. He (peace be upon him) replied: “If you are capable of carrying it out, then do it”. Muhammad bin Maslamah then went back to his locality and remained for three days, neither eating nor drinking more than he required to remain living. This was mentioned to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) who then called for him. He (peace be upon him) said to him: “Why have you left the food and drink?” He replied: “O Messenger of Allah, I said that I would do something to you and I don’t know if I will be able to fulfil it”. He (peace be upon him) replied: “To try is all that is required of you”. He (then) said: “O Messenger of Allah, it will be necessary for us to say certain things (i.e. use deception)”. He (peace be upon him) replied: “Say what you believe needs to be said as this is Halaal for you in this regard”. .
Kemudian Muhammad bin Maslamah, Silkan bin Salamah bin Waqsh (dikenal dengan nama Abu Naa'ilah) dari Bani Abdi l-Ash'hal yang merupakan saudara sesusuan Ka'b bin Al-Ashraf, 'Abbad bin Bishr bin Waqsh dari Bani Abdi l-Ash'hal, Al-Harith bin Aws bin Mu'adh dari Bani Abdi l-Ash'hal, dan Abu 'Abs bin Jabr dari Bani Harithah, berkumpul bersama untuk merencanakan pembunuhannya. Mereka kemudian menuju musuh Allah, Ka'b bin Al-Ashraf, namun Silkan bin Salamah Abu Naa'ilah mendahului mereka. Ia pergi menemui Ka'b dan berbicara dengannya beberapa saat, saling berbalas syair, karena Abu Naa'il sendiri adalah seorang penyair. Lalu ia (Abu Naa'il) berkata: "Celaka engkau, wahai putra Al-Ashraf, aku datang kepadamu membawa suatu urusan yang ingin kubicarakan denganmu, maka rahasiakanlah." Ia menjawab: "Silakan." Ia berkata: "Kedatangan orang ini (Nabi ﷺ) telah menjadi musibah bagi kami. Orang-orang Arab (Badui) telah memusuhi kami, mereka menyerang kami serentak dan telah memutus jalur perjalanan kami, sehingga keluarga kami terancam kehancuran dan kesengsaraan. Kami semua telah terbebani, dan keluarga kami pun terbebani." Ka'b berkata: "Aku adalah putra Al-Ashraf, dan demi Allah, telah kukatakan kepadamu, wahai putra Salamah, bahwa urusan ini akan berakhir sebagaimana yang telah kukatakan kepadamu." Silkan berkata: "Aku ingin engkau menjual makanan kepada kami, dan sebagai imbalannya kami akan memberikan jaminan, perjanjian yang kokoh, serta kesetiaan atas perjanjian itu." Ia bertanya: "Maukah kalian memberiku anak-anak kalian sebagai jaminan?" "Apakah engkau ingin mempermalukan kami? Aku memiliki beberapa kawan yang berpikiran sama denganku. Aku ingin membawa mereka kepadamu agar engkau menjual kepada mereka dan memperlakukan kami dengan baik dalam hal itu. Kami akan memberimu persediaan baju zirah (yakni senjata) yang melimpah sebagai jaminan." [Silkan tidak ingin Ka'b keberatan dengan senjata jika mereka datang kepadanya membawanya.] Ka'b berkata: "Baju zirah (senjata) itu sudah memadai." Silkan kemudian kembali kepada kawan-kawannya dan memberitahukan apa yang telah terjadi. Ia menyuruh mereka membawa senjata, berangkat, lalu bergabung bersamanya. Kemudian mereka bertemu di rumah Rasulullah ﷺ … Tambahan: Ibnu Hisyam berkata: Dikatakan bahwa ia (Ka'b) berkata: "Maukah kalian memberikan wanita-wanita kalian kepadaku sebagai jaminan?" Mereka menjawab: "Bagaimana kami bisa memberikan wanita-wanita kami kepadamu, padahal engkau adalah orang termuda di antara penduduk Yathrib dan yang paling banyak memberi?" Ia (kemudian) berkata: "Maukah kalian memberikan anak-anak lelaki kalian kepadaku sebagai jaminan?"
Then Muhammad bin Maslamah, Silkan bin Salamah bin Waqsh (known as Abu Naa’ilah) of Banu Abdi l-Ash’hal who was the foster- brother of Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf, ‘Abbad bin Bishr bin Waqsh of Banu Abdi l-Ash’hal, Al-Harith bin Aws bin Mu’adh of Banu Abdi l-Ash’hal and Abu ‘Abs bin Jabr of Banu Harithah, gathered together to plan to kill him. They then headed to the enemy of Allah Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf, albeit preceded by Silkan bin Salamah Abu Naa’ilah who went to him and spoke with him for a while, reciting poetry to each other, as Abu Naa’il was himself a poet. He (Abu Naa’il) then said: “Woe to you son of Al-Ashraf, I have come to you about a matter that I wish to bring up with you, so keep it to yourself”. He replied: “Go ahead”. He said: “The arrival of this man has been an affliction for us. The Arabs (Bedouins) have become hostile to us and are attacking us as one and have cut off our travelling paths to the point that our families are facing ruin and suffering. We have all become overburdened and our families have become overburdened”. Ka’b then said: “I am the son of Al-Ashraf and by Allah I informed you, O son of Salamah, that the matter would turn out just as I told you it would”. Silkan said: “I had wanted for you to sell us food and in return we would give you a security, firm contract and be faithful to that”. He asked: “Would you give me your sons as a security?”. “Is it your wish to disgrace us? I have some companions with me who think as I do. I wanted to bring them to you so that you sell to them and deal with us in a good manner in respect to that. We will give you an abundant supply of coats of mail (i.e. weapons) as a surety”. [Silkan didn’t want him to be put off by the weapons if they came to him with it]. He (Ka’b) said: “The coats of mail (weaponry) will be satisfactory”. Silkan then returned to his companions and informed them of what had taken place. He told them to take their weapons, set off and then join up with him. They then met up at the house of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)” … Addition: Ibn Hishaam said: It is said that he (Ka’b) said: “Will you give to me your women as a surety?” He replied: “How could we give you our women whilst you are the most youthful of the people of Yathrib and one who can give the most?” He (then) said: “Will you give me your sons as a surety?”. .
Ibnu Ishaq meriwayatkan bahwa Tsaur bin Zaid meriwayatkan dari Ikrimah, mawla (budak yang telah dimerdekakan) Ibnu 'Abbas, bahwa Ibnu 'Abbas berkata: "Rasulullah ﷺ mengantar mereka sampai ke Baqi' al-Gharqad, lalu melepas mereka dengan berkata: "Berangkatlah dengan nama Allah. Ya Allah, tolonglah mereka." Kemudian beliau ﷺ kembali ke rumahnya. Malam itu bulan purnama, dan mereka terus berjalan hingga sampai di benteng tempat tinggal Ka'b. Abu Na'ilah kemudian memanggilnya. Ka'b baru saja menikah, lalu ia melompat dari selimutnya. Istrinya memegang ujung selimut itu dan berkata kepadanya: "Engkau adalah seorang pejuang. Orang-orang yang berperang tidak keluar dari rumah pada jam seperti ini." Ka'b menjawab: "Itu Abu Na'ilah. Jika ia mendapati aku sedang tidur, ia tidak akan membangunkanku." Istrinya berkata: "Demi Allah, aku mendengar keburukan dalam suaranya." Ka'b kemudian berkata: "Sekalipun seorang pemuda pemberani dipanggil untuk ditusuk pedang, ia tetap menyambut panggilan itu."
Ibn Ishaq related that Thawr Bin Zaid related from Ikrimah the mawla of Ibn ‘Abbas that Ibn ‘Abbas said: “The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) accompanied them to Baqee’ Al-Gharqad and then sent them off saying: “Set off in the name of Allah. O Allah aid them”. He (peace be upon him) then returned to his house. It was a moonlit night and they continued on until they reached his fortified residence. Abu Naa’ilah then called out to him. He (Ka’b) had recently married and he leapt up from his blanket. His wife took hold of an end of it and said to him: “You are a warring man. The people of war do not leave their house at this hour”. He replied: “It is Abu Naa’ilah. If he found that I was sleeping, he would not have wakened me”. She said: “By Allah, I have discerned evil in his voice”. Ka’b then said: “Even if a brave young man is called to be thrust by a sword he still responds to that call”. .
Lalu ia turun menemui mereka dan berbicara dengan mereka beberapa saat. Kemudian mereka berkata: "Maukah engkau berjalan bersama kami, wahai Ibnu Al-Asyraf, ke Syi'b al-Ajuz, agar kami dapat berbincang sisa malam ini di sana?" "Jika kalian mau," jawabnya. Mereka pun berangkat berjalan bersama dan berjalan beberapa saat. Lalu Abu Na'ilah menyisir rambut (Ka'b) dengan tangannya sampai ke pelipis, mencium tangannya, dan berkata: "Aku belum pernah mencium wangi seharum ini." Kemudian ia berjalan lagi beberapa saat, lalu mengulangi hal yang sama, sehingga Ka'b lengah. Ia kembali berjalan beberapa saat, lalu melakukannya lagi, kali ini dengan memegang rambutnya erat-erat di kedua pelipis. Kemudian ia berkata: "Serang musuh Allah!" Pedang-pedang mereka menghujaninya dengan pukulan, namun tidak berhasil. Muhammad bin Maslamah kemudian berkata: "Ketika aku melihat pedang-pedang kami tidak berguna, aku teringat sebilah belati panjang dan tipis yang ada di sarungku, lalu aku mengambilnya. Saat itu musuh Allah telah berteriak sangat keras sehingga lampu-lampu dinyalakan di setiap benteng di sekitar kami. Aku menusukkan belati itu ke dadanya dan menekannya begitu kuat hingga mencapai kemaluannya, lalu musuh Allah itu tersungkur. Al-Harits bin Aus bin Mu'adz terluka di kepala atau kakinya, terkena pedang salah seorang dari kami."
He went down to them and spoke to them for a while. Then they said: “Would you like to walk with us O Ibn Al-Ashraf, to Shi’b al-Ajuz, so that we can talk the remainder of this night of ours, over there?” "If you like" he replied. They set out walking together and walked for a while. Then Abu Naa'ilah combed his hand through the hair of (Ka’b) to the temples, smelt it, and said: "I have never known perfume to smell so good as it does tonight." Then he walked on for a while, and did the same thing again, so that Kalb relaxed his guard. He then walked on for a while, and did it again, (this time) taking hold firmly of the hair by both temples. Then he said: “Strike the enemy of Allah!” Their swords rained blows upon him, but to no avail. Muhammad bin Maslamah said later: “When I saw that our swords were of no avail, I remembered a long, thin dagger which I had in my scabbard, and took hold of it. By this time the enemy of Allah had yelled out so loudly that lamps had been lit in all the strongholds around us. I plunged the dagger into his breast and pressed upon it so heavily that it reached his pubic region, and the enemy of Allah fell. Al-Harith bin Aws bin Mu'adh had been wounded in the head or the leg, struck by one of our swords. .
