伊斯兰国将如何崛起
48 How the Islamic State Would Rise
伊斯兰思想的力量及其方法论,足以建立伊斯兰国家,并恢复伊斯兰的生活方式,前提是这一思想深深扎根于穆斯林的心灵与头脑之中,并在穆斯林生活的各个方面得到体现。然而,尽管如此,在重建国家之前,必须完成一些艰巨的任务,而要恢复伊斯兰的生活方式,还必须付出非凡的努力。因此,仅有愿望和乐观是不足以让国家兴起的,仅有希望和热情也不足以保证伊斯兰生活方式的恢复。所有义务之母,在于正确评估那些阻碍伊斯兰的巨大障碍,以使其得以清除。
The strength of the Islamic thought coupled with its methodology would be sufficient to establish the Islamic State and to resume the Islamic way of life, provided that this thought is deeply rooted in the hearts and minds of the Muslims, and that it materialized itself in the Muslims in all walks of life. However, despite all this, some colossal tasks have to be carried out prior to the reestablishment of the State, and phenomenal efforts must be made in order to resume the Islamic way of life. Desire and optimism would not, therefore, be sufficient for the State to arise, nor would hope and enthusiasm be enough to secure the resumption of the Islamic way of life. The mother of all duties would be to duly assess these colossal obstacles which stand in the way of Islam in order to make their removal possible.
同样重要的是,要提醒穆斯林,那些致力于这一目标的人将承担沉重的责任,并要让民众,尤其是知识分子,注意到就这一最为重大的问题发表任何见解所带来的严重后果,使言语与行动同时伴随着觉悟、决心、勇气、坚定与无畏。那些走上这条道路、意在重新建立伊斯兰生活方式的人应当明白,他们将要在坚硬的岩石上开辟道路;但只要怀着坚定的决心与奉献精神,他们便能够凿穿这块岩石。与此同时,他们也应当意识到,自己所处理的是一件极其微妙的事情。
It is also important to warn the Muslims about the heavy load which awaits those who rise to this objective and to bring to the attention of the people, especially the intellectual ones. The serious consequences of any opinion which is voiced concerning this most serious issue, so that words and actions move together with awareness, determination, mettle, resolve and courage. Those who tread the path in order to resume the Islamic way of life should be aware that they would be carving their way into hard stone, but that with great resolve and dedication they would be able to break the stone. At the same time they should be aware that they would be treating a delicate matter.
然而,他们的仁慈将帮助他们完善地处理此事。他们应当明白,他们会遭遇重大的难题,但他们终将克服这些难题。他们不应偏离这条道路,因为这正是安拉的使者ﷺ所走过的道路;若此道路走得正确,积极的成果必将到来,胜利也必然确定无疑。今天,穆斯林应当审慎地走好的正是这条道路,前提是严格遵循安拉的使者ﷺ的榜样,谨慎而正确地效法他ﷺ的步伐,使任何行走于此道路上的人都不致跌倒,因为类比中的每一个错误、道路上的每一次偏离,都会给宣教(Da'wah)带来停滞与倒退。由此可见,就哈里发问题召开会议本身并不能导致伊斯兰国的建立;由统治穆斯林民众的各国组成的联邦也不是建立伊斯兰国的合法途径;穆斯林民众的大会同样无助于恢复伊斯兰的生活方式。这些办法,以及与之类似的任何做法,都不应被视为正确。它们充其量不过是为安抚穆斯林的愤怒而设的修辞,只会压抑他们的情感、削弱他们的热忱,进而使他们偏离真正的任务。
However, their kindness would help them treat it perfectly. They should be aware that they would clash against major problems, yet they would overcome them. They should not deviate from the path because it is the path which the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) traversed, and if the path is traversed correctly the positive results would be inevitable and victory would be certain without a shadow of a doubt. It is this path which the Muslims should tread carefully today, provided that the example of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) is carefully followed, and his (pbuh) steps are carefully and correctly copied so that anyone who treads upon this path does not stumble, because every error in the analogy and every deviation from the path would introduce sterility and regression to the Da’wah. It therefore follows that holding conferences on the issue of the Khilafah would not of itself lead to the establishment of the Islamic State, nor would a federation of countries ruling Muslim peoples be a legitimate method to establish the Islamic State, nor would congresses of Muslim peoples help in the resumption of the Islamic way of life. None of these, nor anything similar to them, should be considered correct. Instead, they would merely represent rhetoric aimed at soothing the anger of the Muslims. Rather, these would contain their feelings and neutralize their zeal, and consequently lead them astray from the real task.
