43 伊斯兰世界的政治围困 - 伊斯兰哈里发制度 | System Of Islam

43 伊斯兰世界的政治围困 - 伊斯兰哈里发制度 | System Of Islam

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43 伊斯兰世界的政治围困

43 The Political Siege of the Islamic World

by Taqiuddin an-Nabhani3 min readViewed 154 times

真正导致安达卢斯遭入侵的原因，是欧洲自十字军战争中遭受屈辱性失败以来一直渴望的复仇。在穆斯林给予他们沉重打击，并被逐出穆斯林土地之后，西方人便对穆斯林怀恨在心。他们的内心充满了对穆斯林的仇恨与恶意。他们不敢在东方重演其冒险，因为他们知道穆斯林能够击退那里的任何进攻。他们认为在安达卢斯更容易获得复仇。随着时间推移，欧洲将其攻势指向安达卢斯，并以断头台和焚尸炉残酷地撕裂了这片土地，对其居民施以暴行。这种暴行比野兽更加残忍，是西方所犯下的诸多可耻行径中最卑劣的一桩。然而，穆斯林在支持安达卢斯方面的疏忽，却助长了他们的气焰。

The real cause behind the invasion of Andalus was the revenge which Europe yearned for ever since their humiliating defeat in the crusader wars. After the crushing blow they were dealt by the Muslims, and after they had been chased away from Muslim lands, the Westerners carried a grudge against the Muslims. Their hearts were filled with hatred and malice towards the Muslims. They would not dare repeat their venture in the East, for they knew that the Muslims would be able to repel any offensive there. They thought that revenge would be easier to obtain in Andalus. In time, Europe directed its onslaught to Andalus and savagely ripped it apart using guillotines and crematoriums on its inhabitants. It was more savage than by beasts, being one of the most despicable of many shameful acts carried out by the West. Nevertheless, they were encouraged by the neglect of the Muslims in supporting Andalus.

当时穆斯林足够强大,也有能力在军事上援助那一省(Wilayah),抵御其西方敌人。然而,穆斯林松懈下来,使安达卢斯成为了容易到手的猎物。这助长了西方进一步思谋复仇的念头,若非穆斯林的强大,尤其是奥斯曼国家的强大,那些袭扰本会迅速而猛烈地波及穆斯林其余的土地。正是穆斯林的雄厚实力,以及奥斯曼人征服欧洲大片土地,使西方人深感恐惧,迫使他们在贸然对穆斯林发动任何冒险之前三思而行,以免像十字军东征时那样惨遭失败。

1884年，俄国将整个突厥斯坦从伊斯兰国中割裂出去，随后完成了对高加索全境的占领。然而，挑战奥斯曼人的并非只有俄国，西方列强的其他国家也这样做了。1798年7月1日，拿破仑进攻埃及并迅速占领了它。1799年2月，他进攻沙姆南部的港口，夺取了加扎、拉姆拉和雅法。他驻扎在阿卡要塞附近（该要塞在十字军东征中以阿克尔之名著称），但他的进攻受挫，于是撤回埃及，随后返回法国，这场行动最终于1801年失败。然而，尽管他的战役未能成功且以失败告终，它却深刻地影响了奥斯曼国家。在其余波之中，欧洲大多数国家争相进攻伊斯兰世界，并占领其部分土地。法国于1830年占领阿尔及利亚，并致力于占领突尼斯，直至1881年得手。1912年，他们占领了马拉喀什。意大利人于1911年占领了的黎波里，这标志着北非与奥斯曼国家的分离：北非不再处于伊斯兰统治之下，而是落入不信道者之手，并被他们直接殖民。

In 1884, Russia cut the whole of Turkistan from the Islamic State, and then completed its occupation of all of Qafqas. However, Russia was not the only state to challenge the ‘Uthmanis, the rest of the Western powers did so too. On July 1st, 1798, Napoleon attacked Egypt and quickly occupied her. In February, 1799, he attacked the southern port of al-Sham and seized Gazza, al-Ramlah and Yafa. He stood near the fort of Akka (famous in the crusades as Acre), but his onslaught faltered and so he returned to Egypt, then to France and his venture finally failed in 1801. However, despite the fact that his campaign proved unsuccessful and abortive, it deeply affected the ‘Uthmani State. In its aftermath, most of the countries of Europe queued up to attack the Islamic world and occupy parts of its land. The French occupied Algeria in 1830, and worked towards occupying Tunisia until they did so in 1881. They occupied Marrakesh in 1912. The Italians occupied Tripoli in 1911 and this marked the separation of North Africa, which was no longer under Islamic rule, from the ‘Uthmani State. It came to be ruled by the disbelievers and was directly colonized by them.

西方人走得更远，他们还暗中鼓动并支持穆斯林内部在国家之内的分裂运动，即阿拉伯人与土耳其人之间的分裂。他们支持民族主义运动，并帮助建立土耳其和阿拉伯的政党，例如“土耳其青年党”（Turkyya al-Fatah Party，即青年土耳其党）、“联合进步党”、“阿拉伯独立党”以及“盟约（Al-A’hd）党”等。结果，国家的躯体从内部遭到猛烈震动并开始崩溃，加上外国的入侵。不信道的势力发现，将其攻势指向伊斯兰世界、夺取其余的土地并将伊斯兰国家从世上抹去，是大有希望的。这发生在第一次世界大战爆发之初，奥斯曼国被迫卷入这场战争，最终以战败告终。协约国成为胜利者，并把伊斯兰世界作为战利品在它们之间瓜分。伊斯兰国家所剩下的只有土耳其的领土，即后来被称为土耳其的地方。1918年战争结束时，它仍处于西方势力的支配之下，直到1921年，土耳其才在向协约国保证将放弃伊斯兰政治制度之后，设法从它们手中获得独立。

The Westerners went even further and secretly encouraged and supported separatist movements among the Muslims themselves within the State, i.e. between Arabs and Turks. They backed the nationalist movements and helped to establish Turkish and Arab political parties such as the “Turkyya al-Fatah Party” (Young Turks), the “Union and Progress Party”, the “Arab Independence Party”, and the “Covenant (Al-A’hd) Party”, amongst others. This resulted in the State’s body being violently shaken from within and it began to crumble, coupled with foreign invasions. The disbelieving forces found it very promising to direct their onslaught against the Islamic world, seizing the rest of its land and destroying the Islamic State by wiping it out of existence. This was at the start of the First World War which the ‘Uthmani State was forced into and which ended in its defeat. The allies emerged as the victors and they divided the Islamic world between them as war booty. All that remained of the Islamic State was Turkish land which came to be known as Turkey and which remained at the end of the war in 1918 at the mercy of the Western forces until 1921, when she in turn managed to gain her independence from them after giving the allies guarantees that she would abandon the Islamic system of government.