Dia melanjutkan: Kami berangkat, melewati perkampungan Bani Umayyah bin Zaid dan Bani Quraizhah, lalu melewati Bu'ats, hingga kami naik ke Harrah al-'Urayd. Sahabat kami, al-Harits bin Aws, tertinggal di belakang kami dalam keadaan banyak mengeluarkan darah, maka kami menunggunya sejenak, lalu ia menyusul kami setelah mengikuti jejak kami. Kemudian kami membawanya kepada Rasulullah ﷺ, dan kami tiba di hadapan beliau pada akhir malam. Beliau sedang shalat, maka kami mengucapkan salam, dan beliau keluar menemui kami. Kami memberitahukan bahwa musuh Allah telah terbunuh, lalu beliau meludahi luka sahabat kami. Setelah itu beliau kembali, dan kami semua pulang ke keluarga masing-masing. Keesokan paginya, orang-orang Yahudi diliputi ketakutan karena serangan kami terhadap musuh Allah, dan tidak ada seorang Yahudi pun di sana kecuali ia khawatir akan nyawanya.
He continued: We left, passing through the quarters of the Banu Umayyah bin Zayd and the Banu Qurayzah, and then through Bu'ath, until we ascended the Harrah of al-'Urayd. Our companion al-Harith bin Aws was lagging behind us, bleeding heavily, so we waited for him a while, and then he came to us, having followed our tracks. We then carried him to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) which we reached at the end of the night. He was standing in prayer, so we greeted him, and he came out to meet us. We told him that the enemy of Allah had been killed and he spat upon the wound of our companion. He then returned and we all returned to our families. The next morning, the Jews were in a state of fear on account of our attack upon the enemy of Allah, and there was not a Jew there except that he feared for his life”. .
Kisah Ka'b bin Al-Asyraf juga diriwayatkan secara rinci dalam "Al-Maghaziy" karya Al-Waqidi (1/189).
The story of Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf was also related in detail in “Al- Maghaziy” of Al-Waqidiy (1/189). .
Diriwayatkan dari Az-Zuhriy, dari Ibnu Ka'b bin Malik, dan Ibrahim bin Ja'far dari ayahnya, dan Jabir bin 'Abdullah, yang berkata:
Related from Az-Zuhriy from Ibn Ka’b bin Malik and Ibrahim bin Ja’far from his father and Jabir bin ‘Abdullah who said:.
“Bahwa seorang Yahudi bernama Ka’b bin Al-Asyraf adalah seorang penyair, dan ia biasa mengejek Rasulullah ﷺ dan para sahabatnya serta menghasut orang-orang kafir Quraisy untuk melawan mereka dalam syairnya. Rasulullah ﷺ datang ke Madinah, dan penduduknya terdiri dari berbagai golongan: kaum Muslimin yang dipersatukan oleh dakwah Rasulullah ﷺ, kaum Musyrikin yang menyembah berhala, dan kaum Yahudi, termasuk di antara mereka orang-orang yang ahli dalam persenjataan dan benteng-benteng, serta mereka adalah sekutu penduduk (Yatsrib); suku Aws dan Khazraj. Ketika Rasulullah ﷺ tiba di Al-Madinah, beliau ingin memperbaiki keadaan mereka semua dan membuat perjanjian dengan mereka. Ada seorang laki-laki yang menjadi Muslim sementara ayahnya seorang Musyrik, dan ada seorang laki-laki yang menjadi Muslim sementara saudaranya seorang Musyrik.”
““That the Jew Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf was a poet and he use to mock the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and his companions and incite the disbelievers of Quraish against them in his poetry. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) came to Madinah and its people were a mix; consisting of the Muslims who were unified by the Da’wah (call) of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), the Mushrikeen (polytheists) who worshiped idols and the Jews including those from them who were people of weaponry and fortresses and they were the allies of the inhabitants (of Yathrib); the Aws and the Khazraj. When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) arrived in Al-Madinah he wanted to remedy the situation of them all and make a treaty with them. A man would be a Muslim and his father a Mushrik (polytheist) and a man would be Muslim and his brother a Mushrik. .
Ketika Rasulullah ﷺ tiba di Madinah, kaum musyrikin dan Yahudi kerap menimpakan gangguan dan celaan yang besar kepada Rasulullah ﷺ dan para sahabatnya. Allah Yang Maha Tinggi memerintahkan Nabi-Nya ﷺ dan kaum Muslimin untuk bersabar atas hal itu dan memaafkan mereka. Allah Yang Maha Tinggi menurunkan firman-Nya berkenaan dengan mereka: “Sungguh kamu pasti akan diuji pada harta benda dan dirimu. Dan sungguh kamu pasti akan mendengar dari orang-orang yang diberi Kitab sebelum kamu dan dari orang-orang yang mempersekutukan Allah, gangguan yang banyak. Jika kamu bersabar dan bertakwa, sesungguhnya yang demikian itu termasuk hal-hal yang harus diutamakan” (QS. Ali 'Imran: 186). Dan Allah juga menurunkan firman-Nya berkenaan dengan mereka: “Banyak di antara Ahli Kitab yang menginginkan agar kamu kembali menjadi kafir setelah kamu beriman, karena rasa dengki dari diri mereka sendiri, setelah kebenaran itu jelas bagi mereka. Maka maafkanlah dan biarkanlah mereka sampai Allah mendatangkan perintah-Nya. Sesungguhnya Allah Maha Kuasa atas segala sesuatu” (QS. Al-Baqarah: 109).
Ibnu al-Asyraf tidak mau berhenti mencela Nabi ﷺ dan kaum Muslimin, bahkan ia melakukannya dengan sangat keterlaluan. Kemudian ketika Zaid bin Haritsah datang membawa kabar dari Badar tentang terbunuhnya kaum musyrikin dan ditawannya sebagian mereka, serta ia telah melihat para tawanan itu dirantai, Ibnu al-Asyraf pun sangat terpukul dan terhina. Ia berkata kepada kaumnya: “Celakalah kalian! Demi Allah, perut bumi lebih baik bagi kalian hari ini daripada permukaannya! Orang-orang terbaik telah terbunuh dan tertawan. Apa yang akan kalian lakukan?” Mereka menjawab, “Permusuhan kepadanya akan terus berlangsung selama kami hidup.” Ia berkata: “Apa yang bisa kalian lakukan, padahal ia telah menginjak-injak kaumnya dan mengalahkan mereka? Sebaliknya, aku akan pergi kepada Quraisy untuk menghasut mereka dan meratapi orang-orang mati mereka, agar mungkin mereka mengeluarkan perintah, lalu aku akan keluar bersama mereka (untuk berperang).” Ka'b berangkat hingga tiba di Makkah, lalu singgah di rumah Abu Wada'ah bin Dubairah As-Sahmiy yang menikah dengan Atikah binti Usaid bin Abu l-'Eeas. Kemudian ia mulai meratapi kaum Quraisy, dengan berkata:
When the Messenger (peace be upon him) came to Al-Madinah, the polytheists and Jews would bring great harm/abuse to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and his companions. Allah, the Most High, commanded his Prophet (peace be upon him) and the Muslims to persevere patiently upon that and overlook them. Allah, the Most High, revealed in respect to them: “You will surely be tested in your possessions and in yourselves. And you will surely hear from those who were given the Scripture before you and from those who associate others with Allah much abuse. But if you are patient and fear Allah - indeed, that is of the matters [worthy] of determination” (TMQ 3:186). And Allah also revealed in respect to them: “Many of the People of the Scripture wish they could turn you back to disbelief after you have believed, out of envy from themselves [even] after the truth has become clear to them. So pardon and overlook until Allah delivers His command. Verily, Allah is capable over all matters” (TMQ 2:109). Ibn al-Ashraf refused to abstain from abusing the Prophet (peace be upon him) and the Muslims which he had done to a great extent. Then when Zayd bin Haritha arrived with tidings from Badr about the killing of the polytheists and the capture of prisoners from them, and had seen the prisoners chained, Ibn al-Ashraf was dejected and degraded and said to his people: “Woe unto you! By Allah, the bowels of the earth are better for you than its surface today! The best of the people have been killed and taken prisoner. What will you do?” They replied, “Enmity towards him will last as long as we live.” He said: “What are you whilst he has trampled his people, and defeated them? Rather, I will go to the Quraysh and incite them and weep for their dead so they will, perhaps, issue a command and then I will go out with them (in war).” Ka’b departed until he arrived in Makkah, stopping at the residence of Abu Wada’ah bin Dubairah As-Sahmiy who was married to Atikah the daughter of Usaid bin Abu l-‘Eeas. He then began to mourn the Quraysh, saying:
Penggilingan Badr menumpahkan darah penduduknya.
Badr’s mill churned out the blood of its people.
Pada peristiwa seperti Badr, seseorang seharusnya menangis dan bercucuran air mata.
At events like Badr you should weep and cry.
Sebaik-baik manusia terbunuh di sekitar kolam-kolamnya,
The best of the people were slain round its cisterns,
Jangan merasa heran bahwa para raja itu dibiarkan tergeletak.
Don’t think it strange that the Kings were left lying.
Sebagian orang yang kemarahannya menyenangkan hatiku berkata, "Ka'b bin al-Asyraf benar-benar hina dan terhina." Dan mereka benar. Andai saja bumi terbelah ketika mereka dibunuh dan menelan penduduknya! Betapa banyak lelaki mulia dan tampan, tempat berlindung bagi para tunawisma, yang telah terbunuh, dermawan di saat bintang-bintang tidak menurunkan hujan.
Some people whose anger pleases me say “Ka’b bin al-Ashraf is utterly dejected.” They are right. O that the earth when they were killed Had split asunder and engulfed its people! How many noble handsome men, the refuge of the homeless, were slain, Liberal when the stars gave no rain,
Yang menanggung beban orang lain, memerintah dan menuntut hak-hak mereka. Aku diberitahu bahwa seluruh Bani al-Mughirah dihinakan dan direndahkan oleh kematian Abu al-Hakam, dan kedua putra Rabi'ah bersamanya, serta Munabbih. Apakah ia dihancurkan seperti kaum Tubba'?
