The Institutions of State in the Khilafah by Hizb ut-Tahrir

Running of the government's and the people’s affairs is carried out by offices, departments and administrations, whose task is to ensure the management of the State's business and the discharging of the people’s interests. Each office (Maslaha) would be headed by a general manager, and each department (Da'ira) and administration (Idara) would be headed by a director who would run its affairs and be directly responsible for it. Those directors would be answerable to the general director in charge of their offices, departments or administrations from a professional side, and answerable to the Wali and the amil with regards to abiding by the rules and general regulations.. The Messenger of Allah ({BUH) used to run and discharge the affairs and appoint secretaries for their administration. Thus, the Messenger (PBUH) used to discharge the affairs of the people in Al-Madinah, solve their problems, organise their relations, secure their needs and direct them to that which suits them. All of these matters are of the administration issues that ease their life from problems or complications:. In matters of education, The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) made the ransom of the disbelieving prisoners of war the teaching of ten Muslim children, where the ransom was in return for the spoils, which became property of the Muslims. Thus, securing education was one of the Muslims affairs..

In healthcare, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) was given a doctor as a gift, but he assigned him to Muslims. The fact that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) received a gift and he did not use it, nor take it, rather he assigned it to the Muslims is evidence that healthcare is one of the interests of Muslims.. In regards to employment, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) directed a man to buy a robe and then an axe and collect firewood and sell to the people instead of begging from them, where somebody might give him while another would resist. Thus, solving the problems of work was also one of the Muslims' interests. Ahmad reported a hadith and Al-Tirmidhi approved it stating that:. "A man from Al-Ansar came to the Prophet (PBUH) and asked from him (sadaqah). The Messenger (PBUH) said ‘Don't you have anything in your house?’ He said, ‘Yes.’ The Prophet (PBUH) said, ‘Bring them to me.’ He brought them to him. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) took them in his hand, and said, ‘Who would buy these two?’ A man said, ‘I would take them for two dirhams.’ He gave them to him and took the two dirhams. He gave them to the Ansari and said, ‘Buy with one of them and give it to your family and buy with the other an axe and bring it to me.’ He brought it to him. Then he tied with his hand a rod to it and said, ‘Go and collect firwood and sell, and do not let me see you for fifteen days.’ He did that, and came back having ten dirhams". [Abu Dawud, Sunan, #1641]. Al-Bukhari reported that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said:.

"It is better for any one of you to take a rope and bring a bundle of firewood on his back, and sell it, and thus protect with it his face (of begging) than to beg the people, who might give him or reject."[Bukhari, Sahih, #2075] .

In the issue of roads, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) organised the roads at his time by making the road of seven arms in case of dispute. Al- Bukhari narrated from Abu Hurairah:. "The Prophet (PBUH) decided in case there was a dispute the road would be of seven arms." [Bukhari, Sahih, #2473]. The narration by Muslim says:. "If you had dispute over the road make its width seven arms".. This was from the administrative organisation of that time, and if there is need for wider than that it is allowed according to the opinion of Shafi'i. .

The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) has also prevented transgression against the road. Tabarani reported in [al-Jami’] Al-Saghir:.

"Whoever took of the road of Muslims a handspan, Allah would encircle him from seven earths on the Day of Judgement.". In matters of irrigation, Al-Zubayr disputed with a man from Al-Ansar regarding irrigating from a stream of water flowing in their lands. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said:. "O Zubayr, irrigate and then send the water to your neighbour". There is agreement over the hadith, and the words are from Muslim.. Thus, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) used to run the affairs of the Muslims and solve their problems easily and simply, without complication. He used to seek the help of some Sahabah in conducting that, thus making the affairs of the people an organisation entrusted to the Khalifah or he appointed over it a competent manager that took charge of it. This is what we adopt so as to reduce the burden of the Khalifah, particularly since the affairs of the people have increased and branched out. Accordingly, there would be an organisation for the people's affairs entrusted with a competent manager, and run by styles and means that facilitate the citizens living there, that provides for them the necessary services without complication and rather provides ease and simplicity.. This system consists of administrations, departments and directorates. The administration is the overall management of any government affair, such as citizenship, transportations, money coinage, education, health, agriculture, employment, roads and others. This administration would undertake the management of its own affairs and all the departments and directorates under its control. The department would run its own affairs and those of the directorates under its control. The directorate would also run its own affairs and the affairs of all the sections and divisions under its control..

The purpose of establishing these administrations, departments and directorates is to manage the State's affairs and to discharge the people's interests. In order to guarantee the smooth running of these administrations, departments and directorates, directors must be appointed to take charge of them. For each administration, a general director would be appointed to take direct charge of it and to supervise all the departments and directorates that come under it. For each department and for each directorate a manager is appointed to be directly in charge of his department or directorate and to be responsible for the sections and divisions affiliated to it.