银器和金器的天课，无论是否作为货币使用，都是依据圣训和众圣门弟子的一致意见（Ijma'a as-Sahabah）而成为义务的。至于圣训，这是因为艾卜·胡莱赖传述：安拉的使者ﷺ说："凡拥有金银而不交付其应尽之义务者，在复活日，将为他制作火板，在火狱中烧热，然后用来烙他的两侧、额头和背部。每当火板变冷，就会再次为他烧热，那一日的长度为五万年，直到人们之间的审判完毕，他将看到自己的去路，或是通往乐园，或是通往火狱。"（由五部圣训集收录，但提尔米兹除外）。他又说："凡安拉赐予他财富而不交纳其天课者，他的财富在复活日将以一条秃头毒蛇的形象呈现给他，蛇的眼睛上方有两个斑点，它在复活日环绕着他，然后抓住他下颚的两侧，说：'我是你的财富，我是你积存的宝藏。'"随后他诵读了经文：

The Zakat of silver and gold, whether in currency or not, is obliged by the Sunnah and Ijma’a as-Sahabah. As for the Sunnah, this is due to what Abu Hurayra narrated: The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “No owner of gold or silver who fails to give their due right except that he will have sheets of fire made for him on the Day of Judgement. They will be heated in the Hellfire then used to burn his sides, forehead and back. Whenever they cool they are reheated to him in a Day whose length is 50,000 years long until it is judged between the people and he is shown his path, either to Paradise or to the Fire” (narrated by the five except At-Tirmizi). Also he said: “Whoever is given wealth by Allah (swt) and fails to pay its Zakat then his wealth will be presented to him on the day of judgement as a bald snake with two spots above its eyes and it surrounds him on the Day of Judgement. Then it will hold him by two sides of his jaw and it will say: I am your wealth, I am your hoarded treasure.” Then he recited:

“切勿以为那些吝啬于真主所赐恩惠的人，所吝啬的对他们有益。他们所吝啬的，将在复活日像项圈一样套在他们的脖子上。”（《古兰经》3:180）（由五位圣训家传述，阿布·达乌德除外）

“Let not those who covetously withhold of the bounties which Allah (swt) has given them of His grace think that it is good for them. Soon shall what they covetously withhold be tied to their necks like a twisted collar on the Day of Judgement.” [Al-Imran: 180] (narrated by the five except Abu Dawud).

至于伊吉玛（Ijma'），众圣门弟子在天课须缴纳于金银之上一事上达成了共识，无人持异议。

As for Ijma’a, the companions had a consensus without anyone disagreeing upon the obligation of Zakat on silver and gold.

最低应缴天课的白银数量是五盎司,因为先知说:“少于五盎司的银子不需缴纳施舍。”(双方一致认可的圣训)。其数额折合为200迪拉姆,因为每盎司为40迪拉姆。阿里·本·阿比·塔利卜说:“每200迪拉姆应缴纳5迪拉姆。”穆罕默德·本·阿卜杜·拉赫曼·安萨里在先知ﷺ的文书以及欧麦尔·本·哈塔卜的文书中转述了关于施舍的规定:“白银未达到200迪拉姆,不取任何东西。”因此,如果白银不足200迪拉姆,哪怕只少一迪拉姆,也不需缴纳天课,因为它少于五盎司。先知ﷺ并未对少于五盎司的财产征收天课。

The least amount of silver upon which Zakat is obliged is five ounces due to his saying: “There is no Sadaqah on anything less than five ounces” (agreed upon). Its amount is counted as 200 Dirhams because each ounce is 40 Dirhams. From Ali b. Abi Talib who said: “Five Dirhams (are due) in every 200 Dirhams.” Muhammad (saw) b. Abdur Rahman al-Ansari narrated that in the book of the Messenger of Allah (saw) , and the book of ‘Umar ibn Al-Khattab, on Sadaqah (there was stated): “Nothing is taken from silver until it reaches 200 Dirhams.” Thus if silver is less than 200 Dirhams, even by just one Dirham, then no Zakat is obliged upon it, due to its being less than five ounces. The Messenger of Allah (saw) did not oblige Zakat in what is less than five ounces.

计算天课起征点（尼萨布）所依据的迪拉姆，是沙里亚迪拉姆。每十枚这样的迪拉姆，其重量等于七个米斯喀尔的黄金。每枚迪拉姆等于十分之七个米斯喀尔。这种沙里亚迪拉姆，是用来衡量天课的尼萨布、人头税（吉兹亚）的数额、血金（命价），以及盗窃者被处断手的尼萨布等的标准。

The Dirhams against which the Nisab is considered are the Shari’ah Dirhams. Every ten of them are equivalent to the weight of seven Mithqal of gold. Each Dirham is equivalent to seven-tenths of a mithqal. This is the Shari’ah Dirham against which is measured the Nisabs of Zakat, the value of Jizya, blood-monies, the Nisab of cutting for stealing etc.