Who bore others’ burdens, ruling and taking their due forth. I was told that all the Banu al-Mughirah were humiliated And brought low by the death of Abu¯ l-Hakeem And the two sons of Rabi’ah along with him, and Munabbih Was he destroyed in the manner of Tubba?
Hassan Ath-Thabit membalasnya dengan berkata: Apakah Ka'b menangisinya tiada henti, Dan hidup dalam kehinaan tanpa mendengar apa pun?
Hassan Ath-Thabit responded to him saying: Does Ka’b weep for him incessantly And lives in humiliation hearing nothing?
Di lembah Badr aku melihat sebagian dari mereka terbunuh,
In the vale of Badr I saw some of them, killed,
Mata meneteskan air mata untuk mereka.
Eyes shedding tears for them.
Menangislah untukmu, engkau telah membuat seorang budak hina menangis, seperti anak anjing yang mengikuti anjing betina kecil.
Weep for you have made a sordid slave shed tears Like a pup following a little bitch.
Allah telah menganugerahkan kepuasan kepada pemimpin kami, dan mempermalukan serta menundukkan mereka yang memeranginya.
Allah has granted satisfaction to our leader And put to shame and prostrated those who fought him.
Mereka yang hatinya dicabik oleh rasa takut
Melarikan diri dan lari dari mereka
Dengan cepat, para pelarian yang sedikit dan kalah
Melarikan diri dan lari dari mereka.
Those whose hearts were torn with fear Escaped and fled from them Swiftly, the few defeated fugitives Escaped and fled from them.
Rasulullah ﷺ memanggil Hassan lalu memberitahukan kepadanya tempat Ka'b berada. Hassan berkata:
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) called for Hassan and then he informed him about where Ka’b’s was staying. Hassan said:
Apakah mereka tidak menyampaikan surat dariku kepada Aseed?
Did they not convey a letter from me to Aseed?
Pamanmu adalah budak tipu daya yang berpengalaman. Demi hidupmu, Aseed tidak memenuhi apa yang menjadi hak tetangganya.
Your uncle is an experienced slave of deceit By your life, Aseed does not fulfil what was due to his neighbour,
Bukan Khalid, dan bukan pula Zaynab yang perutnya gendut.
Neither Khalid, nor the fat bellied Zaynab.
Dan 'Attab adalah seorang budak yang tidak menunaikan perlindungan, seorang pendusta dalam urusan kepala.
And ‘Attab is a slave who does not fulfil protection A liar in the affairs of the head.
Seekor monyet terlatih yang melakukan apa yang diperintahkan.
A schooled monkey who does as he is told.
Ketika ejekan-ejekannya sampai kepada Atikah, ia melemparkan pelana milik Ibnu al-Asyraf dan berkata: "Mengapa Yahudi ini bersama kita? Tidakkah kamu melihat apa yang dilakukan Hassan terhadap kita?" Maka Ibnu al-Asyraf pun pergi. Setiap kali ia berpindah ke kelompok lain, Rasulullah ﷺ memanggil Hassan dan berkata kepadanya: "Ibnu al-Asyraf telah singgah di tempat tinggal si fulan." Ibnu al-Asyraf terus-menerus mencela dan mengejek mereka hingga pelananya dilemparkan keluar dari tempat itu. Ketika ia tidak mampu menemukan tempat berlindung, ia kembali ke Madinah.
When his insults reached Atikah, she threw out his saddle and said: Why is this Jew with us? Have you not seen what Hassan does with us? So, Ibn al-Ashraf moved on and whenever he moved on to another group, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) called for Hassan and said to him: “Ibn al-Ashraf has set down ay the residence of so- and-so person”. Ibn al-Ashraf would continue to insult and deride them until his saddle was thrown out of that place, and when he was not able to find shelter he headed back to Al-Madinah. .
Ketika kabar kedatangan Ibnu al-Asyraf sampai kepada Nabi ﷺ, beliau bersabda, "Ya Allah, cukupkanlah aku dari Ibnu al-Asyraf dengan cara yang Engkau kehendaki, berkenaan dengan ucapan-ucapan buruk dan syair-syairnya." Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda, "Siapa yang akan menghadapi Ibnu al-Asyraf, karena dia telah menyakitiku?" Muhammad bin Maslamah menjawab, "Aku yang akan melakukannya, wahai Rasulullah, aku akan membunuhnya." Beliau ﷺ menjawab, "Kalau begitu, lakukanlah!" Muhammad bin Maslamah kemudian tidak makan selama beberapa hari, sehingga Rasulullah ﷺ memanggilnya dan bersabda, "Wahai Muhammad, engkau menjauhi makanan dan minuman?" Ia menjawab, "Wahai Utusan Allah, aku telah berjanji untuk melakukan sesuatu bagimu, padahal aku tidak tahu apakah aku mampu menunaikannya." Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda, "Lakukanlah yang terbaik." Beliau menambahkan, "Musyawarahkanlah urusan ini dengan Sa'd bin Mu'adz."
When news of Ibn al-Ashraf’s arrival reached the Prophet (peace be upon him), he said, “O Allah, grant me satisfaction over Ibn al-Ashraf however you wish in respect to his evil pronouncements and words of poetry”. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: “Who will deal with Ibn al-Ashraf, for he has brought harm to me?” Muhammad bin Maslamah answered: “I will do it, O Messenger of Allah, I will kill him.” He (peace be upon him) replied: “Then you can do so!”. Muhammad bin Maslamah then stayed a few days without eating, so the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) called for him and said: “O Muhammad, you have kept away from food and drink?” He replied: “O Messenger of God, I have agreed to do something for you which I do not know that I can deliver upon”. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: “Do your best.” He added: “Consult with Sa’d bin Mu’adh about the matter”. .
Kemudian Muhammad bin Maslamah mengumpulkan sekelompok orang dari suku Aws, di antaranya ‘Abbad bin Bisyr, Abu Na’ilah Silkan bin Salamah, al-Harits bin Aws, dan Abu ‘Abs bin Jabr. Mereka berkata: “Wahai Rasulullah ﷺ, kami akan membunuhnya, tetapi izinkanlah kami menggunakan tipu daya dalam ucapan, karena hal itu akan diperlukan bagi kami”. Beliau ﷺ menjawab: “Kalian diberi izin untuk mengucapkan kata-kata seperti itu”.
Muhammad bin Maslamah then assembled a group from the Aws including ‘Abbad bin Bishr, Abu Na’ilah Silkan bin Salamah, al-Harith bin Aws and Abu Abs bin Jabr. They said: “O Messenger of Allah, we will kill him, but grant us permission to use deceit in speech as it will be necessary for us”. He (peace be upon him) replied: “You have permission to use such speech”. .
Abu Na’ilah kemudian keluar untuk menemui Ka’b. Ketika Ka’b melihatnya, ia merasa tidak senang dengan kedatangannya. Ia sangat khawatir dan takut akan diserang. Abu Na’ilah lalu berkata kepadanya: “Kami punya suatu keperluan darimu”. Ibn al-Ashraf berkata, sementara ia berada di tengah kaumnya dan di dalam pertemuan mereka: “Mendekatlah kepadaku dan sampaikan keperluanmu”, dan wajahnya berubah karena ketakutan. Abu Na’ilah dan Ibn Maslama adalah saudara sesusuannya, sehingga mereka berbincang beberapa waktu dan saling berbalas syair. Kemudian Ka’b menjadi tenang dan sesekali bertanya: “Apa keperluanmu?”, sementara Abu Na’ilah terus melantunkan syair untuknya, karena Abu Na’ilah sendiri adalah seorang penyair. Ka’b kemudian berkata: “Mungkin keperluanmu adalah agar orang-orang yang ada bersama kita ini berdiri dan pergi?” Ketika orang-orang mendengar hal itu, mereka pun berdiri untuk pergi. Abu Na’ilah berkata: “Aku tidak suka jika orang-orang hanya mendengar sebagian pembicaraan kita lalu mulai menduga-duga. Kedatangan orang ini (Muhammad ﷺ) kepada kami adalah sebuah cobaan. Orang-orang Arab (Badui) telah memerangi kami dan menjadikan kami sasaran bersama. Jalan-jalan terputus dari kami. Masyarakat sangat terbebani dan keluarga mereka menderita. Ia mengambil zakat dari kami, sementara kami tidak mendapatkan sarana untuk makan.” Ka’b berkata: “Demi Allah, bukankah aku sudah memperingatkanmu tentang hal ini, wahai Ibn Salamah, bahwa urusan ini akan berakhir seperti ini?”
Abu Na’ilah then went out to see Ka’b. When Ka’b saw him, he resented his affair. He was quite alarmed and feared he would be ambushed. Abu Na’ilah then said to him: “We have a need from you”. Ibn al-Ashraf said, while he was in the company of his people and in their gathering: “Come closer to me and inform me of your need” and his colour had changed out of fear. Abu Na’ilah and Ibn Maslama were his foster brothers, so they talked for some time and exchanged poetry with each other. Then Ka’b became contented and asked, from time to time: “What is your need!” whilst Abu Na’ilah would recite poetry to him, as Abu Na’ilah was himself a poet. Ka’b then said: “Your need is perhaps that you desire those who are in our company to get up and leave?” And when the people heard that, they stood up to leave. Abu Na’ilah said: “I dislike that the people hear only parts of our speech and then begin to speculate. The arrival of this man (Muhammad (peace be upon him)) upon us is a trial. The (Bedouin) Arabs have warred against us and have targeted us as one. The roads are cut off from us. The people are overburdened and their dependants are suffering. He takes charity from us and we do not find the means to eat.” Ka’b said: “By Allah, did I not warn you about this, O Ibn Salamah, that the matter would turn out like this?”.
Abu Na’ilah berkata: “Aku bersama beberapa sahabat yang sependapat denganku. Aku ingin membawa mereka kepadamu untuk membeli makanan dan kurma darimu, dan agar engkau berbuat baik kepada kami dalam hal itu. Sebagai gantinya, kami akan menyerahkan sebagai jaminan apa pun yang akan membuatmu yakin.”
Ka’b berkata: “Rak-rakku penuh dengan kurma Ajwah yang dapat membuat gigi geraham rontok. Wahai Abu Na’ilah, aku memang ingin melihat kesusahan ini menimpamu. Sesungguhnya engkau termasuk orang yang paling dermawan kepadaku. Engkau adalah saudaraku, dan aku pernah bersaing dengan engkau dalam menyusu!”
Kemudian Silkan berkata: “Rahasiakan tentang kami dan apa yang telah kuceritakan kepadamu tentang Muhammad ﷺ.”
Ka’b berkata: “Aku tidak akan menyebutkan sepatah kata pun tentang hal itu.”