只有一种途径可以建立伊斯兰国:传播伊斯兰的讯息,并致力于恢复伊斯兰的生活方式。这就要求将所有伊斯兰国家视为一个整体,因为穆斯林只是一个乌玛(Ummah),它代表着一个由同一个"aqeedah"(信仰)联结起来的人群,其制度由此信仰而生。因此,在任何一个穆斯林国家所进行的、触及情感与观念的工作,其影响都应当波及所有其他穆斯林国家。所以,必须将所有穆斯林国家视为一个整体,并将达瓦(Da'wah)传播到这些国家,使其影响各国的社会。这是因为代表乌玛的社会就像锅中的水,若在其下点火,水就会变热,直至沸腾。沸腾会使社会动起来、运转起来。因此,达瓦应当以伊斯兰世界为对象,以便启动恢复伊斯兰生活方式的工作;这将通过出版书籍和传单、通过通讯及其他一切宣传手段来实现,尤其是通过接触与讨论,因为它们是最成功的达瓦方法之一。
The only way to establish the Islamic State is to carry the Islamic Message and to work towards the resumption of the Islamic way of life, which necessitates taking the Islamic countries altogether as one unit because the Muslims are but one Ummah, which represents a human group bound by one ‘Aqeedah from which emanates her system. Any task carried out in any Muslim country, touching on the emotions and concepts, should therefore have its effects in all the other Muslim countries. Thus, it is imperative that all Muslim countries be considered as one and that the Da’wah is carried to all these countries so that it affects their respective societies. This is because the society which represents the Ummah would be like water in a pot, if a fire was lit under it the water would warm up and reach its boiling point. The boiling would cause the society to move and work. This is why the Da’wah should target the Islamic world so that work towards resuming the Islamic way of life could be initiated; this would be done by means of publishing books and leaflets, and by means of communication and all other means of publicity, especially contacts and discussion since they are one of the most successful methods of Da’wah.
然而,以这种公开的方式开展宣教,只是为社会添柴加薪,使其冷漠转化为能量。除非实践性的宣教在政治取向上局限于某一个国家,并从那里开始工作,否则它无法达到沸点。宣教将从那里发起,并蔓延到伊斯兰世界的其他地区。这个国家(或若干国家)将被视为支点,在此建立伊斯兰国。随后将是扩展并建立更大的伊斯兰国,而它又将把伊斯兰的信息传遍全世界。
However, the initiation of Da’wah in this open manner is merely a fuel for the society in order to convert frigidity into energy. It cannot reach the boiling point unless the practical Da’wah is confined in its political orientation within one single country from where the work would begin. The Da’wah would be launched from there to mushroom to other parts of the Islamic world. This country, or several countries, would be taken as the support point where the Islamic State would be established. Following this would be expanding and establishing the greater Islamic State, which in turn would carry the Islamic Message to the whole world.
这就是安拉的使者ﷺ所做的事。他ﷺ将自己的达瓦传达给所有人,传达的步骤也进入了实践阶段。他ﷺ邀请麦加的人,以及朝觐季节里所有的阿拉伯人。他ﷺ的达瓦传遍了整个阿拉伯半岛,仿佛他ﷺ在半岛的社会中点燃了一把火,这把火旨在释放阿拉伯人整体的能量。安拉的使者ﷺ通过直接接触阿拉伯人、在朝觐季节邀请他们信仰伊斯兰,以及走访各部落的家园并呼吁他们信仰伊斯兰,来号召阿拉伯人信仰伊斯兰。由于安拉的使者ﷺ与古莱什人之间发生的冲突,达瓦传到了所有阿拉伯人那里。这些冲突的回响传到了阿拉伯人中间,激发了他们的好奇心,以及想要进一步了解达瓦的愿望。然而,尽管达瓦传到了所有阿拉伯人那里,但达瓦的范围仍局限于麦加,之后扩展到麦地那,因此伊斯兰国在汉志建立。直到那时,达瓦的热情和安拉的使者ﷺ的胜利才使这种沸腾转化为真正的行动,于是所有人都信仰了,伊斯兰国不断壮大,直至覆盖整个阿拉伯半岛,并从那里向全世界传播其讯息。
This is what the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) did. He (pbuh) conveyed his Da’wah to all the people and the steps of conveyance reached the practical phase. He (pbuh) invited the people of Makkah and all the Arabs in the Hajj season. His Da’wah spread all over the Arabian Peninsula, as if he (pbuh) had lit a fire under the society of the Peninsula, a fire which was aimed at releasing the energy in the Arabs as a whole. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) called the Arabs to Islam by directly contacting them and by inviting them to Islam during the Hajj season, and by visiting the tribes in their homes and calling them to Islam. The Da’wah reached all the Arabs as a result of the clashes which took place between the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and Quraysh, the echoes of those impacts reached the Arabs and triggered their curiosity and their desire to learn more about the Da’wah. However, although the Da’wah reached all the Arabs, the scope of the Da’wah was confined to Makkah, stretching to Madinah therefore the Islamic State was founded in Hijaz. Only then did the heat of the Da’wah and the victory of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) cause the boiling to result in real action, so that all believed and the Islamic State grew until it engulfed the whole of the Arabian Peninsula from where it launched its Message to the world.
