关于伊斯兰律例中许多与土地税（Al-Kharaj）、人头税（Jizya）、天课（Zakat）、血金（Diyya）、断肢之刑以及赎罪（Kaffarah）相关的规定，要求人们了解先知穆罕默德ﷺ时代及尊贵的圣门弟子（愿真主喜悦他们）时期所使用的长度、容量和重量单位。随着时间推移，远离了这些长度、容量和重量的计量标准，其中大部分（如果不是全部）如今已经不再使用。因此，很难将这些度量及其数值与今天使用的长度、容量和重量单位相对应。而今天的单位更便于操作、更易于理解，也能够精确界定。

Cognition of many of the Ahkam Shar’iah related to Al-Kharaj, Jizya, Zakat, Diyya, cutting and expiation requires the knowledge of the lengths, measures and weights which were used during the time of the Messenger (saw) and in the era of the honourable Sahabah (may Allah (swt) be pleased with them). As time prolonged away from the usage of these standards of lengths, measures and weights, the majority of them today, if not all of them, have become redundant. Thus, it has become difficult to know these measurements and their values corresponding to the lengths, measures and weights used today, which have become easier to deal with, easier to understand and able to precisely define.

因此,将演示这些长度、容量和重量的标准,以说明其实际情况,以及它们与当今长度、容量和重量之间的换算关系,从而使其清晰明了、便于运用、易于理解,并在定义上精确无误。

Therefore, the standards of these lengths, measures and weights will be demonstrated to explain their reality and ratio to today’s lengths, measures and weights in order to make them clear, easy to deal with, simple to understand and precise in definition.

Jareeb是唯一的基本面积单位。它用于测量可耕地，并界定地产，哈拉只（Kharaj，土地税）即据此估算。据报道，沙比（Sh'abi）说："欧麦尔·本·哈塔卜确实测量了萨瓦德（伊拉克的可耕地），其面积达630,000,000 Jareeb。" 在《苏丹的法令》（al-Ahkaam al-Sultaniyya）一书中说："一个Jareeb等于10个Kasabaat乘以10个Kasabaat。一个Kafeez等于10个Kasabaat乘以一个Kasabah。一个Kasabah等于6肘尺。因此，一个Jareeb等于3600个肘尺块，而一个Kafeez等于330肘尺，即一个Jareeb的十分之一。"

A Jareeb was the only basic unit of area. It was applied to measure arable land and define estate, where the Kharaj was estimated based on this basis. It is reported that Sh’abi said, “Indeed ‘Umar b. Al-Khattab surveyed the Sawad (arable land of Iraq) which reached 630,000,000 Jareeb.” In the book, al- Ahkaam al-Sultaniyya it is said, “The Jareeb is 10 Kasabaats times 10 Kasabaats. The Kafeez is 10 Kasabaats times a Kasabah. And the Kasabah is equal to 6 cubits. Hence the Jareeb is equal to 3600 cubit pieces and the Kafeez is equal to 330 cubits which is a tenth of a Jareeb.

关于法尔萨赫（parasang）的说明，据传贾阿法尔·本·库达马曾说：“它是一个以肘为单位的面积，等同于哈希姆肘，即9000肘。”卡勒卡珊迪提到：“哈希姆肘等于一肘又三分之一手掌，即穆尔萨拉（长距离派遣）肘。手肘的一手掌等于6个握拳（抓握），以平均握拳为准。每个握拳由四根手指构成，即小指、无名指、中指和食指。每根手指相当于并排横放的6根细毛。”

Commenting on the parasang, it has been reported that Ja’afar bin Qudamah said that, “It is a cubit area and is equivalent to the Hashemite cubit, that is 9000 cubits.” Qalqashandi mentioned that, “The Hashemite cubit is equal to a cubit and a third of the hand which is the Mursala (long dispatched) cubit. And the cubit of the hand is equal to 6 handfuls (clasps)on the basis of the average handful. Each handful is the four fingers i.e. the smallest finger, ring finger, the middle and the index finger. Each finger is 6 little hairs laid across.

穆斯林使用了以下长度单位：

The Muslims used the following lengths:

扣合 = 四根手指。

The clasp = 4 fingers.

派遣的穆尔萨拉肘尺 = 6 指扣，或 24 指。

The dispatched Mursala cubit = 6 clasps or 24 fingers.

哈希姆肘尺 = 8 个指节或 32 根手指。

The Hashemite cubit = 8 clasps or 32 fingers.

卡萨巴 = 6 个哈希姆肘尺。

The Kasabah = 6 Hashemite cubits.

Jareeb = 100 Kasabaats squared (10 x 10)。

The Jareeb = 100 Kasabaats squared (10 x 10).