Lalu ia berkata: “Wahai Abu Na’ilah, katakan kepadaku yang sebenarnya tentang apa yang kalian inginkan. Apa yang kalian harapkan dari urusan ini?”
Ia menjawab: “Meninggalkan dia dan menjauh darinya.”
Ka’b berkata: “Sesungguhnya engkau membuatku senang, wahai Abu Na’ilah. Lalu apa yang akan kalian serahkan kepadaku sebagai jaminan? Anak-anakmu dan wanita-wanitamu?”
Abu Na’ilah menjawab: “Tentu engkau hendak merendahkan kami dan membuka aib urusan kami. Tetapi kami akan menyerahkan baju zirah (yakni senjata) kepadamu dan apa pun yang memuaskanmu.”
Ka’b berkata: “Sesungguhnya baju zirah (senjata) sudah cukup.”
Silkan hanya mengatakan hal ini agar mereka tidak dipandang buruk ketika (nanti) mereka datang kepadanya dengan membawa senjata.
Abu Na’ilah said: “I have along with me some companions who share a similar opinion to mine. I would like to bring them to you to purchase food and dates from you and for you to be good to us in that regard that. In return, we will deposit as a surety whatever will make you assured” Ka’b said: “My shelves are filled with Ajwah dates in which one’s back teeth disappear. O Abu Na’ilah, I did wish to see this suffering from you. Indeed, you were among the most generous of people to me. You are my brother and I competed over breast milk with you!” Silkan then said: “Keep quiet about us and what I have told you about Muhammad”. Ka’b said: “I will not mention a word of it”. Then he said: “O Abu Na’ilah, tell me the truth of what you want. What is it that you all desire from this affair?” He replied: “To abandon him and withdraw from him”. Ka’b said: “Indeed, you make me happy, O Abu Na’ilah. And what will you deposit with me as a surety? Your sons and your women?” Abu Na’ilah replied: “Surely you seek to dishonour us and expose our affairs. But we will deposit coats of mail (i.e. weaponry) with you and whatever satisfies you”. Ka’b said: “Indeed, coats of mail (weaponry) is sufficient”. Silkan only said this so that they would not be looked upon negatively when they (later) came to him with weapons. .
Abu Na'ilah (kemudian) berangkat menuju waktu pertemuan yang telah ditentukan. Para sahabatnya datang dan berkumpul, lalu mereka sepakat untuk pergi menemuinya pada malam hari. Mereka mendatangi Nabi ﷺ di malam hari dan memberitahukan kepada beliau apa yang telah terjadi. Maka Nabi ﷺ berjalan bersama mereka hingga sampai di al-Baqi', lalu beliau menghadap mereka dan bersabda: "Berangkatlah, dengan berkah dan pertolongan Allah."
Abu Na’ilah (later) departed for the appointed time of meeting. His companions came and gathered, and they agreed to go to him in the evening to meet with him. They came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) at night and informed him of what had occurred. The Prophet (peace be upon him) the walked with them until he reached al-Baqee’, where he faced them and said: “Proceed, upon the blessings of Allah and His aid”.
[Ada juga yang meriwayatkan bahwa beliau bertemu dengan mereka setelah mereka shalat Isya', pada malam yang terang bulan, yang seperti siang hari, pada tanggal empat belas Rabi' al-Awwal, di awal bulan kedua puluh lima setelah hijrah.]
[It has also been said (reported) that he met them after they prayed Ishaa’, on a brightly moonlit night, which was like day, on the fourteenth of Rabee’ ul-Awwal, at the beginning of the twenty-fifth month after Hijrah]. .
Dia (perawi) berkata: Mereka terus berjalan hingga sampai ke Ibnu al-Asyraf. Ketika akhirnya mereka tiba di bentengnya, Abu Na'ilah memanggilnya. Ibnu al-Asyraf baru saja menikah, tetapi ia melompat dari tempat tidur sementara istrinya memegang sebagian selimutnya (untuk menahan gerakannya) sambil berkata: "Hendak ke mana engkau? Sesungguhnya engkau adalah seorang pejuang, dan orang seperti itu tidak keluar pada jam seperti ini?" Ia menjawab: "Aku ada janji. Itu hanyalah saudaraku Abu Na'ilah. Demi Allah, jika ia mendapatiku sedang tidur, ia tidak akan membangunkanku." Ia kemudian memukul selimut dengan tangannya sambil berkata: "Jika seorang pemuda (yang kuat) diajak untuk menikam, ia pun menyambut." Lalu ia turun menemui mereka dan mengucapkan salam kepada mereka.
He (the narrator) said: They went on until they came to Ibn al-Ashraf. When they finally reached his fortress, Abu Na’ilah called out to him. Ibn al-Ashraf had recently contracted a marriage, but he jumped out of bed while his wife grabbed a part of his blanket (to restrain his movement) saying: “Where are you going? Surely you are a warring man and such a man does not go out at this hour?” He replied: “I have an appointment. It is only my brother Abu Na’ilah. By Allah, if he had found me sleeping, he would not wake me up”. He struck the blanket with his hand saying: “If a young (strong) man is invited to a stabbing, he answers.” He then went down to them and greeted them. .
Mereka duduk dan berbincang selama satu jam hingga ia merasa nyaman dan rileks bersama mereka. Mereka berkata kepadanya: "Wahai Ibnul Asyraf, maukah engkau berjalan ke Sharj al-Ajuz, sehingga kita bisa membicarakannya sepanjang sisa malam?" Ia berkata: Mereka terus berjalan hingga menghadap ke arah Sharj. Kemudian Abu Na'ilah meletakkan tangannya di kepala Ka'b sambil berkata, "Celaka engkau, betapa harumnya wangi minyakmu ini, Ibnul Asyraf," karena Ka'b telah diberi minyak dengan musk muda, air dan ambergris, sambil menjangkau dengan tangannya ke tempat rambut yang tebal di pelipisnya, di mana terdapat keriting yang indah. Kemudian ia berjalan lagi beberapa saat dan mengulangi apa yang telah dilakukannya dengan cara yang serupa, hingga Ka'b menjadi tenang, sementara kedua tangannya saling menggenggam di rambutnya. Lalu ia memegang puncak kepalanya dan berkata kepada rekan-rekannya: "Bunuhlah musuh Allah."
They sat down and talked for an hour until he was comfortable and relaxed with them. They said to him: O Ibn al-Ashraf, would you like to walk to Sharj al- Ajuz, so we can talk about it for the rest of the night?” He said: They continued walking until they faced the direction of Sharj. Then Abu Na’ilah put his hand in the head of Ka’b saying, “Woe unto you, how excellent is this perfume of yours, Ibn al- Ashraf,” as Ka’b had been be oiled with youthful musk, water and ambergris, reaching with his hand to where the hair was massed at his temple, where there was a nice curl. Then he walked on again for a while and repeated what he had done similarly, until Ka’b was composed, while his two hands were interwoven in his hair. Then he grasped the crown of his head and said to his companions: “Kill the enemy of Allah.” .
Mereka menebaskan pedang mereka, tetapi bilah-bilahnya gagal mengenai sasaran dan sia-sia. Sebagian tebasan justru menghalau yang lain, sementara ia tetap menempel pada Abu Na'ilah. Muhammad bin Maslamah berkata: "Aku teringat sebilah pisau pendek milikku yang ada bersama pedangku. Aku menariknya keluar dan menusukkannya ke pusarnya. Lalu aku menekannya kuat-kuat dan merobeknya hingga akhirnya mencapai kemaluannya." Musuh Allah itu berteriak, dan tidak ada satu benteng Yahudi pun yang tersisa tanpa menyalakan api. Ibnu Sunaynah, salah seorang Yahudi dari Bani Harithah, meskipun ada jarak tiga mil di antara mereka, berkata: "Sesungguhnya aku mencium bau darah tertumpah di Yathrib." Sebagian dari mereka (rombongan itu) secara tidak sengaja menebas al-Harith bin Aws dengan pedang, ketika mereka sedang membunuh Ka'b, dan melukai kakinya.
They struck with their swords but the blades failed to make contact and were to no avail. Some of the blows pushed away others while he remained stuck to Abu Na’ilah. Muhammad bin Maslamah said: “I remembered a short knife of mine which was with my sword. I pulled it out and thrust it in his navel. Then I pressed heavily on it and cut him until, finally, I reached his pubic region. The enemy of Allah shouted, and not a fortress of the Jews remained but it lit a flame. Ibn Sunaynah, one of the Jews of the Banu Harithah, even though there were three miles between them, remarked: “Indeed, I smell the air of spilled blood in Yathrib”. Some of them (the party) struck al-Harith bin Aws (accidently) with a sword, while they were killing Ka’b, and wounded him in his leg. .
Setelah mereka selesai membunuhnya, mereka memenggal kepalanya dan membawanya bersama mereka. Mereka pergi dengan tergesa-gesa karena takut akan penyergapan orang-orang Yahudi. Mereka menempuh jalan melewati Banu Umayyah bin Zayd, kemudian melewati Quraizhah, tempat api di benteng-benteng mereka menyala tinggi. Lalu mereka menuju Bu’ath, hingga sampai di daerah al-Urayd. Al-Harith kehilangan banyak darah dan tertinggal jauh dari mereka, maka ia berseru kepada mereka: “Sampaikan salamku kepada Rasulullah ﷺ”. Maka mereka merasa iba kepadanya, lalu mengangkutnya hingga sampai kepada Nabi ﷺ.
When they finished killing him they cut off his head and took it with them. They went out hurrying for they were fearful of a Jewish ambush. They took the path over Banu Umayyah bin Zayd, then over Quraizhah, where the fires in their fortresses were high. Then on to Bu’ath, until they reached the district of al-Urayd. Al-Harith was bleeding a lot and was lagging behind from them so he called out to them saying: “Give my Salaam (greetings) to the Messenger of Allah”. So they felt compassionate towards him and then carried him until they reached the Prophet (peace be upon him). .
Ketika mereka sampai di Baqee' al-Gharqad, mereka bertakbir. Rasulullah ﷺ telah bangun sepanjang malam itu untuk shalat. Ketika beliau mendengar takbir (Allahu Akbar) diucapkan di al-Baqee', beliau pun bertakbir sebagai balasan, dan beliau mengetahui bahwa mereka telah membunuh Ka'b.
When they reached Baqee’ al-Gharqad they made Takbeer. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had stayed up that night in prayer. When he heard the Takbeer (Allahu Akbar) proclaimed at al- Baqee’ he made Takbeer in turn and knew that they had killed Ka’b. .