今天所用的银币（迪拉姆）重量为2.975克，因此以银计算的天课辖界（尼sab）即200迪拉姆，折合为595克。这包括铸造成的作为货币的白银，也包括银屑（Tibr）或银锭（Sabaik）。如果白银与铅、铜或其他矿物混合，其中纯银的含量达到白银的辖界，则需缴纳天课，并从其中的纯银数量中征收。

The dirham’s weight in grams utilised today is 2.975 grams, so the weight of the Nisab of Zakat in silver-which is 200 Dirhams-becomes 595 grams. It includes the minted silver as currency as well as the dust (Tibr) or ingots (Sabaik). If the silver is mixed with lead, copper or other types of minerals such that its pure content reaches the Nisab of silver, then Zakat is obliged and taken from the amount of pure silver in it.

如果白银达到天课的应纳税额，并且满一年，那么其中就有四十分之一的义务，即应纳税额200迪拉姆中须缴纳五迪拉姆。这是由圣行确立的。据艾布·伯克尔·隋迪格的传述，先知ﷺ说：“白银的天课为四十分之一。”Ar-riqqa即铸造的银币。布哈里传述了先知ﷺ的话：“每四十迪拉姆取一迪拉姆作为银币的天课，一百九十迪拉姆则无须缴纳。”据穆罕默德·本·阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼·安萨里传述，他说：在安拉的使者ﷺ的文书中，以及欧麦尔的文书中，关于天课有如下内容：“白银未达到200迪拉姆之前，不取任何天课。”天课应纳税额中的五迪拉姆，相当于14.875克，因为一迪拉姆的重量为2.975克。

If silver reaches the Nisab of Zakat and a full year passes over it, then quarter-tithe is obliged in it i.e. five Dirhams are obliged in the Nisab which is 200 Dirhams. This has been established by the Sunnah. On the authority of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq it is narrated that the Prophet (saw) said: “Quarter-tithe in the Riqqa.” Ar-riqqa is the minted silver. Bukhari narrated the Prophet (saw) ’s saying: “Bring the Sadaqah of the Riqqa as a Dirham for every forty, and there is nothing due on one hundred and ninety.” From Muhammad (saw) b. Abdur Rahman al-Ansari who said that in the book of the Messenger of Allah (saw) , and the book of ‘Umar, on Sadaqah there is the following: “Nothing is taken from silver until it reaches 200 Dirhams.” The five Dirhams obliged in the Nisab of Zakat are equivalent to 14.875 grams, as the dirham’s weight is 2.975 grams.

黄金的尼萨布数额及其应缴的天课

The Nisab amount of Gold and what Zakat is Obliged in it.

黄金的天课最低起征额为20第纳尔。若不足20第纳尔，哪怕只少一基拉特（Qirat），则不需缴纳天课。 阿里·本·阿比·塔利卜传述道：“每20第纳尔缴纳半第纳尔，每40第纳尔缴纳一第纳尔。” 据阿穆鲁·本·舒艾卜，从其父，再从其祖父传述，先知ﷺ说：“不足20密斯changes（Mithqal）的黄金，无需缴纳天课。” 黄金的数量应合并计算，无论其是完整的还是破碎的，是已铸造的（Madhruba）、金粉（Tibr）还是金条（Sabaik），在计算数量时都视为一体。

The least amount of gold in which Zakat is obliged is 20 Dinars. If it is less than 20 Dinars, even by only one (Qirat), then no Zakat is obliged in it. Ali b. Abi Talib was reported to have said: “One-half Dinar in every 20 Dinars, and one Dinar (is due) in every forty Dinars.” From Amru b. Shuaib from his father from his grandfather from the Prophet (saw) who said: “There is no Sadaqah on whatever is less than 20 Mithqal of gold.” Gold is counted together in all its parts, from the unbroken to the broken, the coined (Madhruba), to the dust (Tibr) or ingots (Sabaik), all is counted as one with regards to the amount.

至于黄金天课的应缴部分，即是四十分之一（2.5%），也就是在十二·五第纳尔的基数上（黄金的尼萨布为20第纳尔，应缴半个第纳尔），以及依据上述圣训，每四十第纳尔缴纳一第纳尔。

As for what is obliged in the Nisab of gold as Zakat, this is quarter-tithe (2.5%) i.e. one-half Dinar in the Nisab, which is 20 Dinars, and one Dinar in forty Dinars due to the above-mentioned Hadith.

凡超过金银尼萨卜的部分，都适用同样的计算方法，即四十分之一的天课，无论增加的数量多少。这与牲畜的规定不同：牲畜在两个尼萨卜之间的部分是被豁免的，因此其中没有天课。至于金银，在超过尼萨卜的每一份增加中都有天课，而且只有一个尼萨卜。超过尼萨卜的部分适用尼萨卜的规定，并收取其天课，即从中取四十分之一。

Whatever is more than the Nisab of gold and silver is subject to the same assessment, i.e. quarter-tithe, whatever the increase, whether small or large. This is different from the rule of livestock where what is between two Nisab amounts is forgiven such that there is no Zakat in it. As for gold and silver, there is Zakat in every increase upon the Nisab, and there is only one Nisab. Whatever is more than the Nisab takes the rule of the Nisab and its Zakat is collected i.e. quarter-tithe is taken from it.