我们应当把传播伊斯兰的呼唤(Da'wah)以及推动恢复伊斯兰生活方式的工作,作为建立伊斯兰国的方法。我们应将穆斯林国家视为一个不可分割的整体社会,并以其作为呼唤的对象;但我们必须把工作范围集中于一个省份或若干特定省份,在那里致力于用伊斯兰教育民众,使伊斯兰在他们心中复苏,使他们为伊斯兰而生活、为伊斯兰而奋斗。我们还应当以伊斯兰创造舆论、为伊斯兰创造舆论,使呼唤的承载者与社会之间产生一种回应,这种回应是富有成效、有效而动人的,并能够将呼唤转化为互动,并产生成果。这种性质的互动将转化为一场旨在建立伊斯兰国的奋斗,而这个伊斯兰国源自乌玛,建立于伊斯兰世界的那一部分。届时,呼唤将由脑海中的一种思想发展为存在于社会之中的现实,由一场大众运动发展为一个国家。那时它将完成各个阶段,从起点走向发射点,再走向支持点,并在国家中扎根,而这个国家将具备国家的一切要素,并具有呼唤的力量。此后,沙里亚所要求国家以及生活在其权力之外的穆斯林去完成的实际任务,便可以开始了。
We ought to adopt the carrying of the Da’wah and the work towards resuming the Islamic way of life as our method to establish the Islamic State. While we should consider the Muslim countries as one indivisible society and as a target for the Da’wah, we must concentrate our scope of work to one province or specific provinces where we undertake to educate people with Islam so that it springs to life within themselves and so that they live by it and for it, and we ought to create public opinion by Islam and for Islam so that a response is generated between the carriers of the Da’wah and society, a response which would be fruitful, effective and moving, and which would be able to transform the Da’wah into interaction and result in output. Interaction of this nature would be translated into a struggle aimed at establishing the Islamic State, which emanates from the Ummah, in that part of the Islamic world. The Da’wah would then have developed from being an idea in the mind to existing in society, and from a popular movement to a State. By then it would have concluded its stages and moved from the starting point to the launching point, and then to the point of support where it would be rooted in the State, which fulfills all elements of the State and the strength of the Da’wah. Following this, the practical task, which the Shari’ah commands the State and the Muslims who live outside its authority to fulfill, would have begun.
国家的职责是全面依照安拉(SWT)所启示的律法进行统治,并着手将其他省份并入,将其事务视为国内政策(而非对外政策)的一部分。因此,国家应当开始在其他各省传播伊斯兰的宣教(Da'wah),呼吁恢复伊斯兰的生活方式。国家应当消除殖民者在各省之间划定的虚构政治边界,这些边界的存在使各省统治者沦为边界的看门人。因此,即使其他省份选择不效仿,国家也必须撤除边界。签证将被取消,海关检查站也将撤除,国家的边境将向其他省份的公民敞开。这将使其他穆斯林省份的公民感到,这个国家确实是伊斯兰国,并使他们亲眼见证伊斯兰统治的实施与落实。
The duty of the State would be to rule comprehensively by that which Allah (swt) has revealed and to initiate the merging of other provinces with it and consider their affairs as part of the domestic policy (and not the foreign policy). It would therefore, initiate the conveyance of the Da’wah and the call for the resumption of the Islamic way of life all over the other provinces. It would lift the imaginary political borders which the colonialists drew up between them and who were responsible for making the rulers of those provinces the watchdogs of the borders. The State must therefore remove the borders even if the other provinces choose not to follow suit. Visas would be canceled, as would the customs checkpoints, and its borders would be left wide open to the citizens of the other provinces. This would make the citizens of the other Muslim provinces feel that this State was indeed the Islamic State, and it would make them witness the implementation and the execution of Islamic rule.