Mereka terus berjalan hingga menemukan Rasulullah ﷺ berdiri di depan pintu Masjid. Beliau berkata kepada mereka: "Semoga wajah kalian beruntung!" Mereka menjawab: "Dan wajahmu juga, wahai Rasulullah!" Mereka kemudian melemparkan kepala Ibnul Asyraf di hadapan beliau, dan beliau memuji Allah atas kematiannya. Mereka kemudian membawa sahabat mereka al-Harits ke hadapan Nabi ﷺ. Nabi ﷺ meludah pada lukanya dan rasa sakitnya pun hilang. 'Abbad bin Bisyr mengatakan tentang hal itu (dalam bentuk prosa puitis):
They continued on until they found the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) standing at the door of the Masjid. He said to them: “May your faces prosper!” They replied: “And your face too, O Messenger of Allah”. They threw Ibn al-Ashraf’s head before him, and he praised Allah for his death. They then brought their companion al-Harith before the Prophet. The Prophet spat in his wound and it no longer bothered him. ‘Abbad bin Bishr said about that (in poetic prose):
"Aku memanggilnya, tetapi dia tidak bergegas menyambut suaraku. Namun dia muncul dari atas benteng. Maka aku memanggil lagi, dan dia berkata: Siapa yang memanggil ini?"
“I called to him but he did not hasten to my voice But he appeared rising from above the castle So I called again, and he said: Who is this caller?
Saudaramu 'Abbad bin Bishr.
I replied: Your brother ‘Abbad bin Bishr.
Muhammad ﷺ kemudian berkata: Segeralah kepada kami.
Muhammad then said: Hurry to us.
Kami datang untuk meminta rasa syukur dan keramahtamahan Anda serta dukungan Anda kepada kami. Sesungguhnya, kami datang dalam keadaan lapar, hanya membawa setengah muatan gandum dan kurma, dan senjata-senjata kami ini sebagai jaminan, ambillah ia, untuk jangka waktu satu bulan penuh atau setengah bulan.
We have come for your gratitude and hospitality And your support for us. Surely, we have come in hunger With a half load of grain and dates and these our weapons as security/pledge, take them For a full month or a half.
Dia berkata pada dirinya sendiri, sebuah kaum yang lapar dan membutuhkan. Sungguh mereka kekurangan harta, namun tanpa kemiskinan.
He said to himself, a people who are hungry and in need Surely they lack wealth but are without poverty.
Ia mendatangi kami dengan turun cepat, lalu berkata: "Kalian datang untuk suatu urusan." Namun di tangan kanan kami ada pedang-pedang putih yang terlatih menebas orang kafir.
He approached us coming down swiftly And he said you have come for a matter But in our right hands are white swords Practiced in the slitting of the unbeliever.
Ibn Maslamah, orang yang memukulnya, memeluknya seperti seekor singa dan mendekapnya erat-erat.
Ibn Maslamah the one who struck embraced him Like a lion and smothered him.
Dengan kekuatan dari pedangnya yang tersarung di tubuhnya, Abu Abs bin Jabr menusuknya.
Strengthened by his sheathed sword upon him Abu Abs Ibn Jabr pierced him.
Saya datang bersama kedua sahabat saya, dan ketika kami membunuh si keji itu, dia seperti hewan yang disembelih.
I arrived with my two companions and when We killed the filth he was like a slaughtered animal.
Sekelompok orang mulia memenggal kepalanya.
A noble group took off his head.
Mereka terkenal karena kesetiaan dan ketakwaan. Dan Allah adalah yang keenam di antara kami, lalu kami kembali dengan karunia terbaik dan kemenangan yang besar".
They were renowned for fidelity and piety And Allah was the sixth among us, and we Returned with the best blessings and great victory”.
Ibnu Abi Habibah berkomentar (berkenaan dengan syair ini): "Aku melihat orang yang mengucapkan syair ini." Ibnu Abi l-Zinad berkata: "Seandainya bukan karena ucapan Ibnu Abi Habibah ini, aku tidak akan menganggapnya sahih (otentik)."
Ibn Abi Habibah commented (in respect to this poetry): “I saw the one who said this poetry”. Ibn Abi l-Zinad said: “If it were not for this saying of Ibn Abi Habibah I would not have regarded to be confirmed (authentic)”.
Kemudian ketika Rasulullah ﷺ bangun setelah malam terbunuhnya Ka’b bin Al-Asyraf, beliau bersabda: “Siapa pun di antara kalian yang mampu mengalahkan para pemimpin dari kalangan Yahudi, bunuhlah dia.” Orang-orang Yahudi pun dilanda ketakutan. Tidak ada seorang pun dari pemimpin mereka yang berani keluar. Mereka tidak berbicara, karena takut akan dicari di rumah-rumah mereka pada malam hari sebagaimana Ibnu al-Asyraf telah dicari.
Then when the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) awoke following the night of the killing of Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf he said, “Whoever from among you can get the better of men (leaders) from among the Jews, kill him”. The Jews became fearful. Not one of their leaders ventured out. They did not speak for they feared they would be sought out in their homes at night just as Ibn al-Ashraf had been.
Ibnu Sunaynah berasal dari kalangan Yahudi Bani Harithah dan merupakan sekutu Huwayyisah bin Mas'ud. Muhayyisah (saudaranya), yang telah memeluk Islam, menyerang Ibnu Sunaynah lalu membunuhnya. Huwayyisah, kakaknya yang lebih tua, kemudian mulai memukuli Muhayyisah sambil berkata: "Hai musuh Allah, apakah engkau yang membunuhnya? Demi Allah, banyak lemak yang ada di perutmu berasal dari hartanya."
Muhayyisah menjawab: "Demi Allah, jika orang yang memerintahkanku untuk membunuhnya memerintahkanku untuk membunuhmu, niscaya aku akan membunuhmu."
Huwayyisah lalu berkata: "Demi Allah, jika Muhammad ﷺ memerintahkanmu untuk membunuhku, apakah engkau benar-benar akan membunuhku?"
Muhayyisah menjawab: "Ya."
Huwayyisah kemudian berkata: "Demi Allah, sesungguhnya agama yang mencapai tingkat seperti ini adalah agama yang luar biasa." Maka Huwayyisah memeluk Islam pada hari itu juga.
Muhayyisah berkata (berkenaan dengan peristiwa ini): "Itu benar, dan aku tidak melihat seorang pun yang dipaksa untuk memeluknya," seraya bersyair:
Ibn Sunaynah was from the Jews of the Banu Harithah and an ally of Huwayyisah bin Mas’ud who Muhayyisah (his brother) who had embraced Islam attacked Ibn Sunaynah and killed him. Huwayyisah, his older brother, then began to beat Muhayyisah saying: “O enemy of Allah, did you kill him? By Allah, much of the fat that is in your belly has come from his wealth.” Muhayyisah replied: “By Allah, if he who commanded me to kill him, commanded me to kill you, I would kill you”. Huwayyisah then said: “By Allah, if Muhammad had commanded you to kill me you would have killed me?” Muhayyisah replied: “Yes”. Huwayyisah then said: “By Allah, indeed a religion which reaches this level is a wondrous religion” and Huwayyisah embraced Islam that day. Muhayyisah said (in respect to this): “It is true, and I did not see anyone force it upon him” saying:
"Anak laki-laki ibuku menyalahkanku. Jika aku diperintahkan untuk membunuhnya, aku akan menebas tengkuknya dengan pedang yang tajam,"
“My mother’s son blames me if I were ordered to kill him I would have smite his nape with a sharp sword,
Bilah putih seperti garam, hasil dari pengkilapan.
A blade white as salt, from polishing.
Goresan ke bawah saya tidak pernah meleset dari sasarannya.
My downward stroke never misses its mark.
Tidaklah menyenangkan bagiku untuk membunuhmu dengan sukarela (yakni tanpa perintah), dan sekalipun aku memiliki segala yang ada di antara Busra dan Ma'rib.
It would not please me to kill you voluntarily (i.e. without being commanded) And even if I owned all that lies between Busra and Ma’rib.
Orang-orang Yahudi dan kaum musyrik di antara mereka menjadi cemas dan ketakutan. Ketika pagi hari tiba, mereka datang kepada Nabi ﷺ dan berkata: "Kawan kami, yang merupakan salah satu bangsawan di antara kami, dipanggil pada malam hari lalu dibunuh, padahal sepengetahuan kami ia tidak melakukan kejahatan atau kesalahan apa pun." Rasulullah ﷺ menjawab: "Seandainya ia tetap seperti orang-orang lain yang berpendapat serupa, ia tidak akan dibunuh. Akan tetapi ia menyakiti kami dan menghina kami dengan syair, dan tidak seorang pun dari kalian yang melakukan hal seperti itu, kecuali ia akan dibunuh dengan pedang." Kemudian Rasulullah ﷺ mengajak mereka untuk menulis sebuah dokumen di antara mereka, yang akan menjadi rujukan dan mereka patuhi. Maka dokumen pun ditulis antara mereka dan beliau ﷺ di bawah pohon kurma di rumah Ramlah binti al-Harits. Orang-orang Yahudi menjadi berhati-hati, takut, dan merasa rendah sejak hari Ibnu al-Asyraf dibunuh. [Akhir riwayat].
The Jews and the polytheists among them were alarmed and fearful. When they awoke in the morning hey came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and said: “Our companion, who was one of our noblemen, was called upon at night and assassinated for no crime or incident committed by him that we were aware of”. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) answered: “If he had remained as others of similar opinion remained, he would not have been assassinated. But he caused harm to us and insulted us with poetry, and none from among you will do such a thing, except that he shall be put to the sword.” The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) then invited them to write a document between them establishing which they would refer to and abide by. A document was then written between them and him (peace be upon him) under the date palm at the house of Ramlah bint al-Harith. The Jews became cautious and were fearful and humbled from the day Ibn al-Ashraf was murdered” [End of narration]. .
Sebagian dari peristiwa tersebut dilaporkan dalam bagian lain dari kitab "Al-Maghaziy" karya Al-Waqidi (1/121):
Some of the incident was reported in another section of “Al- Maghaziy” of Al-Waqidiy (1/121): .
"Ketika orang-orang Quraisy kembali ke Makkah, Abu Sufyan bin Harb berdiri di hadapan mereka dan berkata: “Wahai orang-orang Quraisy, janganlah kalian menangisi orang-orang mati kalian, janganlah kalian meratapi mereka, dan janganlah ada penyair yang meratapi dan berduka atas mereka. Tunjukkanlah kekuatan dan kehormatan, sebab jika kalian meratap dan menangisi mereka dengan syair, kemarahan kalian ini akan reda, dan permusuhan terhadap Muhammad ﷺ dan para sahabatnya akan menjadi tumpul. Dan jika ratapan kalian sampai kepada Muhammad ﷺ dan para sahabatnya, mereka akan bersukacita atas musibah kalian. Musibah terbesar kalian itu justru akan menjadi kegembiraan mereka. Mudah-mudahan kalian dapat membalas dendam. Minyak dan wanita diharamkan bagiku sampai aku memerangi Muhammad ﷺ.” Maka orang-orang Quraisy pun berdiam diri selama satu bulan; tidak ada penyair yang membuat mereka menangis dan tidak ada peratap yang meratapi mereka."
