第9章 军队
9 The Army
安拉(SWT)使穆斯林蒙受尊荣,让他们成为向全世界传播伊斯兰讯息的承载者,并为他们确定了传达讯息的方式,即宣教(Da'wa)与圣战(Jihad)。安拉使圣战成为他们的义务,因此军事训练也是一项义务。
Allah (swt) has honoured the Muslims by making them the conveyors of the Message of Islam to the whole world and He (pbuh) has determined for them the method of carrying its Message by means of D’awa and Jihad. He made Jihad compulsory upon them and thus military training is an obligation.
因此,每一位年满十五岁的穆斯林男子都应开始接受军事训练,以备圣战。至于兵役征召,这实际上是一项集体义务。
Therefore, every male Muslim, who reaches the age of fifteen, should begin military training in readiness for Jihad. As for the military conscription, this is in fact a collective duty.
证据可见于安拉(SWT)的话语:“你们要与他们战斗,直到不再有迫害,宗教全都归安拉。” [TMQ 8:39]
Evidence of this is reflected in Allah’s (swt) saying; “And fight them on until there is no persecution and Deen (submission in its entirety) becomes to Allah” [TMQ 8:39]
和先知的圣训(愿主赐福他并使他平安ﷺ)说:"你们要用财产、双手和舌头对多神教徒进行圣战。"(艾布·达伍德根据艾奈斯的转述而收录)。为了按照伊斯兰教法所规定的方式进行战斗,以击败敌人、征服土地为目标,就需要军事训练。因此,军事训练与圣战一样是必须履行的义务,依据教法原则:"完成义务所必需之事,本身也是义务。"号召作战属于经文"你们要与他们战斗"这一普遍命令的范畴。真主(至高无上)说:"你们要与他们战斗。"
and the Hadith of the Prophet of Allah (pbuh); “Do perform Jihad against the Mushrikeen with your wealth, hands and tongues.” [Narrated by Abu Dawood on the authority of Anas] In order to be carried out according to the way determined by Shari’ah, fighting with the aim of beating the enemy and conquering the land, necessitates military training. Therefore military training is compulsory like Jihad, in accordance with the Shar’ai principle that states; “That which is necessary to accomplish a duty is itself a duty”. The soliciting of fighting falls within the order “and fight them” which came in general form. When Allah (swt) says; “And fight them”.
这是一项命令去作战,也是一项命令去做一切使作战成为可能的事务。此外,安拉(SWT)说:“你们应当为敌人准备你们所能准备的一切力量。” [TMQ 8:60]
This is an order to fight and an order to perform any task that makes the fighting possible. Besides this, Allah (swt) says, “Make ready for them all that (of armed force) you can.” [TMQ 8:60]
训练和高水平的军事专业能力是战斗力准备的组成部分,因为它们必须随时可用,战斗才有可能进行。因此,训练属于必须获得的力量的一部分,军事装备和军事任务等同样如此。至于军事征召,它要求将人员指定为常备武装力量的成员,即让圣战者有效地履行圣战,以及圣战所要求的一切职责;这是必须履行的义务。这是因为圣战的履行是一项持续的责任,无论敌人是否对我们发动了攻击,因此军事征召是属于圣战律例之内的一项义务。
Training and high military expertise form part of the preparation of fighting power, for they have to be readily available in order to make the fighting possible. Thus training forms part of the force that must be obtained such as military hardware and military missions etc. As for the military conscription, this necessitates the assignment of people to permanently be part of the armed forces, i.e. to have Mujahideen performing effective Jihad and whatever the duty of Jihad entails; this is compulsory. This is because the performance of Jihad is a continuous duty whether the enemy attacked us or not, which is why military conscription is a duty that is included in the Hukm of Jihad.