按照穆斯林的责任,他们应当努力把尚未实行伊斯兰教法、被视为“古夫尔之地”(Dar al-Kufr)的土地,转变为“伊斯兰之地”(Dar al-Islam)。实现这一目标的途径,是通过宣教(Da'wah)和宣传,使自己的家园与伊斯兰国家合而为一。这样可以确保伊斯兰世界的整个社会达到沸点,从而推动其走向正确的行动,并进而确保所有穆斯林统一在一个国家之下。如此,更大的伊斯兰国家便将建立,代表普世思想领导地位的伊斯兰国家也将重新存在。到那时,它将获得相应的地位与分量,足以传达其信息,并努力将世界从所陷入的种种罪恶中拯救出来。
As for the duty of the Muslims, they should work towards turning their land where Islam is not implemented, and which is considered as Dar al-Kufr, into Dar al-Islam. This would be achieved by aiming to merge their household with the Islamic State by means of Da’wah and publicity. This would ensure that the whole of the society within the Islamic world had reached boiling point, which would drive it towards the right action and which would ensure in turn the unification of all the Muslims under one State. Thus, the greater Islamic State would be established, and so the Islamic State, which represents a universal intellectual leadership, would have come back into existence. By then it will have gained its stature and the weight necessary to enable her to convey its Message and to work towards saving the world from the evils it has been plunged into.
如果穆斯林乌玛(Ummah)过去曾生活在一个不超过阿拉伯半岛的国家里,当时人口仅有几百万,尽管如此,当她接受伊斯兰并承载其使命时,却在当时两大阵营面前代表着一个世界超级大国;她对两者同时发起打击,征服了它们的土地,并将伊斯兰传播到当时有人居住的世界几乎所有地方,那么,对于今天的乌玛,我们又该如何评说呢?她人口超过十亿,分布在地理上相互连接的各国之中;如果她是一个单一的国家,东起西班牙,西至中国,北起土耳其,南达马来西亚,占据了世界上在资源与战略要地方面最优越的部分,并向世界传播一种单一而正确的意识形态,那么她无疑将构成一股在各方面都比当今所有主要超级大国加在一起还要强大的力量。
If the Muslim Ummah, had in the past, lived in a country which did not stretch beyond the Arabian Peninsula, and which at that time numbered only a few million, and despite that when she embraced Islam and carried its Message she represented a world superpower in the face of the two major camps at the time, whereupon she struck them both simultaneously, conquered their lands and spread Islam over almost the whole of the inhabited parts of the world at that time, then what are we to say about the Ummah today; numbering more than one billion, spread over countries that are geographically linked together; if she were a single state, stretching from Spain in the East to China in the West and from Turkey in the north to Malaysia in the south, occupying the best part of the world in terms of resources and strategic points, and carrying a single correct ideology to the world? She would undoubtedly constitute a front which would be stronger in every respect than the leading superpowers put together.
因此,每一位穆斯林都有责任从此刻起努力重建伊斯兰国。工作应从开展伊斯兰宣教(Da'wah)开始,目的是在所有穆斯林国家恢复伊斯兰的生活方式。宣教的实际范围应限于一个国家或若干选定的国家,以便取得支持的据点,使这项严肃的任务得以继续推进。这样一项目标崇高的事业,穆斯林应当沿着这条切实而清晰的道路去努力实现,并必须遵循此道路,为之忍受各种艰难,竭尽全力。人应当依靠真主的襄助,不为此求取任何报酬,只求获得真主(SWT)的喜悦。
Therefore, it is the duty of every Muslim to work from this moment on to reestablish the Islamic State. Work should commence by carrying the Islamic Da’wah with the aim of resuming the Islamic way of life in all the Muslim countries. The practical scope of the Da’wah should be in one country or some selected ones in order to achieve the point of support so that this serious task can be resumed. Such a cause with its high objective, which the Muslim should aim to achieve by treading this practical and clear path and which he must follow, should be worth enduring all types of hardship and sparing no effort for. One should rely on Allah’s help, seeking no reward for it except to gain the pleasure of Allah (swt).