“When the Quraish returned to Makkah, Abu Sufyan bin Harb stood before them and said: “O people of the Quraysh, do not weep for your dead, do not lament over them and no poet, should lament and mourn over them. Display strength and honour, for if you lament and weep over them with poetry, that anger of yours will depart, and the enmity against Muhammad and his companions will be blunted. And if your mourning reached Muhammad and his companions they would rejoice in your misfortune. The greatest of your afflictions would then be their joy. Perhaps you will achieve your revenge. Oil and women are forbidden to me until I have made war with Muhammad”. The Quraish then remained for a month and no poets made them weep and no mourner lamented over them. .
Ketika para tawanan tiba, Allah menghinakan orang-orang kafir, orang-orang munafik, dan orang-orang Yahudi. Tidak tersisa seorang Yahudi pun atau seorang munafik di Madinah kecuali ia menjadi jinak dan tunduk karena perang Badr. Abdullah bin Nabtal berkata pada saat itu: "Seandainya kita ikut keluar bersamanya dan memperoleh rampasan perang. Allah telah memisahkan mereka di waktu fajar dari keimanan karena kekafiran mereka." Orang-orang Yahudi di antara mereka berkata satu sama lain: "Inilah yang digambarkan dalam Kitab. Demi Allah, tidak akan dikibarkan bendera baginya setelah hari ini kecuali bendera itu akan menang." Ka'b bin al-Asyraf berkata: "Hari ini, isi perut bumi lebih baik daripada permukaan bumi. Mereka itu adalah para pemuka kaum, tuan-tuan mereka, raja-raja bangsa Arab, dan orang-orang Tanah Suci dan keamanan. Mereka telah terbunuh." Ia berangkat ke Makkah dan singgah di kediaman Abu Wada'ah bin Dubairah. Lalu ia mulai menyebarkan hinaan terhadap kaum Muslimin kepada ahli waris orang-orang Quraisy yang tewas di Badr. Ia melantunkan syair-syair ini sambil berkata:
When the prisoners arrived, Allah humbled the disbelievers, the hypocrites and the Jews. There did not remain a Jew or a hypocrite in Madinah except that he was tamed and put to check because of the battle of Badr. Abdullah bin Nabtal said at that time: “If only we had gone out with him and won spoils of war. Allah has separated in their dawn disbelief from faith”. The Jews among them said among each other: “This is what is described in the Scripture. By Allah, a flag will not be raised for him after this day except that it will be victorious”. Ka’b ibn al-Ashraf said: “Today, the bowels of the earth are better than the earth above. Those are the nobles of the people, their lords, the kings of the Arabs and the people of the holy sanctuary and security. They have been killed” He departed for Makkah and set down at the residence of Abu Wada’ah bin Dubairah. He then began to broadcast insults of the Muslims to the heirs of the dead of Badr from the Quraish. He sent out these verses saying:
"Gilingan Badr menggiling darah penduduknya. Pada peristiwa seperti Badr, engkau seharusnya menangis dan meratap."
“Badr’s mill ground out the blood of its people At events like Badr you should weep and cry.
Orang-orang terbaik di antara mereka terbunuh di sekitar kolam-kolamnya,
The best of the people were slain around its cisterns,
Jangan heran jika para raja itu terbunuh.
Don’t think it strange that the Kings are being killed.
Sebagian orang yang kemarahannya membuat saya terhina berkata bahwa Ka‘b bin al-Asyraf benar-benar ketakutan.
Some people whose anger humiliates me say Ka’b b. al-Ashraf is utterly afraid.
Mereka berkata benar. Duhai, sekiranya bumi terbelah ketika mereka dibunuh dan menelan penduduknya.
They speak the truth. O that the earth when they were killed Had split asunder and engulfed its people.
Aku diberi tahu bahwa Harith bin Hisham sedang baik-baik saja dan mengumpulkan pasukan untuk mendatangi Yathrib dengan tentara, karena hanya lelaki mulia dan tampan itu yang menjaga reputasi kuno.
I was told that Harith bin Hisham Is doing well and gathering troops To visit Yathrib with armies For only that noble handsome man protects the ancient reputation”. .
Al-Waqidiy berkata: Abdullah bin Ja’far, Muhammad bin Salih, dan Ibn Abi Zinad mendiktekannya kepadaku. Mereka berkata: “Rasulullah ﷺ memanggil Hassan bin Thabit al-Ansari dan memberitahunya tentang keberadaan Ka’b di rumah Abu Wada’ah. Lalu ia mulai mencela (dalam syair) orang-orang yang tinggal bersamanya, hingga Ka’b dikembalikan ke Al-Madinah. Ketika ia menyebarkan bait-bait syair ini, orang-orang mengambilnya darinya dan menyebarluaskan ratapan itu. Ia meminta orang-orang muda dan budak yang ditemuinya untuk melantunkan bait-bait ini di Makkah. Kaum Quraisy meratapi orang-orang mati mereka dengan syair tersebut, sehingga tidak tersisa satu rumah pun di Makkah kecuali di dalamnya ada ratapan. Para wanita memotong rambut mereka, dan unta atau kuda milik salah seorang laki-laki dibawa, lalu mereka meratap di sekelilingnya. Para wanita keluar ke jalan-jalan dan memasang tirai di gang-gang dan jalan-jalan untuk menyediakan area bagi ratapan dan tangisan, dan mereka mempercayai mimpi ‘Aatikah dan Juhaym bin al-Salt.”
Al-Waqidiy said: Abdullah bin Ja’far, Muhammad bin Salih and Ibn Abi Zinad dictated it to me. They said: “The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) called for Hassan bin Thabit al-Ansari and informed him of Ka’b’s stay in the home of Abu Wada’ah. He then began to disparage (in poetry) those who stayed with him until Ka’b was made to return to Al-Madinah. When he sent out these verses of poetry the people took them from him and publicized the lamenting. He made those whom he met among the youth and slaves recite these verses in Makkah. The Quraysh mourned over their dead with that poetry until there did not remain a house in Makkah except that there was mourning in it. The women cut their hair, and the camel or horse of one of the men would be brought and they would lament around it. The women went out to the streets and put curtains in the alleys and the roads to set aside areas for mourning and weeping and they believed in the vision (dream) of ‘Aatikah and Juhaym bin al-Salt”. .
Dalam “Al-Jaami’ As-Sahih Al-Mukhtasar”, Al-Imam Al-Bukhari menyediakan sebuah bab berjudul “Bab pembunuhan Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf”, di mana ia mencatat banyak hadits, baik secara lengkap maupun diringkas. Hadits-hadits tersebut diriwayatkan dari Jabir bin Abdullah, semoga Allah meridhainya, melalui jalur guru-gurunya: Ali bin Abdullah Al-Madeeniy, Qutaibah bin Sa’eed, dan Abdullah bin Muhammad, yang semuanya meriwayatkan dari Sufyan bin ‘Uyainah. Demikian pula, Al-Imam Al-Baihaqi, dengan sanad-sanad yang Sahih (otentik), meriwayatkan melalui Ibn Al-Madeeniy dan Ibn Abi ‘Umar, yang keduanya meriwayatkan dari Sufyan bin ‘Uyainah, dan apa yang ia catat lebih lengkap lafadznya daripada yang dicatat Al-Bukhari. Dan tidak ada dalam riwayat-riwayat ini yang menyebutkan penulisan Ash-Shahifah (dokumen Madinah).
In “Al-Jaami’ As-Sahih Al-Mukhtasar” Al-Imam Al-Bukhari allocated a chapter entitled the “The chapter of the killing of Ka’b bin Al- Ashraf”, in which he recorded numerous AHadith; in full length and summarized form. They were related from Jabir bin Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him, via the path of his Shuyookh; Ali bin Abdullah Al-Madeeniy, Qutaibah bin Sa’eed and Abdullah bin Muhammad, all of whom related from Sufyan bin ‘Uyainah. Similarly, Al-Imam Al-Baihaqi, with Sahih (authentic) chains, reported via Ibn Al-Madeeniy and Ibn Abi ‘Umar who both related from Sufyan bin ‘Uyainah, and what he recorded is more complete in wording than what Al-Bukhari recorded. And there is nothing in these reports which mentions the writing of the Sahifah (document of Al-Madinah). .
Hmm, the message contains only a citation reference, "The following came in the 'Sunan Al-Kubra' of Al-Baihaqi (2/229/18567):", with no text after it. Please paste the hadith or passage you want translated into Indonesian, and I will translate it.
The following came in the “Sunan Al-Kubra” of Al-Baihaqi (2/229/18567):
Muhammad ﷺ kemudian kembali kepada para sahabatnya. Lalu ia berangkat, dan Abu Naa'ilah, yang merupakan saudara sepersusuan Ka'b, ikut berangkat bersamanya. Dua orang lain juga menyertainya. Ia berkata (kepada mereka): "Aku akan berusaha meraih kepalanya. Maka, ketika aku telah memasukkan tanganku ke dalam rambutnya (dan memegangnya), hadapilah dia."
Muhammad then returned to his companions. He then set off and Abu Naa’ilah, who was the foster brother of Ka’b, set off with him. Two other men also accompanied him. He said (to them): “I will attempt to grab hold of his head. So, when I have inserted my hands into his hair (and grabbed hold), deal with him”. .
