资本主义经济制度是一种以生产资料所有权自由为基础的制度。因此，在资本主义之中，每个个人或团体都追求实现自身利益、满足或利润。资本主义以下列主要支柱为中心：

The Capitalist economic system is a system based on the freedom of ownership of the means of production. Thereby in Capitalism, each individual or group seeks to achieve self-interest, satisfaction or profit. Capitalism is centered on the following main pillars:

1) 私有财产或个人拥有财产的自由 2) 自身利益或利润，被视为经济活动的首要动机 3) 通过自由进入和退出市场实现的竞争性市场 4) 以供求关系为基础的市场机制，价格是平衡供求的工具 5) 国家在经济市场中的作用有限

1) Private property or individual freedom to possess 2) Self-interest or profit which is considered as the primary motive for economic activity 3) Competitive market by freedom to enter and exit the market 4) A market mechanism based on supply and demand, with price being a balancing tool 5) A limited role of a state in the economic markets.

当今经济学家将目前世界上普遍存在、大多数西方国家所遵循的经济体系称为"混合经济"。它指的是一种既在一定程度上采用自由市场、又在一定程度上由国家干预市场的经济体系。因此,它在资本使用、投资和生产方面,给予参与经济活动的个人和公司充分的自由空间。在混合经济中,国家也会在某些领域和某些情况下进行干预,以提供社会福利或防止垄断,从而维持平衡。例如,在资本主义中,价格被视为推动市场运转的"看不见的手"。然而,国家可能会对某些商品进行干预,如烟草,通过征收税款来抑制其消费。区分遵循"混合经济"的各国经济的,是国家在经济事务中干预的程度。

Economists today call the economic system that is prevalent around the world, followed by most of the Western nations, by the term ‘mixed economy.’ It means that it is an economy that combines the free market in part and state intervention in the market in part. Thus it gives the individuals and companies engaged free rein in the economy with respect to usage of capital, investment and production. In the mixed economy this is accompanied by the intervention of the state in certain areas and situations, to provide social welfare or to prevent monopoly, in order to maintain balance. For instance, pricing in capitalism is regarding as the invisible hand that moves the market. However, the state may intervene in some of the goods, like tobacco, by imposing taxes, to discourage its consumption. What distinguishes the economies of states that follow the ‘mixed economy’ is the extent of the state intervention within economic affairs.

因此,美国的经济模式在某种程度上不同于德国、法国、日本和瑞典的模式。尽管如此,这些国家本质上都遵循同一种制度,无论它们的资本主义被称为国家资本主义、福利资本主义、市场资本主义、管理型资本主义、现代资本主义还是其他名称。因此,这些差异并不能否定它们属于资本主义。欧洲大陆总体上倾向于对金融市场实施监管和控制,而美国和英国则限制国家的此类干预。然而,这并不意味着欧洲大陆不是资本主义。

Thus, the American economic model, for instance, differs to some extent from that of the German, French, Japanese and Swedish models. This is despite all of them inherently following the same system, regardless of their capitalism being called state capitalism, welfare capitalism, market capitalism, managed capitalism, modern capitalism, or others. So the variation does not negate them from being capitalism. Mainland Europe in general tends to exert oversight and control over financial markets, whilst the United States and the United Kingdom limit such state intervention. This, however, does not mean that mainland Europe is not capitalist.

因此,西方经济作为一个整体是资本主义经济。讨论其类型的差异不在我们的范围之内,不过我们是在资本主义这一单一框架之内讨论模式的差异。此外,国家干预本身就是用来将一个经济体系描述为混合经济的衡量标准。所以,国家干预是资本主义的直接结果。这是因为资本主义经济理论所见证的局部改良,尤其是二十世纪上半叶通过凯恩斯理论进行的改良,目的在于维持资本主义体系的延续。一些国家的国家干预,旨在规范经济行为、加速增长,并颁布与社会保障、失业和医疗保健相关的若干法律,其原因在于受社会主义思潮影响的强大劳工运动的兴起,这些运动要求维护自身权利。这也是包括1929年危机在内的多次经济危机的后果。资本主义受到了考验,其正当性遭到质疑。于是出现了货币方面的检讨、改革和局部调整,以拯救资本主义本身,确保其延续。尽管如此,在二十世纪末形成了一种被称为新自由主义的新理念之后,国家干预本身也成了批评的对象。凯恩斯的修正主义受到了审视和批判,人们呼吁限制国家干预,使资本主义经济摆脱一切约束,回归资本主义的原初原则。

Thus, the Western economy as a whole is a capitalist economy. It is not within our scope to discuss the difference in its types, although we discuss the difference in the model, within the single framework of capitalism. Moreover, the state intervention in itself is the measure by which to describe the economic system as a mixed economy. So state intervention is the direct result of the Capitalism. This is because the partial reformations witnessed by the capitalist economic theories, particularly in the first half of the twentieth century CE, through Keynesian theory, were to preserve the continuity of the capitalist system. State intervention in some nations to streamline economic behavior, accelerate growth and enact some laws related to social security, unemployment and healthcare, were due to the emergence of strong labor movements influenced by socialist thought, who demanded their rights. This was also the consequence of multiple economic crises including the 1929 crisis. Capitalism was put to test and doubts were cast over its validity. There were monetary reviews, reformations and partial adjustments to save Capitalism itself, to ensure its continuity. Despite that, state intervention has itself become the subject of criticism, after the crystallization of a new vision, called neo-liberalism at the end of twentieth century CE. Keynes’s revisions were reviewed and criticized, calling for curbing of state intervention and liberation of the capitalist economy from all constraints, in accordance with the original capitalist principles.

无论如何，我们选择以资本主义经济哲学所建立的基础和原则为出发点，来对其进行批判。我们将西方国家整体的经济制度视为资本主义经济，尽管它们彼此之间存在差异。这是因为我们看到每一种经济内部都具有共同的基础和原则。这些基础和原则体现在对经济本身的看法上，包括对其本质和目标的认识、对经济问题的认识，以及对价值、商品和服务的定义。这些基础和原则在整个西方都是相同的。其内部不存在差异，它们也从未改变。

In any case, we chose to build our critique against the philosophy of capitalist economy based on the foundations and principles upon which it is built. We see the economic system of the Western nations as a whole as a capitalist economy, regardless of the differences between them. This is because we see shared foundations and principles within each economy. These extend to the view of the economy itself in terms of its essence and objective, the view of the economic problems and the definitions of values, goods and services. These foundations and principles are the same throughout the West. There is no difference within them nor have they changed.

关于这一资本主义经济体系内部的腐败问题，应当考虑以下几点：

As for the corruption within this capitalist economic system, one must consider the following points: