4 私生活 - The Social System in Islam | System Of Islam

4 私生活 - The Social System in Islam | System Of Islam

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4 私生活

4 Private Life

by Taqiuddin an-Nabhani3 min readViewed 147 times

人的本性是既有公共生活,也有私人生活。在公共生活中,人与其部落、村庄或城市中的社会成员共同生活。在私人生活中,人在家中与家庭成员一起生活。对于私人生活中所遇到的问题,无论男女,伊斯兰教都制定了具体的规则来加以处理。伊斯兰教所带来的主要规则之一是:私人生活完全由该人自己掌控。它禁止任何人未经允许进入他的房屋。安拉(SWT)说:

The nature of the human is that He lives a public and a private life. In public life He lives with members of society in his tribe, village or city. In his private life He lives at home and among his family members. For his private life, Islam introduced specific rules to treat the problems that the human encounters, male or female. One of the main rules that Islam brought is that the private life is exclusively under the control of that human. It forbade anyone to enter his house without his permission. Allah (swt) says:

“{哦，信道的人们！你们不要进入不是你们的房屋，直到你们征求许可，并问候其中的居住者。这对你们是更好的，以便你们能够记住。}”[光明章：27] 在这节经文中，真主（SWT）命令人们，未经允许不得进入他人的住宅。祂（SWT）将不征求许可视为疏远，将征求许可视为亲近融洽。祂（SWT）说：

“Oh you who believe enter not homes other than yours until you establish familiarisation and greet their inhabitants. This is better for you, so that you might remember”. [An- Nur: 27] In this Ayah, Allah (swt) commanded people not to enter homes without being permitted to. He (swt) considered not seeking the permission as estrangement and seeking it as familiarisation. He (swt) said:

“哦，信道的人们啊！你们的奴婢，以及你们中尚未到发育年龄的孩子，在三个时间里应当征求你们的允许才能进入：晨礼之前，你们在中午脱下衣服的时候，以及宵礼之后。这是你们的三个隐私时段。除这些时间外，你们与他们都无罪过，他们可以在你们周围随意走动，彼此照应。安拉这样为你们阐明迹象，安拉是全知的，是至睿的。”[光明章：58]这些是保护家庭私密生活、防止希望进入的外人的规定，无论此人是女性可以嫁娶的人（Ajnabi）还是女性不可嫁娶的近亲（Mahram）或姻亲。在这种私密生活中，女性与女性或她的近亲男子同住，因为她可以在他们面前展示身体的美丽之处，这在她的私密生活中是自然展现的。除女性和她的近亲男子之外，女性不得与其他任何人同住，因为她不被允许在他们面前展示身体的那些在操持家务时通常会露出的部位，此外还包括脸和手。因此，私密生活仅限于女性和近亲男子。穆斯林女性与非穆斯林女性之间没有区别，她们都是女性。女性被命令不得在可以嫁娶的人面前展示身体的美丽之处，而被允许在近亲面前展示，这一事实清楚地证明，私密生活仅限于近亲之间。安拉（SWT）说：

“Oh you who believe at three times of day let those whom you possess as well as those from among you who have not yet attained puberty, ask permission from you (before intruding upon your privacy): before the prayer of daybreak, and whenever you lay aside your garments in the middle of the day, and after the prayer of nightfall: the three occasions on which your nakedness is likely to be bared. Beyond these (occasions) neither you nor they will incur any sin if they move (freely) about you, attending to (the needs of) one another. In this way Allah makes clear unto you his messages: for Allah is all knowing and wise!”. [An- Nur: 58] These are the rules to protect the private life at home against outsiders who wish to enter with no difference between a person whom the woman can marry (Ajnabi) or a close person whom she cannot marry (Mahram) or in-law. In this private life, the woman lives with women or her mahram men, since they are the ones whom she can show the places of charm of her body, which she naturally shows in her private life. Other than women and her Mahram men, the woman may not live with anyone because she is not allowed to show before them the places of her body which are usually apparent when she carries out her home duties, further to the face and hands. So private life is restricted to women and mahram men. There is no difference between Muslim or non-Muslim women. They are all women. The fact that women are commanded not to show the places of charm of her body to people whom she can marry and the fact that she is allowed to show them to her Mahrams, are a clear evidence that private life is restricted to the mahram alone. Allah (swt) said:

“并且你应当告诉信道的妇女们，要降低她们的视线，保守她们的贞洁，不要显露她们的装饰，除非是自然显露的部分；让她们用头巾遮住胸口。她们不要向丈夫以外的人显露她们的装饰：丈夫、父亲、丈夫的父亲、儿子、丈夫的儿子、兄弟、兄弟的儿子、姐妹的儿子、同类的妇女、她们所拥有的奴婢，以及没有性欲的男仆，或者尚未知道妇女隐私的幼童。”[《光明章》：31]与属于不可通婚者（mahram）同样规定的，还有她们所拥有的奴隶，以及对女性没有性欲的男子，例如老人、精神失常者、被阉割者、没有生殖器的人等类似的人。这些人可以在私人生活空间中出现。除此之外，即非不可通婚的男子，即使是亲属，也绝对不允许进入私人生活空间。这是因为女子不得在他们面前显露身体上通常在家中才会显露的部位。

“And tell the believing women to lower their gaze, protect their private parts and not to show their places of charm in public beyond what may (decently) be apparent thereof; hence let them draw their head-coverings (khumur) over their necks and bosoms (juyub). And let them not display (more of) their charms to any but their husbands, their fathers, their husbands fathers, their sons, their husbands sons, their brothers, their brothers sons, their sisters sons, their women folk, their concubines, such male attendants as are beyond all sexual desire, or children that are as yet unaware of women's nakedness;” [An- Nur: 31] Falling under the same rules of the mahram men are the slaves they own, and those men who have no desire in women such as the elderly, insane, castrated, the one with no penis and the like. Such people may be present in the private life. Other than them, i.e. non-Mahram men, even if they were relations, they are not allowed at all to be in the private life. This is because the woman is not allowed to show before them the places of her body, which usually appear at home.