Mereka tiba di tempat tinggalnya pada malam hari, dan ia memerintahkan para sahabatnya untuk berdiri di bawah naungan pohon kurma. Muhammad ﷺ kemudian mendekat dan memanggil: “Wahai putra Al-Asyraf!”. Istrinya berkata: “Hendak pergi ke mana engkau pada jam (malam) seperti ini?” Ia menjawab: “Itu hanyalah Muhammad bin Maslamah dan saudaraku Abu Na’ilah”. Ia kemudian turun dengan hanya mengenakan satu helai pakaian, sementara aroma harum tercium dari tubuhnya. Muhammad ﷺ berkata kepadanya: “Alangkah bagusnya posturmu dan alangkah harumnya aromamu!”. Ia menjawab: “Aku memiliki (sebagai istri baruku) putri dari fulan, dan dia yang paling harum di antara seluruh bangsa Arab”. Ia (Ibnu Maslamah) bertanya: “Apakah engkau mengizinkanku untuk mencium aromanya?” Ia menjawab: “Ya”. Muhammad ﷺ kemudian memasukkan tangannya ke dalam rambut kepalanya dan berkata: “Apakah engkau juga mengizinkanku agar para sahabatku ikut mencium aromanya?” Ia menjawab: “Ya”. Maka ia memasukkan tangannya ke kepala orang itu dan membiarkan para sahabatnya mencium aroma tersebut. Kemudian ia meletakkan tangannya kembali di kepalanya hingga ia (Ka’b) merasa aman dan tenteram. Lalu ia memegang rambutnya dan menjambak jambulnya. Ia kemudian berkata kepada para sahabatnya: “Habisi musuh Allah!”. Mereka pun menyerangnya dan membunuhnya. Setelah itu, mereka pergi menemui Rasulullah ﷺ dan memberitahukan apa yang telah terjadi.” [Akhir kutipan]. [Al-Baihaqi berkata: “Al-Bukhari meriwayatkan ini dalam Shahih-nya dari ‘Ali bin Abdullah, dan Muslim meriwayatkannya dari Abdullah bin Muhammad, dan keduanya meriwayatkan dari Sufyan bin ‘Uyainah”].
They reached his residence at night and he (Muhammad) commanded his companions to stand in the shade of the date palms. Muhammad then approached and called out: “O son of Al-Ashraf!”. His wife the said: “Where are you leaving to at this hour (of the night)?” He replied: “It is only Muhammad bin Maslamah and my brother Abu Na’ilah”. He then descended covered in a single garment whilst a pleasant fragrance was coming from him. Muhammad said to him: “How splendid is your physique and how pleasant is your fragrance!”. He replied: “I have (as my new wife) the daughter of so and so person and she is the most pleasant in fragrance of all Arabs”. He (Ibn Maslamah) asked: “Do you permit me to smell it?” He replied: “Yes”. Muhammad then inserted his hand in the hair of his head and said: “Would you also permit me to let my companions smell it?” He replied: “Yes”. So, he inserted his hands in his head and let his companions smell. He then placed them once again in his head until he (Ka’b) felt secure and safe. He then entwined his hand in his hair and grabbed hold of his forelock. He then said to his companions: “Deal with the enemy of Allah!”. They then attacked him and killed him. Following that, they went to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and informed him of what had taken place” [End of Quote]. [Al-Baihaqi said: “Al-Bukhari related this is his Sahih from ‘Ali bin Abdullah and Muslim related it from Abdullah bin Muhammad, and both related it from Sufyan bin Uyainah”]. .
Berikut ini adalah sebagian hadits yang diriwayatkan oleh Al-Bukhari, Muslim, dan ulama lain dari kalangan penulis Sunan, Masaanid (bentuk jamak dari Musnad), dan Ma'aajim (bentuk jamak dari Mu'jam).
The following are some of the Ahadith recorded by Al-Bukhari, Muslim and others from the people of the Sunan, Masaanid (pl. of Musnad) and Ma’aajim (pl. of Mu’jam):
Hadis berikut diriwayatkan dalam Sahih Al-Bukhari (5/90/4037):
The followed was reported in Sahih Al-Bukhari (5/90/4037):
Dia datang menemui Ka’b pada malam hari bersama Abu Na’ilah, yang merupakan saudara sesusuan Ka’b. Ka’b mengajak mereka masuk ke benteng miliknya, lalu ia turun menemui mereka. Istrinya bertanya kepadanya: “Hendak ke mana engkau pada jam seperti ini?” Ia menjawab: “Itu hanya Muhammad bin Maslamah dan saudaraku sesusuan Abu Na’ilah.” Istrinya berkata: “Aku mendengar suara seakan-akan darah menetes darinya.” Ia menjawab: “Mereka hanyalah saudaraku Muhammad bin Maslamah dan saudara sesusuanku Abu Na’ilah. Seorang laki-laki yang terhormat harus memenuhi panggilan di malam hari, meskipun ia diajak untuk ditikam dengan mata pedang.”
He came to Ka’b at night accompanied by Abu Na’ilah who was Ka’b's foster brother. He (Ka’b) invited them to come into his fort and then went down to them. His wife asked him: “Where are you going at this hour?” He replied: “It is only Muhammad bin Maslamah and my (foster) brother Abu Na’ilah”. His wife said: “I hear a voice as if blood is dripping from it”. He replied: “They are only my brother Muhammad bin Maslamah and my foster brother Abu Na’ilah. An honourable man should respond to a call at night even if he is being invited to be thrust with a blade”..
Muhammad bin Maslamah datang bersama dua orang. (Sebagian perawi menyebutkan bahwa kedua orang tersebut adalah Abu bin Jabr, Al Harith bin Aus, dan 'Abbad bin Bishr). Ia berkata kepada mereka: "Ketika Ka'b datang, aku akan berbicara tentang rambutnya dan mencium baunya. Ketika kalian melihat bahwa aku telah memegang kepalanya, dekatilah dia dan seranglah dia. Aku akan melakukannya sekali, lalu biarkan kalian mencium baunya."
Muhammad bin Maslamah came with two men. (Some narrators mention that the men were 'Abu bin Jabr. Al Harith bin Aus and `Abbad bin Bishr). He said to them: “When Ka’b comes, I will talk about his hair and smell it, and when you see that I have got hold of his head, approach him and strike him. I will do this once and then let you smell it”.
Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf datang menemui mereka dengan membungkus dirinya dengan pakaiannya dan beraroma wewangian. Muhammad bin Maslamah berkata: "Aku belum pernah mencium aroma yang lebih baik dari ini." Ka’b menjawab: "Aku memiliki wanita yang paling harum dan paling sempurna di antara semua orang Arab." Muhammad bin Maslamah bertanya kepada Ka`b: "Apakah engkau mengizinkan aku mencium kepalamu?" Ka’b berkata: "Ya." Muhammad mencium kepalanya dan juga membuat para sahabatnya ikut mencium kepala itu. Kemudian ia kembali meminta kepada Ka`b: "Apakah engkau mengizinkan aku (mencium kepalamu lagi)?" Ka`b berkata: "Ya." Lalu ketika Muhammad telah memegang erat dirinya, ia berkata (kepada para sahabatnya): "Serang dia!" Maka mereka pun membunuhnya lalu pergi menemui Nabi ﷺ dan memberitahukan hal itu kepadanya." [Akhir kutipan]
Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf came down to them wrapped in his clothes and smelling of a scented fragrance. Muhammad bin Maslamah remarked: "I have never smelt a better scent than this”. Ka’b replied: “I have got the best-perfumed woman and most perfect of all Arabs”. Muhammad bin Maslamah asked Ka`b: “Would you allow me to smell your head?” Ka’b said: “Yes”. Muhammad smelt it and made his companions smell it as well. Then he made the request to Ka’b again: “Would you let me (smell your head again)?” Ka`b said: “Yes”. Then when Muhammad got a strong hold of him, he said (to his companions): “Get at him!” So, they killed him and went to the Prophet (ﷺ) and informed him” [End of Quote]..
Al-Bukhari meriwayatkan kejadian ini dalam bentuk ringkas dan juga dalam bentuk lengkap di beberapa tempat dalam Sahih-nya: (2/888/2375), (3/1103/2867), (3/1103/2868) dan (4/1482/3811). Al-Hamidiy juga meriwayatkannya dalam Musnad-nya dengan sedikit peringkasan (2/527/1250). Demikian pula An-Nasaa’iy dalam Sunan Al-Kubra-nya secara lengkap (5/193/8641) dan Al-Baihaqi dalam Sunan Al-Kubra-nya (5/193/8641). Ia meringkasnya dan menambahkan: "Rasulullah ﷺ kemudian bersabda: 'Perang itu tipu daya'". Al-Hakim meriwayatkannya dalam "Al-Mustadrak"-nya (3/492/5840) dengan cara yang sangat singkat dan menambahkan kalimat: "Kemudian Nabi ﷺ bersabda ketika memandang mereka (yaitu kelompok yang membunuh Ka'b): 'Semoga wajah-wajah kalian beruntung'". Demikian pula banyak ulama lain yang meriwayatkan kejadian ini.
Al-Bukhari recorded this incident in summarized (short) form and also in full (long) form in a number of places in his Sahih: (2/888/2375), (3/1103/2867), (3/1103/2868) and (4/1482/3811). Al- Hamidiy also related it in his Musnad with some summarization (2/527/1250). As did An-Nasaa’iy in his Sunan Al-Kubra in full length (5/193/8641) and Al-Baihaqi in his Sunan Al-Kubra (5/193/8641). He summarized it and also added: “The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) then said: “War is deceit””. Al-Hakim recorded it in his “Al- Mustadrak” (3/492/5840) in an extremely abbreviated manner and added the sentence: “Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) said when he regarded them (i.e. the group who killed Ka’b): “May your faces be successful”. Just as many others related this incident..
Peristiwa ini juga diriwayatkan dalam Sahih Muslim (5/184/4765): "Az-Zuhriy meriwayatkan dari 'Uyainah dari 'Amr, bahwa ia mendengar Jabir berkata bahwa Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda:
The incident is also found related in Sahih Muslim (5/184/4765): “Az- Zuhriy related from ‘Uyainah from ‘Amr who heard Jabir saying that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:
Kemudian, mereka datang dan memanggilnya pada malam hari (di kediamannya). Ia turun menemui mereka. [Sufyan berkomentar bahwa semua perawi selain 'Amr menyatakan bahwa istrinya berkata: “Aku mendengar suara yang seperti suara yang menginginkan darah”. Ia kemudian menjawabnya: “Itu hanyalah Muhammad bin Maslamah dan Abu Na'ilah, saudara sesusuannya. Apabila seorang pemuda (yang kuat) dipanggil pada malam hari, meskipun untuk ditikam dengan pedang, ia hendaknya memenuhi panggilan itu”]. Muhammad berkata kepada para sahabatnya: “Ketika ia datang, aku akan mengulurkan tanganku ke arah kepalanya, dan ketika aku telah memegangnya erat, kalian hendaknya melakukan tugas kalian.” Maka ketika ia turun dengan tubuh tertutup kain secara longgar, mereka berkata kepadanya: “Kami mendapati engkau memiliki wewangian yang sangat harum.” Ia menjawab: “Ya, aku memiliki bersamaku seorang wanita yang paling harum di antara wanita-wanita Arab.” Ia (Muhammad) berkata: “Apakah engkau mengizinkanku mencium (wangi di kepalamu)?” Ia berkata: “Ya, silakan engkau mencium.” Lalu ia memegang rambutnya dan menciumnya. Kemudian ia berkata: “Apakah engkau mengizinkanku melakukannya sekali lagi?” Lalu ia memegang kepalanya erat-erat dan berkata kepada para sahabatnya: “Serbu dia.” Perawi berkata: “Dan mereka pun membunuhnya.” [Akhir kutipan].
