哈里发是军队的最高统帅，由他任命参谋长，并为每个旅任命一名埃米尔，为每个师任命一名指挥官。至于军队中的其他职位，则由各旅的指挥官任命。任命某人担任参谋职务，必须依据其军事素养，并由参谋长任命。

The Khaleefah is the leader of the army and he is the one who appoints the Chief of Staff and an Ameer to every brigade, and a commander to every division. With regards to the other posts in the army the commanders of the brigades appoint them. Appointing a person to the staff has to be according to his military culture and the Chief of Staff appoints him.

因此，哈里发是全体穆斯林在世界范围内的总领导。它负责确立沙里亚的律例，并向世界传达伊斯兰的信息。传达信息于世界的方式就是圣战（吉哈德）。因此，哈里发应当负责圣战，因为哈里发的契约只由他一人承担。

This is because the Khilafah is the general leadership for all the Muslims in the world. It is responsible for establishing the Shar’a rules and for conveying the Message to the world. The way of conveying the Message to the world is Jihad. Therefore the Khaleefah should take charge of the Jihad because the Khilafah contract has been convened upon him alone,

除了他之外，任何其他人都不允许执行此事。

so it is not allowed for any other person to carry it out other than him.

因此,哈里发亲自承担圣战的责任。除他之外,任何人都不得承担此责任,尽管每个穆斯林都参与圣战。因此,参与圣战是一回事,承担其责任又是另一回事。圣战是每个穆斯林的义务,但承担其责任则只属于哈里发。关于哈里发可以委派他人代其履行职责,这是允许的,但须在他本人的监督和督导之下进行,此人不得独立行事,而应处于哈里发的监督和督导之下。这种授权不同于哈里发助手的工作。在此语境中,向哈里发汇报意味着代其进行圣战的人应当处于他的监督之下。在这一限制条件下,即处于哈里发的监督和督导之下,军队的指挥权可以授予他所选定的任何人。然而,若在没有他监督和督导的情况下掌管军队,使哈里发仅仅成为一个虚位元首,则是不允许的。这是因为哈里发的契约已落在他身上,所以他必须承担圣战事务的责任。因此,非伊斯兰制度中通常所说的国家元首是军队最高统帅的说法,

Thus the Khaleefah takes responsibility for Jihad himself. It is not allowed for anyone other than him to undertake it, although every Muslim carries out Jihad. Hence carrying out Jihad is one matter and holding of its responsibility is another. Jihad is a duty upon every Muslim, but holding of its responsibility is only for the Khaleefah. Regarding the fact that the Khaleefah may appoint another person on his behalf to carry out his duty, this is allowed under his own observation and supervision and it is not allowed for this person to be independent, rather under the Khaleefah’s observation and supervision. This type of delegation is not the same as the work of an assistant to the Khaleefah. Reporting to the Khaleefah in this context means that the one who carries out Jihad on his behalf should be under his supervision. Leadership of the army with this restriction i.e. under the Khaleefah’s observation and supervision, is allowed to be given to whomever he wishes. However, to take charge of the army without his observation and supervision, leaving the Khaleefah only as a figurehead, is not allowed. This is because the Khilafah contract has been convened upon him, so he has to take the responsibility for the matters of Jihad. Therefore, what is usually said in the non-Islamic systems that the Head of State is the supreme leader of the army,

也就是说，他只是名义上的领导者，而另一位领导者独立指挥军队，这在伊斯兰看来是无效的。这一问题与沙里亚相悖。然而，对于行政和技术事务等其他类型的领导事务，哈里发可以委派他人代表自己独立处理，正如他任命总督一样，这些总督不一定需要受其监督或观察。先知ﷺ也曾亲自统率军队，亲自指挥战役，并且他还任命了出征作战的各支军队的指挥官，即远征军。每一次远征，他都会任命一名指挥官；在某些情况下，他还会预先采取防范措施，指定在指挥官阵亡时由谁接替，正如穆塔远征中所发生的那样。

meaning he is a formal leader only, while another leader runs the army independently, this is considered invalid in the view of Islam. It is a matter which does not agree with the Shar’a. However, for other types of leadership issues like the administrative and technical matters, the Khaleefah is allowed to appoint someone on his behalf to carry them out independently as he appoints the Governors who do not necessarily have to be under his supervision or observation. The Messenger (pbuh) also used to undertake the leadership of the army himself, undertake the leadership of the battles and he also appointed leaders of the divisions of the army which went out for fighting without him, namely the expeditions. For every expedition he used to appoint a commander and in some cases he used to take the precaution of naming who should succeed the commander in case he was killed as happened in the expedition of Mu’ta.

Al-Bukhari narrated on the authority of ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar, who said: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ appointed Zaid bin Harith as an Ameer in the battle of Mu’ta. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ‘If Zaid is killed, then it will be Ja’afar (as the Ameer), and if Ja’afar is killed, then it will be ‘Abdullah bin Rawaha (as the Ameer).’” So the Khaleefah is the one who appoints the leaders of the armies, its commanders, and ties for them the flags, and appoints the leaders of the divisions. The army that was sent to Syria, like the Army of Mu’ta and the Army of Usama, was one brigade, because the evidence for this is that the Prophet ﷺ had tied the flag to Usama. The expeditions that fought in the Arabian Peninsula and returned to Madinah, such as the expedition of Sa’d bin Waqqas that he (raw) sent towards Makkah, were all in the form of divisions. This indicates that the Ameers of the brigades and the commanders of the divisions are appointed by the Khaleefah.

Al-Bukhari narrated on the authority of ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar who said; “The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) appointed Zaid bin Harith as an A meer in the battle of Mu’ta. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said; ‘If Zaid is killed, then it will be Ja’afar (as the A meer) and if Ja’afar is killed then it will be ‘Abdullah bin Rawaha (as the A meer).”’ So the Khaleefah is the one who appoints the leaders of the armies, its commanders, and ties for them the flags and appoints the leaders of the divisions. The army that was sent to Syria like the Army of Mu’ta and the army of Usama was one brigade because the evidence for this is that the Prophet (pbuh) had tied the flag to Usama. The expeditions that fought in the Arabian Peninsula and returned back to Madinah, such as the expedition of Sa’d bin Waqqas that he (raw) sent towards Makkah, were all in the form of divisions. This indicates that the Ameers of the brigades and the commanders of the divisions are appointed by the Khaleefah.

这一点可以从先知（愿主赐福他并使他平安）在远征中与各队长和指挥官保持密切联系得到说明，他通过各队长和连长了解军队的情况，即士兵的状况。据记载，先知（愿主赐福他并使他平安）从未任命过除军队首领和远征指挥官之外的其他人员。

This was indicated by the fact that the Prophet (pbuh) used to remain in close contact with the sergeants and commanders in his expeditions and he used to know the conditions of the army i.e. the soldiers through their sergeants and captains. The Prophet (pbuh) was not proved to have appointed other than leaders of the armies and the commanders of the expeditions.

这表明他们在圣战（Ghazawat）中的任命是交由其领导者决定的。至于负责技术事务的参谋长，他与军队统帅一样，由哈里发任命，他可以获得独立性，无需哈里发直接监督即可履行其职责，但他仍须服从哈里发的指挥。

This indicates that their appointment in the Ghazawat was left to their leaders. As regards the Chief of Staff who is responsible for the technical matters, he is like the army leader in terms of being appointed by the Khaleefah and he can be made independent and carry out his duties without being directly supervised by the Khaleefah, although he has to be under his command.