十个卡萨巴特 = 10 × 6 肘尺。

The ten Kasabaats = 10 x 6 cubits.

据传，艾布·赛义德·胡德里说：“我们过去在开斋赞功（Zakat ul-Fitr）时，以一萨阿（Sa'a）的食物，或一萨阿的大麦，或一萨阿的椰枣，或一萨阿的奶酪，或一萨阿的葡萄干来缴纳。”又据传，贾比尔·本·阿卜杜拉说：“安拉的使者ﷺ用一萨阿的水沐浴，用一穆德（Mudd）的水净身。”还有，艾布·赛义德·胡德里未提及先知ﷺ，他说：“不足五个奥瓦斯格（Awsuq）的，不需施舍天课（Sadaqah）。”瓦斯格（Al-Wasq）为60个马赫图姆（Makhtoom），即一个萨阿，这有哈桑和伊本·西林的传述为证，二人都说：“瓦斯格是60个萨阿。”沙比传述，安拉的使者ﷺ对卡卜·本·乌兹拉说：“你没有可宰杀的牲畜吗？”他说：“没有。”安拉的使者ﷺ说：“那么你就封斋三天，或者施舍三萨阿椰枣给六位贫困者，其中两人各给一萨阿。”又据传，穆罕默德ﷺ·本·欧拜杜拉·萨加斐说：“欧麦尔·本·哈塔卜对萨瓦德（Sawad）的居民征收，每一有人居住或灌溉充足的贾列卜（Jareeb）征收一个迪尔汗（Dirham）和一个卡菲兹（Kafeez）。”艾布·欧拜德在《财产之书》中说：“一萨阿为四个安姆达德（Amdaad），穆德按巴格达度量衡为一磅又三分之一，因此一萨阿为五磅又三分之一，这就是马立克和希贾兹人所提到的先知ﷺ的萨阿。”考察圣训，以及圣训学家、法学家和语言学家关于度量衡的论述可知，萨阿是所有曾经使用过的量器的计量单位。一萨阿等于四个安姆达德，一穆德为巴格达度量下的一磅又三分之一，而巴格达磅等于128又4/7个迪尔汗。以今天所用的克数估算，迪尔汗约合3.17克，但这并非现金迪尔汗。伊斯兰教法规定的银迪尔汗重2.975克。因此，巴格达磅的重量为408克。

It has been narrated that Abu Said al-Khudri said, “We used to give a Sa’a from food for Zakat ul-Fitr, or a Sa’a from barley, or a Sa’a from dates, or a Sa’a from cheese, or a Sa’a from the raisons.” It has been narrated from Jabir ibn Abdullah who said, “The Messenger of Allah (saw) would wash himself with a Sa’a and purify himself with Mudd.” And it has been narrated from Abu Saeed al-Khudri, without metioning the Prophet (saw) who said, “There is no Sadaqah in less then 5 Awsuq.” Al-Wasq is 60 Makhtoom that is a Sa’a by evidence of what has been narrated from al-Hassan and Ibn Sirreen who both said, “Al-Wasq is 60 Sa’a.” Al-Sha’bi narrated that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said to Ka’ab ibn ‘Uzra, “Don’t you have something to slaughter?” He said, “No.” RasoolAllah (saw) said, “Then fast three days or give in charity 3 Sa’a of dates to 6 needy people, giving two of them one Sa’a.” And it has been narrated from Muhammad (saw) bin Ubaidullah al-Thaqafi who said, “‘Umar ibn Al- Khattab imposed on the people of the Sawad on each Jareeb inhabited or overflowing a Dirham and a Kafeez.” Abu ‘Ubaid says in the Book of Funds, “A Sa’a is 4 Amdaad, and the Mud is a pound and third in Baghdadi measurement, thus the a Sa’a is 5 pounds and a third, which is the Sa’a of the Prophet (saw) as Malik and the people of the Hijaz mention.” Examining the Ahadith, what has been mentioned by the Jurists and Muhadditheen and the linguists about the measures and weights shows that a Sa’a is a unit of measurement for all measures which was used. A Sa’a is equal to 4 Amdaad and a Mudd is a pound and third in Baghdadi measurement and the Baghdadi pound is 128 4/7 Dirhams. The estimate of the Dirham in terms of the gram used today was 3.17 grams. This is not the cash Dirham. The weight of the Shar’i silver Dirham is 2.975 grams. Thus the weight of the Baghdadi pound is 408 grams.

由此，这些量具及其重量以小麦为基准，换算成克和千克后便清楚明了，具体如下：

Thereby the values of these measuresand their weights become clear in grams and kilograms from the substance of wheat in the following form:

穆德(Al-Mudd)= 1又1/3巴格达磅。

Al-Mudd = 1 1/3 Pound Baghdadi.