Later, they came and called upon him during the night (at his residence). He came down to them. [Sufyan commented that all the narrators except 'Amr have stated that his wife said: “I hear a voice which sounds like the voice desiring blood”. He then replied to her saying: “It is only Muhammad bin Maslamah and Abu Na'ilah, his foster-brother. When a young (strong) man is called at night, even if it is to be thrust by a blade, he should respond to such a call”]. Muhammad said to his companions: “As he comes, I will extend my hands towards his head and when I hold him fast, you should do your job. So, when he came down covered loosely by a garment, they said to him: “We find that you have a very fine perfumed fragrance”. He replied: “Yes, I have with me a woman who is the most finely scented of the women of Arabia”. He (Muhammad) said: Would you allow me to smell (the scent on your head)”. He said: “Yes, you may smell”. Then he took the hair (in his hands) and smelt. Then he said: “Would you allow me to do so (once again)”. He then held his head fast and said to his companions: “Set upon him”. He (the relator) said: And then they killed him” [End of Quote].
Dalam Mustakhraj Abu ‘Awanah (8/102/5541) diriwayatkan dari Jabir, semoga Allah meridhainya, yang berkata:
In the Mustakhraj of Abu ‘Awanah (8/102/5541) the following was reported from Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:
When he (Bin Maslamah) later came to his (Ka’ab) residence, he called to him. He then came out and he had a perfumed fragrance. He went to sit with him (Bin Maslamah) who had a group of three or four accompanying him and the smell of the fragrance was coming from him. They then mentioned that perfumed fragrance to him and he (Ka’b) said: “I have a certain woman and she is the most finely perfumed women of all people”. He (Bin Maslamah) asked: “Would you permit me to smell it?” He replied: “Yes”. He then placed his hand in the hair of his head and smelled it. He then asked: “Can I have another smell?” He replied in the affirmative and then when he (Bin Maslamah) had grasped hold of his head he said: “Set upon him” and then they struck him until they had killed him. .
Yunus berkata: Ibnu Wahb meriwayatkan dari Ibnu ‘Uyainah, serupa dengan ini. Dan Musa bin Ishaq Al-Anshari menceritakan kepada kami bahwa ‘Abdah bin ‘Abdur Rahim berkata: Ibnu ‘Uyainah meriwayatkan dari ‘Amr yang berkata: Jabir bin ‘Abdullah, semoga Allah meridhainya, berkata: Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda: “Siapa yang akan menangani Ka‘b bin Al-Asyraf? Sesungguhnya ia telah menghina Allah dan Rasul-Nya …” Lalu ia menyebutkan hadits tersebut … Dan ia berkata (di akhir): Kemudian ia kembali kepada Nabi ﷺ dan memberitahukan kepada beliau apa yang telah terjadi.
[Yunus said: Ibn Wahb related from Ibn ‘Uyainah, similar to this. And Musa bin Ishaq Al-Ansari told us that Abdah bin Abdur Rahim said: Ibn ‘Uyainah related from ‘Amr who said: Jabir bin Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him, said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: “Who will deal with Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf? Verily, he has defamed Allah and His Messenger … he then mentioned the Hadith … And said (at the end): Then he returned to the Prophet, peace be upon him, and informed him of what had taken place”. [End of Quote]..
Diriwayatkan dalam Sunan Abu Dawud (3/42/2770): Jabir bin Abdullah, semoga Allah meridhainya, berkata:
The following was reported in the Sunan of Abu Dawud (3/42/2770): Jabir bin Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
Ketika ia (Bin Maslamah) kemudian datang ke kediaman Ka‘ab, ia memanggilnya. Lalu Ka‘ab keluar dengan kepala yang menebarkan aroma wangi. Ia pergi duduk bersama Bin Maslamah, yang ditemani tiga atau empat orang, dan bau wangi itu tercium dari dirinya. Mereka kemudian menyebutkan aroma wangi itu kepadanya, dan ia (Ka‘ab) berkata: “Aku punya seorang wanita, dan dia adalah wanita yang paling harum di antara semua orang.” Bin Maslamah bertanya: “Apakah engkau mengizinkanku untuk mencium aromanya?” Ia menjawab: “Ya.” Lalu Bin Maslamah meletakkan tangannya di rambut kepalanya dan menciumnya. Ia kemudian bertanya: “Bolehkah aku mencium sekali lagi?” Ia menjawab dengan membenarkan. Maka ia kembali memasukkan tangannya ke rambut kepalanya, dan ketika Bin Maslamah telah memegang kepalanya, ia berkata: “Serang dia!” Lalu mereka memukulnya hingga ia terbunuh.” [Akhir kutipan].
When he (Bin Maslamah) later came to his (Ka’ab) residence, he called to him. He then came out and he had a perfumed fragrance effusing from his head. He went to sit with him (Bin Maslamah) who had a group of three or four accompanying him and the smell of the fragrance was coming from him. They then mentioned that perfumed fragrance to him and he (Ka’b) said: “I have a certain woman and she is the most finely perfumed women of all people”. He (Bin Maslamah) asked: “Would you permit me to smell it?” He replied: “Yes”. He then placed his hand in the hair of his head and smelled it. He then asked: “Can I have another smell?” He replied in the affirmative. So he inserted his hand in the hair of his head and then when he (Bin Maslamah) had grasped hold of his head he said: “Set upon him” and then they struck him until they had killed him”. [End of Quote]..
Dalam *Al-Mustadrak 'ala as-Sahihain* karya Al-Hakim (3/492/5841) diriwayatkan sebuah hadis dari Abu 'Abs bin Jabr, semoga Allah meridhainya, yang termasuk salah seorang pahlawan dalam misi yang diberkahi itu:
In the Mustradak of the Sahihatain of Al-Haakim (3/492/5841) there is reported a narration from Abu ‘Abs bin Jabr, may Allah be pleased with him, who was one of the heroes of that blessed mission:
Saudaramu 'Abbad bin Bishr.
I said: Your brother ‘Abbad bin Bishr.
Ini adalah senjata kami sebagai jaminan keamanan, maka ambillah.
This is our weaponry as a pledge of security so take it.
Yang akan terpenuhi dalam dua bulan atau setengah bulan.
Which will be fulfilled in two months or half a month.
Dia berkata: Sekumpulan orang yang telah putus asa dan kelaparan. Mereka datang dalam keadaan kekurangan harta tanpa benar-benar miskin.
He said: A gathering of those who have become frustrated and hungry. They have come to lack affluence without impoverishment.
Lalu dia datang menghampiri kami dengan bergerak cepat.
So he came towards us moving quickly.
Dan berkata kepada kami: Kalian telah datang untuk suatu urusan.
And said to us: You have come for a matter.
Dan di tangan kami ada besi.
And in our hands was iron.
Teruji dan terbukti, pemberian merek dan pemotongan.
Tried and tested, branding and chopping.
Maka aku mengatakan kepada para sahabatku apa yang ada dalam pikiranku.
So I said to my companions what was in my mind.
Serang dia dengan pedang seperti penyembelihan seekor unta. Dan bin Salamah Al-Muradiy memeluknya dengan erat.
Attack him with the blades like the slaughtering of a camel. And bin Salamah Al-Muradiy grabbed hold of him in an embrace.
Dia berteriak menentangnya seperti singa yang garang.
He screamed out against him like a fierce lion.
Dan dia menghunus pedangnya yang masih tersarung ke arah dia.
And he drew his sheathed sword against him.
Kemudian Abu ‘Abs bin Jabr menebasnya hingga tewas.
Then Abu ‘Abs bin Jabr fatally struck him.
Dan Allah adalah yang keenam bersama kami, Pelindung dan Penjaga kami.
And Allah was the sixth with us our Protector and guardian.
Memberi kami nikmat yang paling agung dan kemenangan yang paling mulia. Kemudian datanglah sekelompok orang yang mulia dengan membawa kepalanya.
Bestowing upon us the most gracious favour and most honorable victory. Then a noble group came with his head.
Sekelompok orang yang benar dan lurus kembali kepada mereka. [Akhir kutipan].
A returning group of truthfulness and righteousness came to them. [End of Quote].
Peristiwa tersebut juga diriwayatkan dalam "Ma'rifat us-Sahabah" karya Abu Nu'aim (4/1812/4579): Abu 'Abs Bin Jabr berkata:
The incident was also related in “Ma’rifat us-Sahabah” of Abu Nu’aim (4/1812/4579): Abu ‘Abs Bin Jabr said:
Mereka yang tidak lolos dari penderitaan tanpa jatuh ke dalam kemiskinan.
Who have not escaped suffering without falling into impoverishment.
Maka datanglah kepada kami, mari kita berjalan dengan cepat.
So come towards us, let us walk quickly.
Dan dia berkata kepadamu: Aku datang kepadamu untuk menunaikan suatu urusan.
And he said to you: I have come to you to fulfil a matter.
Jadi kami pindah sebelum dia sempat bereaksi.
So we moved before he could react.
Pedang-pedang bergerak seolah hendak menyembelih seekor domba.
Swords moving as if to slaughter a sheep.
Berkobar di atasnya.
Blazing upon him.
Dan Abu 'Abs bin Jabr memukulnya hingga tewas.
And Abu ‘Abs bin Jabr fatally struck him.
Dan Allah adalah yang keenam di antara kami dan pelindung kami.
And Allah was the sixth of us and our protector/guardian.
Memberi kami karunia yang paling mulia dan kemenangan yang paling terhormat. Kemudian rombongan yang mulia itu kembali.
Bestowing upon us the most gracious favour and most honourable victory Then the noble party returned.
"Mereka yang memiliki keteguhan hati dan kebenaran". [Akhir kutipan].
Those who are characterised by resolve and righteousness”. [End of Quote].
Terdapat riwayat-riwayat tambahan yang menunjukkan adanya dokumen atau perjanjian damai (Muhalafah) yang mungkin merujuk pada Sahifah (dokumen konstitusional) ini:
There are additional reports which indicate to a document or agreement of peace (Muhalafah) which may be referring to this Sahifah (constitutional document):
Imam Muslim dalam Sahih-nya (2/1146/1507) meriwayatkan bahwa Jabir bin Abdullah berkata:
Imam Muslim in his Sahih (2/1146/1507) related that Jabir bin Abdullah said: