5.1 政党的建立
5.1 The establishment of Political Parties
“真的,在安拉的使者(愿主福安之)身上,你们有最优美的榜样。” Note: per the rules, the Prophet's honorific should be ﷺ rather than "(saw)". Corrected version: “真的,在安拉的使者ﷺ身上,你们有最优美的榜样。”
“Verily in the Messenger of Allah (saw) you have the finest example”
政党的建立
The establishment of Political Parties
安拉(SWT)在《古兰经》中说:
Allah (swt) states in the Qur’an,
你们之中应当有一群人号召行善(伊斯兰),劝人行善,禁人作恶,他们就是成功者。(《古兰经》阿尔·伊姆兰章,第104节)
“Let there arise from amongst you a group that calls to the Khayr (Islam), Enjoins that which is Ma’roof (right) and forbids that which is Munkar (wrong), and they are the ones who have attained Success”. (TMQ al-e-Imran, verse 104)
安拉(SWT)呼吁,从你们当中(minkum)产生另一个群体,即从伟大的乌玛(Ummah)中分出的一支人群,像乌玛一样,但属于乌玛之内。这里的 minkum 是部分性的表达(Tab'eed),表明它指的是乌玛中的一部分或一个板块。经文also指出了这一群体的特征:他们与乌玛一样受到约束,但他们的使命是禁止恶行(Munkar)、命令善行(Ma'roof),并号召行善(Khayr),也就是伊斯兰教的全部内容。
Allah (swt) calls for there to arise from amongst the Ummah (minkum) another Ummah i.e. another band of people like the Ummah but within the Ummah as it is a partative expression (Tabaeed) which indicates a block or section of the Ummah. It identifies the qualities of this block as being bound like the Ummah is bound but upon the forbidding of the Munkar and the enjoining of Ma’roof and the calling to the Khayr i.e. the whole of Islam.
同样,任何一个Jama'ah(团体)都需要一位Amir(领导者),正如先知(saw)在一段圣训中所说:"若你们之中有三人身处世界上任何地方,就应当推举其中一人为Amir。" 因此,这个团体需要有一套组织结构,才能真正存在;同时也需要对Ma'roof(善)与Munkar(恶)有所理解。
Similarly any Jama’ah (group) would require an Amir as the Prophet (saw) stated in one Hadith, “If there are three of you in any part of the world appoint one of you an Amir”. Hence, this group would need to have a structure so that it can actually exist, as well as an understanding of Ma’roof and Munkar.
然而,倡导善行、禁止恶行的落实与维持,实际上只能通过国家来进行,别无他法。伊玛目古尔泰卜在其《古兰经教义总汇》(Tafseer)中指出,只有苏丹有能力通过设立刑罚(Hudood)并借助权威的框架来执行善行、消除恶行(伊玛目古尔泰卜《古兰经教法总汇》第4卷第47页)。这是因为安拉(SWT)说:
However, the establishment and maintenance of the Ma’roof and the Munkar can only be practically carried out through the State and it is impossible to do otherwise. Imam Qurtubi in his Tafseer has pointed out that only the Sultan has the ability of executing the Ma’roof and removing the Munkar by establishing the Hudood and through the framework of authority (Imam Qurtubi Jami’u Ahkam ul Qur’an vol. 4 page 47). This is because Allah (swt) states,
“那些人,倘若我们使他们在大地上掌权,他们就会谨守拜功,完纳天课,劝人行善,禁人作恶;万事的归宿,只属真主。”(古兰经 朝觐章 第41节)
“Those who when we establish them (in authority) in the earth they establish the Salah, collect the Zakah, enjoin all that is Ma’roof and forbid all that is Munkar, and to Allah belongs the return of all matters”. (TMQ al-Hajj, verse 41)
因此,该政党的工作主要在于确保社会中确立“善行”(Ma'roof)并消除“恶行”(Munkar),也就是说,这类政党的工作具有政治性质,即督促国家履行其职责,并通过宣教(Da'awah)和圣战(Jihad)将伊斯兰的呼召传播到世界其他地方。然而,今天的情况是,由于伊斯兰的缺席,几乎所有的善行都已被废除,而几乎所有的恶行之所以存在,是因为缺少一个实施伊斯兰的国家。
Hence the work of this party is primarily concerned with ensuring that the Ma’roof are established in the society and the Munkar removed i.e. the work of such a Party is political and is of accounting the State to monitor that it is fulfilling it’s duties and carrying the call to Islam to the rest of the world through Da’awah and Jihad. Today’s situation is, however, that almost all the Ma’roof have been removed due to the absence of Islam and almost all the Munkar exist due to the absence of the state that implements Islam.
我们将乌玛(穆斯林共同体)的根本大事界定为:统一其土地,并通过重建哈里发制度,使其土地由伊斯兰统治。
We have defined the vital issue of the Ummah as the re-unification of her lands and the ruling of her lands by Islam through the restoration of the Khilafah.
真正的根源性“Munkar”(恶行)——消除它之后,所有的Munkar都会随之消失——就是消除Kufr(kufr,不信)及其制度体系;而“Ma'roof”(善行)——它将带回所有缺失的Ma'roof——就是整个伊斯兰Deen(dīn,宗教/生活方式)即哈里发(Khilafah)制度,它将在生活的各个领域重新确立伊斯兰,并将伊斯兰的Da'awah(da'wah,宣教)传播到世界其他地方。
The root Munkar by which all the Munkar will be removed is the removal of Kufr and the Kufr systems, and the Mar’oof which will bring back every Ma’roof absent and the whole Deen of Islam is the Khilafah which would re-establish Islam in all walks of life and carry the Da’awah of Islam to the rest of the world.
因此,政党的工作是重新建立这一哈里发国,并将伊斯兰的宣教(Da'awah)传播到世界其他地区。它需要采取一切必要步骤以恢复哈里发国。例如,它必须熟悉伊斯兰所确立的统治、经济、社会和教育制度与政策的细节,因为没有这些,它将无力恢复哈里发国。它还必须在理解上形成统一的结构,否则它将永远无法作为一个政党集体运作。
Hence the work of the political party is to re-establish this Khilafah and carry the Da’awah of Islam to the rest of the world. It would need to take all the necessary steps in order to resume the Khilafah. So, for example, it must be acquainted with the details of the ruling, economic, social and educational systems and policies that Islam has laid down for without them it would be incapable of resuming the Khilafah. It would also have to be unified in understanding as a structure, otherwise it would never be able to work collectively as a Party.
这一原则基于伊斯兰教法的一条法则:"为达成一项义务所必需之事,其本身亦是义务。"于是问题随之而来:这个政党的方法论是什么,它将如何努力重建哈里发制度?
This is based upon the Qaa’idah (principle) in Shari’ah ‘That which is necessary to achieve an obligation is in itself an obligation’. The question now arises as to the methodology of this political party and how it would be able to work to re-establish the Khilafah.